Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
Division of City Schools - Las Piñas City

Name: _____________________________________ Score: _____________________

Grade & Section ____________________________ Teacher________________________

BUSINESS MATH MODULE WEEK 4

MELC: Solve problems involving direct, inverse and partitive proportion. ABM_BM11RP-Ie-4

After going through the module, you are expected to:

1. solve a word problem that may be translated as a proportion;
2. recognize if a proportion is direct, inverse , and partitive.
3. solve problems involving direct, inverse and partitive proportions

What I Know
Problem Solving:
Carlo, Danie, and Mia are going to share PhP18,000. Carlo will receive of what Mia’s going to
receive, while Danie will get of what Mia is going to get. How much will each one receive?

What’s new
Proportions can be used to solve a variety of word problems. The following examples
show some of these word problems. In each case, we will translate the word problem into a
proportion, and then solve the proportion using the fundamental property of proportions.
Example 1:
Eight tea bags are needed to make 5 liters of iced tea. How many tea bags are needed to make
15 liters of iced tea?
Solution: Let t represent the number of tea bags. The problem translates to the following
proportion: t/15 = 8/5
Note that both ratios in the proportion compare the same quantities; that is, both ratios compare
number of tea bags to liters of iced tea. In words, the proportion says “t tea bags to 15 liters of
iced tea as 8 tea bags to 5 liters of iced tea”.

Using the fundamental property of proportions, we obtain the following:

t/15 = 8/5 → 5 (t) = 15(8) t = 24 tea bags

Example 2:
A manufacturer knows that during an average production run, out of 1,000 items produced by a
certain machine, 25 will be defective. If the machine produces 2,030 items, how many can be
expected to be defective?
Solution: We let x represent the number of defective items and solve the following proportion:
x/2030 = 25/1000
Example 3:
If 1 out of 6 people buy a particular branded item, how many people can be expected to buy this
item in a community of 6,000 people?
Solution: Let p = the number of people buying the branded item. The ratio p/600 defines the
number of people p out of 6000 buying the branded item.
This ratio is equal to 1 to 6. These two ratios are equal; that is, they form a proportion as given
below:
p/6000 =1/6
Solving for p, we get p = 1000. So, 1000 people can be expected to buy the particular branded
item.
How do we recognize whether a given proportion problem involves a direct proportion, an
inverse proportion, or a partitive proportion? The definitions below determine the type of
proportion (variation) a given problem is.
Types of proportion (variation):
Direct proportion – two variables, say x and y, varying such that as x increases, y also increases
or as x decreases, y also decreases proportionally; that is, the ratio is always the same. The
same holds true with the ratio.
Example:
A machine in a fruit juice factory fills 840 bottles in 6 hours. How many bottles will it fill in 5
hours?
 Solution: Let the number of bottles filled in 5 hours be x. Then, the above data can be
presented in the following tabular form:
Time 6 5

Number of Bottles 840 X

We know that the time taken to fill the bottle is directly proportional to
the number of bottles filled.

Hence, 6:840=5:x Then 6x=5 ( 840) X= 700.

Thus, 700 bottles will be filled in 5 hours.

Indirect/Inverse – two variables, say x and y, varying such that as x increases, y decreases, or as x
decreases, y increases proportionally; that is, the product of x and y is always the same.
Example: • On increasing the number of workers to complete a work, the number of days to
complete the work will decrease.
• Example: On increasing the number of workers to complete a work, the number
of days to complete the work will decrease.
• On decreasing the speed of the car, the time needed to cover the same distance
will increase.

3. Partitive proportion – a whole is divided into more than two parts.

What’s more
Sometimes you will see the solution by just looking at the problem. It is still good to solve for the
solution by using the Fundamental Property of Proportions. Can you mentally calculate whether the
statements below are true of false by looking at their cross products:
1. 3/4= 9/12_____ 2. 5/7 =7/5 _______ 3. 4/12 =2/6______ 4. 5/8 = 8/9 ________;

What have I learned

I Can identify direct and inverse proportion
A. Directions: State whether each problem is an example of a direct or an inverse proportion.
1. Seven sign pens cost P574. How much will 2 dozens of sign pens cost?
2. If 153 rails, place end-to-end in a straight line, stretch to 680m, how far will 135 rails
stretch?
3. if 15 men can repair a road in 28 days, how long will 35 men take to do so?
4. If a quantity of rice will last 3 months for 210 men, how long will it last for 280 men?
5. A photograph of a bacteria enlarged 50 000 times attains a length of 5 cm, if the
photograph is enlarged 20 000 times only, what would be its enlarged length?

