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This document discusses improved strategies for resource allocation in repetitive construction projects that account for learning effects. It proposes incorporating learning curve models into linear scheduling techniques like the line of balance model to more accurately forecast duration and resource needs over time as worker experience and productivity improves. By integrating a learning curve that models decreasing task times with increased repetitions and a mechanism for dynamic resource allocation, the proposed approach aims to minimize total resource usage while meeting schedule constraints.

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Vikas Sharma
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35 views20 pages

Ce 542

This document discusses improved strategies for resource allocation in repetitive construction projects that account for learning effects. It proposes incorporating learning curve models into linear scheduling techniques like the line of balance model to more accurately forecast duration and resource needs over time as worker experience and productivity improves. By integrating a learning curve that models decreasing task times with increased repetitions and a mechanism for dynamic resource allocation, the proposed approach aims to minimize total resource usage while meeting schedule constraints.

Uploaded by

Vikas Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Improved Strategy for Resouce

Allocation in Repetitive Projects


Considering the Learning Effect
Lihui Zhang, XIn Zou and Zhinan Kan
J. Constr. Eng. Manage., 2014, 140(11): 04014053

Presented by:
Amit kumar Sahu & Divyesh Sharma
1
Summary
• To get a more realistic and optimal schedule about resource
utilization.
• Realistic Forecast of Projects’ duration and resource
requirement
• Learning effect in repetitive type of projects
• Improved learning curve due to Workers’s performance improvement
• Workers’ prior experience
• Machinery
• Improved learning curve + A mechanism of Resource
allocation = Improved Line Of Balance Model
• Minimization of total resource usage without delaying and
work discontinuity
2
Repetitive type of project
• Set of similar activities that are repeated in each unit over the length
of the Project.

3
Learning Effect
• Traditional planning and scheduling method “Production rate of an
activity at each unit is constant.”
• “Workers’ productivity can be improved with additional experience
and practice.” (Learning Effect)
• Time and resource will decrease

More realistic forecast of


Learning effect duration and cost

High degree of precision


in budgeting and More competitive bidding
scheduling

4
Stages Of Concept Building
• The manual work time of the specific unit will be constant
irrespective of repetitions.( No effect of learning)

• The manual work time of the specific unit will be converging to zero
upon a large number of repetitions. (not true)

• The manual work time of the specific unit will be converging to non
zero constant under a large number of repetitions. (true)

5
Learning Curve and improvements
Log- Linear LC
• TX = C1X−n
Where 
• TX= Cumulative average unit time to produce X units,
• C1= Time required for the first Unit
• n= slope of the learning curve under a logarithmic scale, describing
the worker's learning rate (0 ≤ n ≤ 1) Which describes Worker’s
learning rate.
• n = 1 means High learning rate (fast adaptation)

6
Learning Curve and improvements
• Stanford- B LC
TX = C1(X+B)−n
Where 
C1 is the time of the first unit when the crew has no prior experience(B=0)
B = Experience in terms of number of equivalent units..
• Dejong's LC
TX = C1[M+(1-M)X−n]
Where,
M = Factor to account for man machine ratio.(Incompressibility Factor)
M=0 no machine work
M=1 no improvement in worker’s performance
Time compression in manual work will be more than time compression in machine work.

7
Learning Curve and improvements
• S- curve LC
• TX = C1[M+(1-M)(X+B)−n]

• Plateau LC
• TX =C + C1X−n

Where C= Steady state worker’s performance ie. Cumulative avg time will reach
steady state after learning is concluded.

8
Comparative profiles of the log-linear
curve and its modifications

9
Improvements to LC
• LC is used to forecast the variability in workers’ productivity.
• Higher degree of precision can be obtained by
• The information associated with activity characteristics is accurately evaluated
by site managers or schedulers. ( n,M,B,C)
• Forecast results of these LCs need to meet the objective facts and real
applications.

• Machines are unable to learn so


Machine time= C1M

10
Improvements to LC
• Manual work time of the Xth Unit from S- curve
= XTX-(X-1)TX-1-C1M
• As number of repetitions increases, X will increase. So manual work
time will become zero but it is not practical.
• So authors introduced a new term which is the manual work time of
the specific unit will converge to a non zero time C0 under a large
number of units.
Thus, Manual work time will converge to C1M+C0

11
Comparison of LCs for a High Rise Project

12
Applying the learning effect to minimize
total resource Usage

The Project and Activity Information

Implementing the resource allocation


Mechanism

Determining Start and Finish times


Considering precedence relationships

13
Line of Balance
Technique Click icon to add picture

• The LOB technique is a linear


scheduling method mostly used for
planning and scheduling repetitive
construction projects.
• The basic assumption is that each
activity has the same constant
duration from the first to the last
unit.
• The LOB technique enables
subcontractors to calculate the
number of working gang resources
needed to complete an activity
subject to a target deadline and
work continuity.

14
LOB schedule for the illustrative project
without learning and with learning

Without learning With learning

15
Comparisons of resource requirements with and without learning

Resource allocation without learning Resource allocation with learning


16
Proposed research areas
• Learning effect into repetitive scheduling techniques, only
few attempts have been made to use this technique to tackle
specific optimization problems, such as resource leveling.
This hinders the field application of the learning effect to
some extent.

17
Conclusion
• The learning effect is an important feature for repetitive construction
projects that can be utilized to achieve a more accurate and reliable
scheduling of construction operations and resources.
• The proposed LC introduced the standard time to account for the time taken
to complete all manual jobs of a unit under perfect conditions and excellent
labor force. Therefore, it is more appropriate for subcontractors to predict
the progress of different work tasks and arrange resources in a timely
manner to match this progress.
• Proposed LOB model, which can make use of the learning effect to minimize
resource requirements of a project, satisfied precedence constraints, work
continuity, and deadline constraints for activities. deadline.

18
Thank You

19
                  Q & A

20

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