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Parts and Characteristics of A Parabola

The document describes the key characteristics of parabolas, including: - Parabolas can have their vertex at the origin or at a point (h,k) - They have an axis of symmetry that is either vertical or horizontal - The opening (upward/downward or left/right) is determined by the sign of the focus p - Other characteristics like the focus, latus rectum, and directrix can be determined from the vertex and focus p. Examples are given to demonstrate how to sketch parabolas from equations.

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Ryan Ordinante
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98 views19 pages

Parts and Characteristics of A Parabola

The document describes the key characteristics of parabolas, including: - Parabolas can have their vertex at the origin or at a point (h,k) - They have an axis of symmetry that is either vertical or horizontal - The opening (upward/downward or left/right) is determined by the sign of the focus p - Other characteristics like the focus, latus rectum, and directrix can be determined from the vertex and focus p. Examples are given to demonstrate how to sketch parabolas from equations.

Uploaded by

Ryan Ordinante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Parts and

characteristics of a
parabola
Case 1: Characteristic of a parabola with vertex at the origin.
PARABOLA AXIS OF OPENING FOCUS LATUS DIRECTRI
SYMMETR RECTUM X
Y

Horizontal Right, (p,0) Length: 4p Equation:


if p > 0 Equation: x = -p
Left, x= ±p
if p < 0 Endpoints:
(p, ±2p)

Vertical Upward, if p (0,p) Length: 4p Equation:


>0 Equation: y = -p
Downward, if y= ±p
p<0 Endpoints:
(±2p, p)
EXAMPLE 1. GRAPH THE PARABOLA WITH AN EQUATION
STEP 1: LOCATE THE VERTEX OF THE PARABOLA. SINCE BELONG TO THE CASE 1, ITS
VERTEX IS AT ORIGIN (0,0).
STEP 2: DETERMINE ITS AXIS OF SYMMETRY BY CONSIDERING THE VARIABLE WITH
THE SECOND DEGREE.
IN THE EQUATION , THE VARIABLE x HAS THE SECOND DEGREE WHICH IMPLIES
THAT THE GIVEN PARABOLA HAS VERTICAL AXIS OF SYMMETRY.
STEP 3: IDENTIFY THE OPENING OF THE PARABOLA BY EXAMINING THE VALUE OF
ITS FOCUS (p).
* I l
* 4py = 20y l 4p = 20
p = 5 - SINCE P > 0, THEN THE PARABOLA OPENS UPWARD.
STEP 4: LOCATE THE FOCUS OF THE PARABOLA.
SINCE P = 5, THE FOCUS OF THE PARABOLA IS 5 UNITS ABOVE THE VERTEX. THUS,
THE FOCUS IS AT (0,5)
STEP 5: LOCATE ENDPOINTS OF THE LATUS RECTUM.
TO LOCATE THE ENDPOINTS OF THE LATUS RECTUM , WE USE ±2P = ±10.
THIS MEANS THAT FROM THE FOCUS (0,5), WE MOVE 10 UNITS TO THE RIGHT AND
ANOTHER 10 UNITS TO THE LEFT. THEREFORE , THE ENDPOINTS OF THE LATUS
RECTUM ARE LOCATED AT (-10,5) AND (10,5).
ALSO, THE LENGTH OF THE LATUS RECTUM IS 20 UNITS, WHICH IS ACTUALLY THE
VALUE OF 4p (COEFFICIENT OF x IN THE GIVEN EXAMPLE).
Case 2: Characteristic of a parabola with vertex at point (h,k).
PARABOLA AXIS OF OPENING FOCUS LATUS DIRECTRIX
SYMMETRY RECTUM

Horizontal Right, (h + p,k) Length: 4p Equation:


if p > 0 Equation: x=h-p
Left, x= h + p
if p < 0 Endpoints:
(h + p, k ±2p)

Vertical Upward, if p (h,k+p) Length: 4p Equation:


>0 Equation: y=k-p
Downward, if y= k + p
p<0 Endpoints:
(h ±2p, k + p)
EXAMPLE 2. SKETCH THE GRAPH OF THE PARABOLA THAT HAS AN
EQUATION
STEP 1: LOCATE THE VERTEX OF THE PARABOLA. SINCE BELONGs TO THE
CASE 2, ITS VERTEX IS DETERMINED BY THE VALUES OF h AND k.
* ͢
• ͢ , HERE , k = -3 AND h = 2
• THUS, THE VERTEX OF THE PARABOLA IS AT (2,-3).
STEP 2: DETERMINE ITS AXIS OF SYMMETRY BY CONSIDERING THE
VARIABLE OF THE SECOND DEGREE.
IN THE EQUATION , THE VARIABLE y HAS THE SECOND DEGREE WHICH
IMPLIES THAT THE GIVEN PARABOLA HAS A HORIZONTAL AXIS OF
SYMMETRY.
STEP 3: IDENTIFY THE OPENING OF THE PARABOLA BY EXAMINING THE
VALUE OF ITS FOCUS (p).
*
• *
• * 4p = 4
p =1
p = 1 - SINCE P > 0, THEN THE PARABOLA OPENS TO THE RIGHT.
STEP 4: LOCATE THE FOCUS OF THE PARABOLA.
SINCE P = 1, THE FOCUS OF THE PARABOLA IS 1 UNIT TO THE RIGHT OF THE
VERTEX. THUS, THE FOCUS IS AT (3,-3).
STEP 5: LOCATE ENDPOINTS OF THE LATUS RECTUM.
TO LOCATE THE ENDPOINTS OF THE LATUS RECTUM , WE USE ±2P = ±2.
THIS MEANS THAT FROM THE FOCUS (3,-3), WE MOVE 2 UNITS UPWARD
AND ANOTHER 2 UNITS DOWNWARD. THEREFORE, THE ENDPOINTS OF
THE LATUS RECTUM ARE LOCATED AT (3,-1) AND (3, -5).
ALSO, THE LENGTH OF THE LATUS RECTUM IS 4 UNITS, WHICH IS
ACTUALLY THE VALUE OF 4p (COEFFICIENT OF (x-h) ON THE GIVEN
EXAMPLE).
BABALA! BASAHIN NG
MATIWASAY,PARA HUMABA
ANG BUHAY 

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