STABILIZER 2Э28M

SALIENT FEATURE
• 125MM SMOOTH BORE POWERFUL GUN CAPABLE OF

ATTAINING MUZZLE VELOCITY OF 1800 M/sec.

• 12.7 mm AAMG

• 7.62 mm CO-AXIAL MG

• GNR SIGHT IS INDEPENDENTLY STABILISED IN

VERTICAL PLANE & GUN IS STABILISED IN BOTH

PLANES.

• LRF

• COINCIDENCE FIRING SYSTEM IS PROVIDED IN THE

STAB MODE.
• AUTO RANGE CORRECTION THROUGH ðD
MECHANISM.
• BALLISTIC COMPENSATION PROVIDED i.e.
AUTOMATIC LAYING WITH BALLISTIC CHANGE.
• CDR,GNR&DVR’S PROVIDED WITH PASSIVE AND
ACTIVE NIGHT SIGHT.
• AUTOLOADER. ( i.e. ALG system )
• TURRET&GUN ARE DRIVEN HYDRAULICALLY
• ACTUATING CYLINDER FOR GUN ELEVATION:
PISTON MOVEABLE AND CYLINDER STATIONARY.
.TANK IS PROTECTED AGAINST NBC THREAT.
INTRODUCTION
GCE
Stabilizer 2Э28M is an electro hydraulic system
designed to increase efficiency of fire of the gun and
co-axial machine gun when the tank is on the move
and

to provide stabilization and smooth laying of the gun

and the machine gun in elevation and azimuth
SYSTEM-LAYOUT
This is electro hydraulic control system
which operates together with the sight having
stabilized line of sighting in elevation,
independent of gun.

Stabilizer consists of two electro hydraulic

servo power controls viz. Power Elevation
control & Power Traverse control.
 What is servo control ?
• Servo -a mechanism –an automatic device that uses error-
sensing negative feedback to correct the action ... by
sending the servo a PWM signal, a series of repeating
pulses of variable width where either the width of the pulse
or the duty cycle of a pulse train determines the position to
be achieved by the servo. 
• Servo control is the regulation of speed (velocity) &
position of a motors ( i.e 02x electro Hydraulic Power
Control ) based on a feedback signal or error-correction
signals help control mechanical position, speed, attitude or
any other measurable variables.
• The most basic servo loop is the speed loop. This produces
a torque command to minimize the error between speed
command and speed feedback.
COMPONENTS
Power Traverse (PT) control
consists of:
a) Pump With Driven Motor
b) High Torque Hydraulic motor
c) Second Distribution Box ( K2 Box )
d) Linear Acceleration Transmitter
(LAT)
e) Two Induction Sensors ( in ……)
f) Replenishing Tank Traverse (PTRT)
Power Elevation (PE) control
consists of:

a) Hydraulic Booster ( Elevation Control )

b) Actuating Cylinder (ACR)
c) Gun Setting Device (GSD)
d) Angle Limiter (AL)
e) Replenishing Tank Elevation ( PERT)
 COMPONENTS
COMMON ELEVATION/TRAVERSING
• CONVERTER
• FREQ STABILIZER
• CONTROL HANDLE ( i.e. TPDK Control Unit handle )
• KIM BOX
• GYRO UNIT
ELEVATION CHANNEL
• HYD BOOSTER
• ACTUATING CYL
• GUN SETTING DEVICE
• ANGLE LIMITER
• REPLENISHING TANK
TRAVERSING CHANNEL
• PUMP WITH DRIVE MOTOR
• HIGH-TORQUE HYD MOTOR
• SECOND DISTRIBUTION BOX (K2)
• LINEAR ACCELERATION TRANSMITTER
• TWO INDUCTION SENSOR
• TURRET TRAVERSING ELECTROMAGNET (TTEM)
• REPLENISHING TANK
DATA SUMMARY
 DATA SUMMARY:GCE
 