What I Can Do
Solve this simple proportions by thinking of them as equations. “The product of the means equals the
product of the extremes.” Here are some items which can be solved readily by equation the product of
the means to the product of the extremes
1. n/6= 10/3
2. 2/5= x/10
3. 7/x = 14/3
4. n/6 =6/n
5. 2/y = y/3
Assessment
Solve the following word problems by showing your solution at the back of page.
1. A car travels 120 miles in 3 hours (with a constant speed). How far will it take to travel 200 miles?
2. 50 apples cost Php 250. How much would 75 apples cost?
3. It takes Mike 18 minutes to finish reading 4 pages of a book. How long does it take for him to finish
reading 30 pages?
4. Nathan packs 25 boxes in 2 hours. How many boxes can he pack in his 8-hour shift?
5. 13 candy bars weigh 26 ounces. What is the weight of 35 candy bars?
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
National Capital Region
Division of City Schools - Las Piñas City

NAME: ___________________________________________ Score: ___________________

GRADE & SECTION __________________________ Teacher: ___________________
WORKSHEETS IN BUSINESS MATH – Quarter 1 Week 4

ACTIVITY 1
Answer the following: (Show your solution
1. Jessa buys three bananas for P25.00. How much does she have to pay for a dozen of
these bananas?

2. A typist can finish 4 pages in 6 minutes. How long will it take him to finish 18 pages?

3. A menu which serves 5 people requires 3 cups of flour. How many cups of flour are
needed for the menu to serve 20 people?

4. To finish a certain job in 8 days, 6 workers are needed. If it is required to finish the same
job in 2 days advance, how many workers have to work?

5. A supply of food lasts for a week for 20 families. How long would the supply last if
3 more families have to be supplied?

ACTIVITY 2
Use Proportions to Solve Word Problems
1. The ratio of number of boys to girls in a classroom is 6 to 5. If there are a total of 48 boys in the
classroom, find the number of girls in the classroom?

2. The ratio of the number of bar magnet to horse shoe magnet is 2 to 5. If there are 10 bar magnets,
find the number of horse shoe magnets?

3. On a desk, the ratio of HB pencils to 6B pencils is 3 to 4. If there are a total of 12 HB pencils, find
the number of 6B pencils on the desk?

4. The ratio of neutrons in the nucleus of atom A to atom B is 6 to 7. If there are 54 neutrons in the
nucleus of atom A, find the number of neutrons in the atom B?
5. The ratio of vowels present in two words is 3 to 5. If the first word contains 6 vowels, find the
number of vowels in the second word?

ACTIVITY 3
Answer the questions:
1. A factory manufactures cars and motorcycles in the ratio 13:20. If they make 910 cars in a
given period, how many motorcycles do they make in the same period?
2. In a school's library, there are 900 storybooks and 1500 textbooks. What is the ratio of the
storybooks to the textbooks in the library?
3. Two walls of a theater are to be painted. The first wall is of length 13 meters and height 10
meters. The cost of the paint for this wall is ₱25 per square meter. The second wall is of
length 17 meters and height 11 meters. The cost of the paint for this wall is ₱35 per
square meters. What is the ratio of the costs of painting the first wall to the second one?
4. Jovelyn and Divina started a competition to see who can collect the most number of stamps.
At the end of one month, the ratio of the stamps Jovelyn had to those Divina had was 39:44.
Divina then collected 420 stamps in one day and the ratio then became 39:58. How many
stamps does Jovelyn now have?
5. A team of three members won Php 30,000 in a contest and agreed to divide the prize in a ratio
1:2:3. How did the three members divide their winnings?