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Bus Math Q1 W3 D1

Proportion is a mathematical comparison between two numbers or ratios. Two ratios are in proportion when they are equal. Proportions can be direct, meaning both variables increase or decrease together, indirect/inverse, meaning one variable increases as the other decreases, or partitive, involving dividing a whole into multiple parts. Examples demonstrate setting up and solving proportions to find unknown values.

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30 views18 pages

Bus Math Q1 W3 D1

Proportion is a mathematical comparison between two numbers or ratios. Two ratios are in proportion when they are equal. Proportions can be direct, meaning both variables increase or decrease together, indirect/inverse, meaning one variable increases as the other decreases, or partitive, involving dividing a whole into multiple parts. Examples demonstrate setting up and solving proportions to find unknown values.

Uploaded by

Brian Joshua D. Tulay
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Business Mathematics

Proportion

Prepared by:
Raymond A. Rogel
Teacher I
Proportion 

Proportion is a mathematical
comparison between two
numbers.  According to proportion, if
two sets of given numbers are increasing
or decreasing in the same ratio, then the
ratios are said to be directly proportional
to each other. Proportions are denoted
using the symbol  "::" or "=".
Proportion- Example
Two ratios are said to be in proportion
when the two ratios are equal. For
example, the time taken by train to cover
50km per hour is equal to the time taken
by it to cover the distance of 250km for
5 hours. Such as 50km/hr = 250km/5hrs.
Ratio
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities by
division.

The ratio of a to b can be written in two


ways:
1. 𝑎:𝑏 (odds notation), where the symbol “:”
is read as “is to”
2. a/b, where 𝑏𝑏 ≠ 0 (fractional notation)
Ratio
Example
1. If there are 7 girls in a group
of 15 students, we say that 7/15
of the students are girls or the
ratio of the number of girls to
the number of students is 7: 15.
Ratio
Example 2.
In a class of 45 students, 32 students
ride public transportation to school, 8
students ride private vehicles to school,
and 5 students walk to school. We say
that the ratio of students who ride
public transportation to school to the
total number of students is 32: 45.
Proportion

A statement that two ratios are


equal is called a proportion.
If 𝑎/𝑏 and 𝑐/𝑑 are two equal ratios, then the statement 𝑎/ 𝑏 = 𝑐/ 𝑑 is called a
proportion, where 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐 and 𝑑𝑑 are called terms of the proportion. The terms
𝑎𝑎 and 𝑑𝑑 are called the extremes while 𝑏𝑏 and 𝑐𝑐 are called the means.
Types of Proportion (Variation)

Direct Proportion – two variables, say 𝑥 and 𝑦,


varying such that as 𝑥 increases, 𝑦 also increases, or
as 𝑥 decreases, 𝑦 also decreases proportionally; that
is, the ratio 𝑥/𝑦 is always the same. The same holds
true with the ratio 𝑦/𝑥 .
Types of Proportion (Variation)

Indirect/Inverse Proportion – two variables, say 𝑥


and 𝑦, varying such that as 𝑥 increases, 𝑦 decreases,
or as 𝑥 decreases, 𝑦 increases proportionally; that is,
the product of 𝑥 and 𝑦 is always the same.
Types of Proportion (Variation)

Partitive Proportion – a whole is divided into more


than two parts.
Example 1. Direct Proportion

Manufacturer ABC discovered that during an


average production run, 3 out of 50 items
produced by a certain machine will be
defective. Based on this, if the machine
produces 1000 items, how many items are
expected to be defective?
Solution:
In this example, we have the proportion 3/50 = 𝑥/1000. Since
more items are produced, we expect more to be defective. To
solve for 𝑥, that is the expected number of defective items, 𝑥𝑥 =
3(1000)/50 . Computing for x, we will get 60. Therefore, 60 items
are expected to be defective.
In this example, we had the proportion 3/50 = 60/1000 . We can
use the Fundamental Property of Proportions to verify that 3/50 =
60/1000. Equating the cross products of the terms, we get 3 ×
1000 = 50 × 60. Indeed, 3000 = 3000.
Example 2. Indirect Proportion

Ten men can finish painting a house in 3


weeks. How many weeks can 14 men
finish painting the same house?
Solution:
In this example, we expect that if more men will work,
they will be able to finish painting the house for a shorter
period of time. Note that for indirect proportions, the
products of the two variables involved must be equal. For
this problem, we have the equation, 10 × 3 = 14 × 𝑥.
Hence, 𝑥 = 10×30/14 . Therefore, it is expected that 14
men will finish painting the house in 30/14 or 2 1/7
weeks.
Example 3. Partitive Proportion

A certain cash prize of Php 900,000 is to


be shared by the top 3 contestants in
the ratio of 1:2:3. How much will be the
share of each contestant?
Solution:

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