FIRE POWER:-

1. Gun model : 2A46

2. Caliber : 125 mm smooth bore
3. Amn loading : Automatic in two halves i.e., round
and charger
4. Type of Amn :Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot
(APDS)
: High Explosive Fragmentation (HEF)
: High Explosive Anti Tk (HEAT)
5. Muzzle velocity :APFSDS -1800m/sec
: HEAT - 905 m/sec
: HEF - 850 m/sec
6. No of rounds in Tank : 44 (22 in autoloader)
7. Time taken for filling of amn in tank : 30 min
8. Coaxial machine gun : 7.62 mm
9. Air defence machine gun : 12.7mm.
 10. Maximum range of aimed fire using range- finding sight

i) APFSDS..........................................................4000m
ii) HEAT..............................................................4000m
iii) HEF ...............................................................5000m

11. Maximum HEF range using elevation level.........10,000m

12. Normal length of recoil ..........................................270-325mm
13. Maximum length of recoil......................................340 mm
14. Recuperator capacity .............................................4.7 litres
15. Recoil brake capacity ..............................................7.3 litres
16. Pressure in recuperator..............................…........63-67 kgf/cmsq
FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM:-
1. Stabilized sight : Gnr sight independently stabilized (elev)
2. Gun stabilization : Both axis
3. Range finder : LRF integrated with sight
4. Ballistic compensation : Automatic
5. Selection /accounting of amn: through memory unit
6. Coincidence firing : Available
7. Accuracy of sight stabilizer : 0.5 mil
8. Accuracy of gun stabilizer : 0.8 mil
9. Accuracy of turret stabilizer : 2.0 mil
10. Fire accuracy on move : 2.0 mil
11. Max rate of fire : 8 rds / min (with auto loader)
:1-2 rds/min (with manual loading)
12. Max angle of elevation :Manual - 15º
Power- 13º 45’
13. Max angle of depression :Manual-7º
Power - 6º 15’
14. Speed of laying (stab)
i) Elevation : 0.05º /sec to 3.5º/sec
ii) Traverse : 0.07º/ sec to 6º/sec
iii) Traverse by Cdr : 20º/ sec
15. Speed of laying (non stab)
i) Traverse : 0.3º / sec to 6º/sec
ii) Rapid transfer or overrun speed :20º /sec
16. Time required to prepare stabilizer for operation : 2min
17. Time for continuous operation : 4 hours.
18. Guaranteed time of operation : 250 hrs.
19. Power consumed : 3.5 KW
20. Output : 3 phase, 40 v, 500 HZ
21. Loading angle : 4.5 º
22. Turret & elevation drive : Hydraulic
23. Dvr over-riding facility : In azimuth (anti- clockwise)
24. Power source : 4 sec Btys , 12 V connected in Series,
Parallel combination to give 24 V DC.
25. Ambient temp of operation : 40 to 50 C
26. Oil used in stabilizer hydraulic
system............... : OM-15

SIGHTING SYSTEM:-
 
1. Range finder sight : Monocular stereoscopic with independent stab
field of view in vertical plane
2. Night vision device monocular : Electro-optical, Monocular, Periscope
3. Optical vision device
(i) Tank Cdr’s periscope : Prismatic
(ii) Dvr’s periscope : Prismatic with temp regulator.
(iii) Auxiliary prismatic device : 5 (two for dvr two for cdr and one for
gnr)
  
4. IR Device
(i) Tank Cdr’s :combination (night and day light vision)
Electro-optical, binocular,Periscopic.
(ii) Dvr’s : Electro-optical binocular periscope

(iii) Dvr has got active and passive IR device for night vision.
(iv) Gunner has active IR device.

5. Navigation Equipment :Command tank fitted with KVADRAT

navigation system TH-3. Other tanks are fitted with GDI
GPK- 59
PURPOSE
 PURPOSE OF STABILIZER 2Э 28 M

1. AUTO HOLDING OF THE GUN & M/G GUN AT THE GIVEN ELEVATION AND
AZIMUTH ANGLES DURING VEH MOVEMENT.

2. LAYING OF THE STABILIZED GUN AND M/G IN ELEVATION AND AZIMUTH

ALONG WITH SMOOTH CONTROL OF THE LAYING RATE .

3. LAYING OF THE NON-STABILIZED GUN IN AZIMUTH.

4. TARGET DESIGNATION BY TURRET TRAVERSING FROM THE

COMMANDER TO THE GUNNER.

