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Chemistry Hydrogen Notes

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Harshwardhan Unde
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134 views25 pages

Chemistry Hydrogen Notes

Uploaded by

Harshwardhan Unde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STUDY OF FIRST ELEMENT

HYDROGEN
Similarity Alkali metal [group1] Halogens [group 17]

Electronic configuration One valence electron +1 One less than noble gas -1

Character Electropositive Electronegative

Valency Electrovalency 1 Electrovalency and covalency

Reactions Strong affinity for non-metals Atomicity – diatomic


Eg . O, S, Cl molecules – Cl 2, H2
Hydrogen- H2O , H2S , HCl
Sodium- Na2 , Na2S NaCl

agents Reducing agents oxidizing agents


CuO +H2 Cu +H2O
Reaction with boiling water /steam
Metal oxides with alkalis to give salt and water
purification
Impurites removed by passing through the washer bottle.
1- AgNO3 – impurity – Arsine [AsH3] and Phosphine [PH3]
2- Pb(NO3)2 – Hydrogen sulphide [H2S]
3- KOH- NO2 , CO2 , SO2
U-tube 4 - CaCl2 - Moisture.

Precaution
No leakage of gas and
 no flame near the apparatus.

Collection
Hydrogen gas is collected by --- Downward displacement of
water
BOSCH PROCESS /
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
Unreacted carbon monoxide
By dissolving the mixture in
ammonical cuprous chloride solution.

CUCl+ CO + 2H2O CuCl.CO.2H2O


TYPES OF CHEMICAL CHANGES

OXIDATION REACTIONS REDUCTION REACTIONS


 LOSS OF ELECTRONS  Gain of electrons

Cu Cu 2+ + 2e- Fe 3+ + e- Fe 2+
Cu – 2e- Cu 2+ Fe 3+ Fe 2+ + e-
 Addition of oxygen  Removal of oxygen
2Zn+ O2 2ZnO CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
 Removal of hydrogen  Addition of hydrogen
H2S +2 Fe Cl3 2FeS + 2 HCl + S Cl 2 + H2S 2HCl + S
 Addition of electronegative element  Removal of electronegative element
Zn +H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 PbSO4 + H2 Pb + H2SO4
 Removal of electropositive element  Addition of electropositive element
2KI + H2 O2 2KOH + I2 Br2 + 2HCl 2 HBr + Cl2

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