Click to edit Master title style

1
Click to edit Master title style

Points Switches
&
Its types

2
Click to edit Master title style

3 3
 Click to editto:
Presented Master title style
Prof. Dr. Engr. Tahir Sultan
Presented by:
Mueed Javaid 2019-CE-02 Muneeb Ul Din 2019-CE-24
Haroon Shahzad 2019-CE-04 Muhammad Muaaz 2019-CE-26
Kamran Khurshid 2019-CE-08 Muhammad Noman 2019-CE-28
Mehreen Manzoor 2019-CE-10 Abdul Rauf 2019-CE-30
Umair Saeed 2019-CE-14 Muhammad Haseeb 2019-CE-32
Muhammad Kamran 2019-CE-16 Muhammad Akram 2019-CE-34
Ali Raza 2019-CE-18 Inam Ullah 2019-CE-36
Abdullah Bilal 2019-CE-20
Muhammad Hamza 2019-CE-22
4 4
Click to edit Master title style

definition

5 5
Click to edit Master title style

 Points is the special arrangement

provided on railway track to facilitate
trains to be diverted from one track to
another.

 Combination of two points by which a

train is diverted from one track to another
track, is known as Turn Out.

6 6
Click to edit Master title style

Switches

7 7
Click to edit Master title style
A railroad switch is a mechanical installation enabling
railway trains to be guided from one track to another, such
as at a railway junction.

A switch consist of a pair of linked tapering rails, known as

points, lying between the diverging outer rails. These points
can be moved laterally into one of two positions to direct a
train coming from the point blades toward the straight path
or the diverging path.

8 8
Click to edit Master title style

operation

9 9
• Click to edit Master title style
A railroad wheels are guided along the tracks by coning of the wheels. Only in extreme
cases does it rely on the flanges located on the insides of the wheels.

• When the wheels reach the switch, the wheels are guided along the route determined by
which of the two points is connected to the track facing the switch.

• In the illustration, if the left point is connected, the left wheel will be guided along the
rail of that point, and the train will diverge to the right. If the right point is connected, the
right wheel's flange will be guided along the rail of that point, and the train will continue
along the straight track.

• Only one of the points may be connected to the facing track at any time; the two points
are mechanically locked together to ensure that this is always the case. 1010
Click to edit Master title style
 The operation of a railroad switch.

 In this animation, the red track is the one

travelled during a facing-point movement.

The switch mechanism, shown in black, may

be operated remotely using an electric motor
or hand operated lever or from a nearby
ground frame.

1111
Click to edit Master title style

Components

1212
 ClickRail:
 Stock to edit Master title style
Stock rail are made from standard rail profile, with one side
straight and the other side curved. To avoid stock rail from
moving, rail braces are installed on the outer side.

Tongue Rail:
These are the movable rails which guide the wheels
towards either the straight or the diverging track.

Connection Parts:
Connection parts consist of 2 straight rails and 2 curve
guide rails, which are help to connect the switch rail with
frog and check rail as a complete railway turnout. 1313
 Check Rail:
Click to edit Master title style
Check rail is a short rail fixed alongside the outer rail and
opposite the frog to guide the trail wheels passing through
the appropriate flange way and avoid derailing. Check rails
are placed in pairs, in other words, each frog require two
check rails.
 Switch Machine:
Switch machine, also known as point machine, is the
executive part of railway turnout control system. It is
electric, hydraulic machine that used to change rail direction.
The machine is usually controlled remotely. There are some
electrical contacts inside the machine to detect whether the
switch is fully set and locked. In case of any emergencies, a
manual operating device is quite necessary.
1414
Click to edit Master title style
 Frog:
The frog is the crossing part of two tracks, which consist of check rail and connecting
components. It can be assembled by several cut and bent rail pieces, or single casting
steel

1515
Click to edit Master title style

Point indicators:

As it is difficult to see the lie of a switch from a

distance, especially at night, European railways and their
subsidiaries provide point indicators which are often
illuminated.

1616
Click to edit Master title style

types

1717
 Click to edit Master title style
 Slip Switch:
 Double Slip:
• A double slip switch (double slip) is a narrow-angled diagonal flat crossing of two lines combined
with four pairs of points in such a way as to allow vehicles to change from one straight track to the
other, alternatively to going straight across.

 Single Slip:
• A single slip switch works on the same principle as a double slip, but provides for only one
switching possibility. Trains approaching on one of the two crossing tracks can either continue
over the crossing, or switch tracks to the other line.
• However, trains from the other track can only continue over the crossing, and cannot switch tracks.

1818
Click to edit Master title style

1919
Click to edit Master title style

 Crossover:
• A crossover is a pair of switches that connects two parallel rail tracks, allowing a train on one
track to cross over to the other.
• When two crossovers are present in opposite directions, one after the other, the four-switch
configuration is called a double crossover.
• Due to the diamond in the center, a diamond crossover.

2020
Click to edit Master title style Switch
Crossover

2121
Click to edit Master title style
 Fixed Heel Type:

• In this type of split switch, the tongue rail does not end at the heel of the switch but
extends further and is rigidly connected.

• The movement at the toe of the switch is made possible on account of the flexibility
of the tongue rail.

2222
Click toSwitches:
 Stub edit Master title style
• The stub switch mechanism aligns the movable rails with the rails of one of the diverging
routes.
• In 19th century US railroad use, the stub switch was typically used in conjunction with a
harp switch stand.
 Three Way Switches:
• A three-way switch is used to split a railroad track into three divergent paths rather than the
more usual two.
• There are two types of three-way switches. In a symmetrical three-way switch, the left and
right branches diverge at the same place.
• In an asymmetrical three-way switch, the branches diverge in a staggered way. Both types of
three-way switches require three frogs.

2323
Click to edit Master title style
 Rotary Switch:

• Rotary switches, are sometimes used on cog railways to

maintain alignment of the cog with 2 different tracks.
• A rotary switch rotates about its long axis to present a track
connection to a chosen set of tracks. Physically, it flips over to
connect to the chosen set of tracks.

2424
Click to edit Master title style
 Temporary Points:
• When a train track is interrupted during repairs, a set of temporary points may be
placed on top of existing track to allow trans to cross to the parallel track.
• They may be welded into place and allow trans to pass at walking pace.

2525
Click to edit Master title style

2626