5. EMERGENCY TURRET TRAVERSE BY THE DRIVER.

6. CO – INCIDENCE FIRING FACILITY.

7. BRINGING THE GUN TO THE LOADING ANGLE AND THEN

AUTOMATICALLY TAKING THE GUN BACK TO THE FIRING ANGLE.
Freq Stabiliser Unit
Pump With Drive Motor
( PWDM)
GYRO UNIT
Hydraulic Booster
High Torque Hydraulic Motor
Second distribution Box ( K2 )
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
 LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION AND GENERAL FUNCTION OF
VARIOUS SUB ASSEMBLIES OF STABILIZER 2Э28M

GENERAL
• MANUAL ELEVATING MECHANISM:- PROVIDE FOR MANUAL ELEVATION OF
THE GUN. IT ALSO HOUSES A FIRING SWITCH FOR THE GUN.
• TURRET LOCK:- PROVIDED FOR MECHANICALLY LOCKING THE TURRET.
HOUSES MICRO SWITCH WHICH PREVENTS THE STABILIZER FROM SWITCHING
ON IF THE MECHANICAL LOCK IS IN.
• TURRET TRAVERSING MECHANISM:- FOR MECHANICAL TRAVERSING OF
THE TURRET.
• CDR CCT BREAKER PANEL:- IT IS LOCATED ON RT HAND SIDE OF CDR. IT
CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING:-
(i) CCT BREAKERS - `10’
(ii) PRESS BUTTON FOR EMERGENCY ENGINE CUT OFF
(iii) DRIVER CALL BUTTON
(iv) A GUARDED BUTTON FOR FIRE FIGHTING IN FIGHTING
COMPARTMENT.
 LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION AND GENERAL FUNCTION OF
VARIOUS SUB ASSEMBLIES OF STABILIZER 2Э28M
• “GNR” CCT BREAKER PANEL:- IT IS LOCATED ON THE LT HAND
SIDE OF “GNR”. IT CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING:-
(i) CCT BREAKERS 10
(ii) GUARDED BUTTON FOR FIRE FIGHTING
(iii) RED COLOUR INDICATION BULB FOR BLOWER ON.
(iv) BLOWER START BUTTON.
(v) BLOWER STOP BUTTON.

• RANGE FINDING SIGHT TPDK-1:- THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT

UNIT WHICH HOUSES THE COMBINED SIGHT AND RANGE FINDING
UNIT. SINCE THIS UNIT IS STABILIZED INDEPENDENTLY OF THE GUN, IT
HOUSES THE ELEV GYRO SENSOR WHICH ALSO STABILIZES THE GUN .
• SIGHT ELECTRIC UNIT :- IT CONTAINS RELAY OF ðD MECHANISM,
TWO RELAYS OF ELEVATION CORRECTION MECHANISM AND FIRING
CCT RELAY.
 LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION AND GENERAL FUNCTION OF
VARIOUS SUB ASSEMBLIES OF STABILIZER 2Э28M

COMMON
(o) CONVERTER:- CONVERTS 24 DC TO AC 40V, 3 PHASE 500HZ SUPPLY FOR
THE STABILIZER SYSTEM.MOUNTED AT THE FRONT (UNDER THE GUN) ON
THE BRACKET SECURED TO THE TURRET RACE.
• FREQUENCY STABILIZER:- IT CONSISTS OF TWO NETWORK RESONANT
AT 450HZ AND 550HZ. PROVIDES ACCURATE CONTROL OF THE FREQUENCY
AT 500HZ.LOCATED IN THE FRONT RIGHT PART OF TURRET.
• DISTRIBUTION BOX K1-M:- THIS HOUSES ALL THE ELECTRONIC
ELEMENTS OF THE STABILIZER SYSTEM. MOUNTED BEHIND CDRS SEAT.
THE MAIN ELEMENTS ARE :-
(i) RELAYS – 18 (NOS)
(ii) ELECTRONIC AMPLIFIERS FOR TRAVERSE AND ELEVATION.
(iii) STATIC ERROR COMPENSATOR (KP SENSOR) WITH DRIVE
MOTOR AND REDUCTION UNITS.
(iv) ADJUSTMENT POTENTIOMETER – 08
(v) FUSES INVOLVED AT VARIOUS STAGES -05
 LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION AND GENERAL FUNCTION OF
VARIOUS SUB ASSEMBLIES OF STABILIZER 2Э28M

