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Medieval Mathematics PPT Report

Medieval European mathematics included writings on arithmetic, geometry, algebra, astrology and astronomy. Key figures included Nichomachus who introduced arithmetic, Euclid who founded geometry, and Fibonacci who spread the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. Later, Oresme used rectangular coordinates, Regiomontanus helped establish trigonometry as its own field, and Cantor established set theory. Leibniz and Copernicus also made important contributions to mathematics and astronomy.

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Jemuel Villa
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820 views20 pages

Medieval Mathematics PPT Report

Medieval European mathematics included writings on arithmetic, geometry, algebra, astrology and astronomy. Key figures included Nichomachus who introduced arithmetic, Euclid who founded geometry, and Fibonacci who spread the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. Later, Oresme used rectangular coordinates, Regiomontanus helped establish trigonometry as its own field, and Cantor established set theory. Leibniz and Copernicus also made important contributions to mathematics and astronomy.

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Jemuel Villa
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MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN

MATHEMATICS

PREPARED BY: DANILO C. PINAILID JR.


WHAT IS IN THE MEDIEVAL EUROPIAN
MATHEMATICS?

There Are Texts That Are Recognizably Devoted To


Arithmetic, Geometry, Or Occasionally Algebra, But
Most Of The Writings That Were Later Described As
'Mathematical' Were Concerned With Astrology And
Astronomy
ABACUS
Is the first device use to make
manual mathematical calculations
by sliding counters along rows of
wire et inside a frame. Medieval abacus, based on the
Roman/Greek model
 
NICHOMACUS

He is known for his notable works which is the


introduction of arithmetic that an influential
treatise on the number theory.

Example of arithmetic sequence:


Nichomacus
1,6,11,16___

It an arithmetic progression with a common


difference of 5.
sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria
Founder or father of geometry.

Geometry
It is the branch of mathematics concerned with
the properties and relations of points, lines,
surfaces, solids, and higher dimensional analogs.
Euclid
Phythagorean Geometry
By the 12th Century, though, Europe, and
particularly Italy, was beginning to trade with
the East, and Eastern knowledge gradually
began to spread to the West. Robert of Chester
translated Al-Khwarizmi‘s important book on
algebra into Latin in the 12th Century, and the
complete text of Euclid‘s “Elements” was
translated in various versions by Adelard of
Bath, Herman of Carinthia and Gerard of
Cremona. The great expansion of trade and
commerce in general created a growing
practical need for mathematics, and arithmetic
entered much more into the lives of common Al-Khwarizmi
people and was no longer limited to the
academic realm.
LEONARDO OF PISA ALSO KNOWN
AS FIBONACCI
Europe’s first great medieval mathematician
was the Italian Leonardo of Pisa, better known by
his nickname Fibonacci. Although best known for
the so-called Fibonacci Sequence of numbers,
perhaps his most important contribution to
European mathematics was his role in spreading
the use of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system
throughout Europe early in the 13th Century, Leonardo of Pisa
which soon made the Roman numeral system
obsolete, and opened the way for great advances Nickname: Fibonacci
in European mathematics.
EXAMPLE O FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

Fibonacci Sequence = 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ….


“3” is obtained by adding the third and fourth term
(1+2) and so on. For example, the next term after
21 can be found by adding 13 and 21. Therefore,
the next term in the sequence is 34.
RENE DISCARTES

René Descartes popularized the idea, as well as perhaps the


first time-speed-distance graph. Also, leading from his
research into musicology, he was the first to use fractional
exponents, and also worked on infinite series, being the first to
prove that the harmonic series 1⁄1 + 1⁄2 + 1⁄3 + 1⁄4 + 1⁄5… is a
divergent infinite series (i.e. not tending to a limit, other than
infinity).

. RENE DISCARTES
We have also here Nicole Oresme, he is also a Frenchman who also used
a system of rectangular coordinates .

Oresme was one of the first to use graphical analysis


 
REGIOMONTATUS or JUHANN MULLER

The German scholar Regiomontatus was perhaps the most


capable mathematician of the 15th Century, his main
contribution to mathematics being in the area of
trigonometry. He helped separate trigonometry
from astronomy, and it was largely through his efforts that
trigonometry came to be considered an independent branch of
mathematics. His book “De Triangulis“, in which he described
much of the basic trigonometric knowledge which is now taught
in high school and college, was the first great book on
trigonometry to appear in print.
Nicolaus Cusanus

Mention should also be made of Nicholas of


Cusa (or Nicolaus Cusanus), a 15th Century
German philosopher, mathematician and
astronomer, whose prescient ideas on the
infinite and the infinitesimal directly influenced
later mathematicians like Gottfried Leibniz
and Georg Cantor. He also held some
distinctly non-standard intuitive ideas about the Nicolaus Cusanus
universe and the Earth’s position in it, and about
the elliptical orbits of the planets and relative
motion, which foreshadowed the later
discoveries of Nicolas Copernicus and
Johannes Kepler.
He created set theory, which has become a
fundamental theory in mathematics. Cantor
established the importance of one-to-one
correspondence between the members of two
sets, defined infinite and well-ordered sets,
and proved that the real numbers are more
numerous than the natural numbers.
Georg Cantor
A set of numbers can be defined as infinite if
there exists a one-to-one correspondence
between that set and a proper subset of
itself. Let us consider an example x+ 1 = x,
this is only possible when x is an infinite
number. The addition of 1 won't result in the
change on the original number.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German polymath
active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist, and
diplomat. He is one of the most prominent figures in both
the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics.
He wrote works on philosophy, theology, ethics, politics,
law, history, and philology.

Gottfried Leibniz
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) was a mathematician and
astronomer who proposed that the sun was stationary in the
center of the universe and the earth revolved around it.

Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician and astronomer


who discovered that the Earth and planets travel about the sun
in elliptical orbits. He gave three fundamental laws of planetary
motion. He also did important work in optics and geometry.

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