COMMON
• POWER ELEVATION AND TRAVERSE CONTROL UNIT:- IT IS THE
CONTROLLER WITH WHICH THE GUNNER CONTROLS THE
MOVEMENTS OF THE TURRET, GUN AND FIRING CCTS OF THE
COAXIAL MACHINE GUN AND THE MAIN GUN. IT CONSISTS OF THE
LEFT AND RIGHT HANDLES. THEY CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING
MAIN ELEMENTS

(i) LEFT CONTROL HANDLE:- FIRING SWITCH FOR THE

COAXIAL MACHINE GUN AND RANGE RESETTING SWITCH.

(ii) RIGHT CONTROL HANDLE:- FIRING SWITCH FOR THE

MAIN GUN AND RANGING ELECTRIC SWITCH.
 LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION AND GENERAL FUNCTION OF
VARIOUS SUB ASSEMBLIES OF STABILIZER 2Э28M

COMMON
• GYRO BLOCK:- THIS UNIT MAINLY CONSISTS OF :-
(i) TRAVERS ANGLE SENSOR (3D TRAVERS GYRO) FOR
STABILIZATION OF THE TURRET AND ACTS AS ERROR
DETECTOR IN STAB MODE.
(ii) ELEVATION SPEED SENSOR (2D GYRO) ELIMINATES
THE DELAY WHICH COULD BE INTRODUCED DUE TO MOVING
OF THE GUN WHICH IS HEAVY. IT IMPROVES THE STABILITY
OF THE SYSTEM BY NEGATIVE FEEDBACK.
(iii) TRAVERSE SPEED SENSOR (2D GYRO) SAME AS ABOVE
BUT PROVIDED FOR TURRET TRAVERSE.
 LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION AND GENERAL FUNCTION OF
VARIOUS SUB ASSEMBLIES OF STABILIZER 2Э28M

ELEVATION
ELEVATION CHANNEL

• HYDRAULIC BOOSTER :- THIS UNIT ALONGWITH THE ELECTRIC DRIVE

MOTOR FORMS THE POWER SOURCE OF THE GUN HYDRAULIC DRIVE
SYSTEM. THE DRIVE ELECTRIC MOTOR IS LOCATED ALONGWITH THE
BOOSTER. THE ELECTRIC ERROR SIGNALS ARE CONVERTED IN TO
HYDRAULIC PRESSURE BOOSTER AND FED TO THE ACTUATING CYLINDER
FOR ELEVATING / DEPRESSING THE GUN. MOUNTED ON THE GUN GUARD
UNDER THE GUN.
ELEVATION CHANNEL
• ACTUATING CYLINDER:- THIS IS THE HYDRAULIC
CYLINDER WITH A PISTON, WITH ONE END ATTACHED TO THE
TURRET ROOF AND THE OTHER TO THE GUN. DEPENDING
UPON THE PRESSURE DEVELOPED IN THE HYDRAULIC
BOOSTER, IT MOVES THE GUN UP OR DOWN. MOUNTED TO
THE LEFT OF THE GUN & IN FRONT OF THE SIGHT.
• POWER ELEVATION REPLENISHING TANK:- FOR
REPLENISHING THE ELEVATION HYDRAULIC SYSTEM ALONG
WITH THE INDICATOR. SECURED TO THE FRONT RH PORTION
OF THE ROOF.
 LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION AND GENERAL FUNCTION OF
VARIOUS SUB ASSEMBLIES OF STABILIZER 2Э28M

ELEVATION CHANNEL
• ANGLE LIMITER:- LIMITS THE MOVEMENT OF THE GUN AT
THE EXTREME ENDS BY DISCONNECTING THE POWER
AMPLIFIER. MOUNTED TO THE LEFT OF THE GUN. HAS 2
MICRO SWITCHES.
• GUN SETTING DEVICE:- ACTUATES THE STABILIZER
SYSTEM TO BRING THE GUN TO THE LOADING ANGLE, FOR
THE AUTO LOADER TO CARRYOUT THE LOADING
OPERATION. MOUNTED TO THE LEFT OF THE GUN. THREE
MAIN FN ARE :-
BRINGING THE GUN TO LOADING ANGLE.
RETAINING THE GUN AT LOADING ANGLE DURING LOADING
BRINGING THE GUN TO LOS AFTER LOADING
 LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION AND GENERAL FUNCTION OF
VARIOUS SUB ASSEMBLIES OF STABILIZER 2Э28M

TRAVERSE CHANNEL
• SECOND DISTRIBUTION BOX K2:- THIS CONSISTS OF A PIG IRON REHOSTAT K2
R1 WHICH IS IN THE STARTING CCT OF THE TRAVERSE ELECTRIC MOTOR. IT
ALSO HOUSES TWO RELAYS K2 P1 & K2 P2.
• PUMP WITH DRIVE MOTOR OR TRAVERSE HYDRAULIC AMPLIFIER
CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING:-
(i) ELECTRIC DRIVE MOTOR MECHANICALLY CONNECTED TO
HYDRAULIC PUMPS FOR TRAVERSING HYDRAULIC SYSTEM.
(ii) CONTROL ELECTROMAGNET – CONSISTS OF ONE ROTOR AND 4
STARTER WINDINGS VIZ OC1 & OC2 FOR NON STAB OPERATION, OC3 & OC4
FOR STAB OPERATION.
(iii) VARIABLE DISCHARGE PUMP – PROVIDES TO HIGH TORQUE
MOTOR.
(iv) CONSTANT DISCHARGE PUMP – PROVIDES CONSTANT PRESSURE TO
ROCKER ARM.
(v) PRESSURE SENSORS – PROVIDES NEGATIVE FEED BACK TO THE
SYSTEM.
(vi) IT ALSO HOUSES FEED BACK AND FIXED POTENTIOMETER.
 LOCATION, IDENTIFICATION AND GENERAL FUNCTION OF
VARIOUS SUB ASSEMBLIES OF STABILIZER 2Э28M

TRAVERSE CHANNEL
• HIGH TORQUE HYDRAULIC MOTOR:- HYDRAULIC MOTOR WHICH
DEVELOPS HIGH TORQUE FOR TRAVERSING OF THE TURRET AT HIGH
SPEEDS. IT IS MECHANICALLY CONNECTED TO TURRET GEAR
MECHANISM. THERE IS A CYLINDER AND “ELEVEN” PISTONS
OPERATING, “FIVE” PISTONS FOR ONE CHANNEL AND “SIX” PISTONS
FOR THE OTHER CHANNEL.
• LINEAR ACCELERATION SENSOR (LAS):- DUE TO VARIABLE
THICKNESS OF TURRET, WT OF TURRET SHIFTS AS THE TURRET
TRAVERSES AND SOME OSCILLATIONS DEVELOPED. LAS
COMPENSATES THE MOVE OF THE TURRET WITH AN ERROR SIGNAL
PROPORTIONAL TO THE ACCELERATION OF TURRET.. MOUNTED ON
TURRET ROOF IN FRONT OF CDR.
MODES OF OPERATION
 MODES OF OPERATION
• MANUAL LAYING MODE :- THIS MODE IS USED TO FIRE
FROM A STATIONARY POSITION AND IS AFFECTED BY
MANUALLY TURNING THE ELEVATING AND TRAVERSING
HAND WHEEL. THIS MODE IS ALSO USED IN CASE STABILIZER
FAILS AND DURING REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE.
• SEMI AUTOMATIC MODE :- MANUAL GUN ELEVATION
AND SEMI AUTOMATIC TURRET TRAVERSE. THIS IS NOT THE
PRINCIPAL MODE OF OPERATION AND IS USED TO
FIREFROM A STATIONARY POSITION OR WHEN THE
STABILIZER FAILS.
 MODES OF OPERATION
• STABILIZED OBSERVATION MODE :-
IN THIS MODE, IT IS POSSIBLE TO USE RANGE
FINDER SIGHT FOR OBSERVATION, WITH THE
FIELD OF VIEW STABILIZED IN ELEVATION AND
WITH NON STAB TRAVERSE IN USE. IN THIS CASE
GUN IS NOT STABILIZED. THE STABILIZATION OF
SIGHT IS PROVIDED BY A 3-D GYRO UNIT
LOCATED IN THE SIGHT UNIT TPDK1.
 MODES OF OPERATION
• AUTOMATIC MODE :-
IN THIS MODE OF OPERATION, THE GUN AND THE COAXIAL
MACHINE GUN ARE STABILIZED THROUGH ELECTRONIC
AMPLIFIER. THIS IS THE PRINCIPAL MODE OF OPERATION AND
IS EXTENSIVELY USED WHILE FIRING ON THE MOVE.

• COMMANDER’S TARGET DESIGNATION MODE:-

THIS MODE IS USED TO TRAVERSE THE GUN AT THE THROW
OVER SPEED, WITH THE STABILIZER ENGAGED IN THE
AUTOMATIC OR SEMI AUTOMATIC MODE TO INDICATE TGT TO
THE GNR BY THE CDR.
 MODES OF OPERATION
DRIVER’S EMERGENCY TURRET TRAVERSE :- THIS MODE IS ALSO
TERMED AS DRIVER’S OVER-RIDE. EXERCISED BY THE DRIVER
TO LET HIM ESCAPE THROUGH HIS HATCH IN EMERGENCY
CASES. THIS MODE IS POSSIBLE WITH THE DRIVER’S HATCH
CLOSED, TURRET UNLOCKED AND WITH THE STABILIZER
SWITCHED ON OR EVEN OFF. THE DRIVER CAN TRAVERSE THE
TURRET BY PRESSING DRIVER’S EMERGENCY SWITCH. THE
TURRET WILL ROTATE ANTI-CLOCKWISE AT THROW OVER
SPEED IRRESPECTIVE OF THE OPERATING MODE. TO STOP THE
TURRET, RELEASE THE SWITCH AND TURRET TRAV CONTROL IS
RETURNED TO THE GNR
 COMPENSATOR GUN
CONTROL
UNIT SETTING
DEVICE

ROT-TR AMPLIFIER
POWER COMPENSATOR HYDRAULIC ACTUATING
ROTOR
CONTACTS ELEVATION HYD CYLINDER GUN
ELEV BOOSTER
ANGLE BOOSTER
TRANS ROT-TR
METER STATOR

POWER
ELEV ROT -TR
SPEED
TRANS
DEFLECTION DUE TO CONTROL HANDLE
METER
DEFLECTION DUE TO TANK MOVEMENT

POWER ELEVATION CONTROL BLOCK DIAGRAM

 DEFLECTION DUE TO CONTROL HANDLE
CONTROL
DEFLECTION DUE TO TANK MOVEMENT
UNIT

CIRCUIT SHOWN IN DOTTED

OPERATION IN
SEMIAUTOMATIC MODE
FEEDBACK
VIBRO-
ANGLE POTENTIO IS IS
AMPLIFIER
TRANS ROT- METER
METER TR

HIGH-
CRADLE PUMP REDUC-
AMPLIFIER TORQUE
CONTROL CRADLE TION TURRET
SPEEDO TRAV HYD
MECHANI GEAR
TRANS SM MOTOR
METER ROT-
GYRO TR
TECHO
METER
LAT

EXTERNAL
POWER TRAVERSE CONTROL – BLOCK DIAGRAM
DISTURBANCE
 26Volt CONV SWITCH ON

K1P11 ENERGISE CONV LAMP ON

K1P13 ENERGISE

CONV MOTOR START GROUND PATH CUT OFF

OF CON FD WINDING

40V, 500HZ, 3PHASE

(REGULATOR BY FREQUENCY REGULATOR)

NON STAB :-

+ 26Volt CONV SWITCH ON K1P11 ENERGISE

K1P13 ENERGISE CONV LAMP ON TMCP2, TMCP3 ENERGISE GHR2 (TURRET)

TMCP1, TMCP3 ENERGISE K1P7, 01 WINDING

K2P2 ENERGISE
TMCP3 DE-ENERGISE +26V, OC1 & OC2 AND ROTOR

TURRET HYD MOTOR START K2P1 ENERGISE

 FEED BACK OF NON STAB :-
(1) NON STAB PRESSURE SENSOR K1P29 K1P15 CONTACT RC COUPLED AMP

PSD K1P7, 03 & 04 WINDING OC1 & OC2 PW ON

(2) K1TP1S5 TRANSFORMER K1R13 POTENTIO K1R50 K1P15 (CONTACT

METER

RC COUPLED AMP PSD K1P7, 03 & 04 WINDING OC1 & OC2 WINDING HYD MOTOR

(3) 02 WINDING OF K1P7

OPPOSITE DESIGNED WRT 01 WINDING OF K1P7

OBSERVATION MODE :-
26 VOLTS SUPPLY

CONV SW ON UNLOCK THE GYRO LEVER (ON SIGHT)

GYRO UNLOCK LAMP GLOW GHR1 POT (ELEV)

STAB MODE:-
+26VOLT UNLOCK SIGHT ARRESTOR LEVER (UNLOCK 3°GYRO)

GYRO UNLOCK LAMP GLOW ELEV POT GHRI SUPPLY EXTEND TO

STAB SW

WHEN PULL OUT THE STAB CHANGER OVER LEVER

MOSW2 MICRO SW OP

K1P12 ENERGISE

HYD LOCK EM1, EM2 ENERGISE GUN HYD MOTOR START +26V, 2° GYRO,3 °GYRO EM(ELEV
EM, TRAV EM) 2°GYRO TRAV, LAS
WHEN PUT THE STAB/MANUAL CHANGE OVER LEVER DAMPER
AT 9`O’ CLOCK POSN

MOSW1 MICRO SW OP

+26V SUPPLY
EXTENDED
K1P5 ENERGISE K1P15 ENERGISE

K1P3 K1P9 K1P14 K1P20 K1P6 K1P10

TRAV CHANNEL:-

+27VOLT FROM GHR3 (TRAV POT) EM3A ENERGISE (LT SIDE) OR EM3B ENERGISE (RT SIDE)

GRID OF V1 (RC COUPLE AMP) PSD POWER AMP OC3 & OC4 WINDING OF PWDM

HYD DRIVE MOTOR TURRET

ELEV CHANNEL:-

+27VOLT GHR1 (ELEV POT) ELEV EM OR DEP EM INNER GIMBLE OF 3° & 2° GYRO

THROUGH K1P10 CONTACT THROUGH K1P3 CONTACT GRID OF V5 RC COUPLE AMP

PSD POWER AMP CONTROL EM OF HYD BOOSTER HYD BOOSTER GUN

FEED BACK AUTO MODE:-

LAS K1R2(POT) K1R10 CATHODE OF RC (V1)

2° GYRO TRAV:-

TURRET TRAV 2° INNER GIMBLE EXPERIENCES TORQUE SECONDARY OF MICROSYN

K1R20 GRID OF V1. PRESSURE SENSOR K1R30 K1P15 CONTACT GRID OF V1

COMMANDER OVER RIDE :-
26 VOLTS SUPPLY

PRESS LEFT SW PRESS RT THUMB SW (TKN-3)

K1P1 ENERGISE TLEM1 ENERGISE

K1P7, 01 WINDING ENERGISE OVER RIDE LAMP L4 GLOW

DRIVER OVER RIDE :-

26 VOLTS SUPPLY

PRESS DVR EMERGENCY SW

K1P2 ENERGISE

K1P1 ENERGISE OVER RIDE LAMP GLOW

K1P7, 01 WINDING

OC1 & OC2 OF HYD MOTOR

DRIVE MOTOR :- THIS IS A SERIES WOUND MOTOR TO DRIVE THE CONSTANT
DISCHARGE PUMP. IT HAS VERY SMOOTH CHARACTERISTICS. THE
SALIENT FEATURES ARE :-

(a) POWER : 1 KW

(b) NOMINAL VOLTAGE : 26 V

(c) NOMINAL CURRENT : 6.2 AMP

(d) NOMINAL TORQUE : 0.5 KG-M

(e) NOMINAL RPM : 1700 – 2200 RPM

HIGH TORQUE HYDRAULIC MOTOR :-
IT IS A HYDRAULIC MOTOR OF ROTARY TYPE. IT HAS A PROFILED STATOR MOUNTED ON
THE HULL OF THE TANK. THE MOTOR HAS (11) PISTONS AND DISTRIBUTOR. EACH
PISTON IS MOUNTED ON THE BEARINGS WHICH ARE TOUCHING THE PROFILE OF THE
STATOR (I.E. THE BODY OF THE MOTOR). WHEN THE PISTON MOVES UP, THE BEARINGS
EXERT A PRESSURE ON THE STATOR PROFILE (23), BUT SINCE THE STATOR (23) IS FIXED,
THE MOTOR ON WHICH THE PISTONS ARE MOUNTED MOVES TO ONE SIDE WITH GREAT
FORCE. THUS BY GIVING HIGH PRESSURE OIL TO A SET OF PARTICULAR PISTONS (OUT
OF 11 PISTONS) AND BY SUCKING OIL FROM REST OF THE PISTONS. WHEN THEY REACH
AT A PARTICULAR PISTONS ON THE STATOR PROFILE. THUS WE CAN ACHIEVE THE
ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT OF THE ROTOR. THE DISTRIBUTOR DOES THE JOB OF
SENDING LIQUID TO PISTONS IN ACCORDANCE TO THEIR PISTONS RELATIVE TO THE
PROFILE OF THE STATOR. THE ROTOR OF THE MOTOR IS ATTACHED TO THE TURRET
THROUGH A REDUCTION GEAR MECHANISM HAVING A REDUCTION RATIO OF 1:18.

SIGHT ARRESTOR:-
IT LOCKS/RELEASES THE MECHANICAL LOCK OF THE ELEVATION GYRO SENSOR. THIS
IS LOCATED ON THE LHS OF THE BODY OF THE D-2-29 UNIT. THIS IS TO BE RELEASED
UNLOCKED FOR THE OPERATION OF THE SENSOR.
(v) TARGET DESIGNATION BUTTON:-
THIS IS THE PRESSEL 1 SWITCH ON THE LT HANDLE OF THE CDR& SIGHT. THIS
OVER – RIDES THE CONTROL OF THE TURRET BY THE GUNNER AND MOVES
THE TURRET AT MAX SPEED TO THE LOS OF THE CDR (THE TURRET IS MOVED
TO ALIGN THE GUN TO THE DIRECTION AS DESIRED BY THE CDR).
(w) CORDON GEAR EM BUTTON:-
THROUGH A CLUTCH MECHANISM CONNECTS THE CDR HATCH WITH
RESPECT TO PREVENT ITS MOVE IN THE TARGET DESIGNATION MODE (e.i.
WHEN THE TURRET MOVES TO THE DIRECTION WANTED BY THE CDR).
(x) CDR CUPOLA DRIVE CORDON GEAR:-
THIS TRANSFERS THE MOVEMENT OF CDR CUPOLA TO THE CORDON GEAR EM
AND THE CLUTCH WHICH LOCKS THE CUPOLA WITH RESPECTS TO THE HULL.
(y) CORDON GEAR EM:-
ELECTROMAGNET WITH LOCKS THE CDR CUPOLA TO THE HALL DURING
TARGET DESIGNATION BY COMMANDER.
(z) TARGET DESIGNATION DEVICE:-
THIS HAS MECHANICAL SWITCHES TO INDICATE THE TURRET, WHICH
OPERATES WHENEVER THE GNR AND CDR ARE VIEWING IN DIFFERENT
DIRECTIONS.
SIGHT CONTROLS
(ab) (ad) EYE PIECE HEATER SWITCH (11):- IT IS DESIGNED TO SWITCH ON THE
ELECTRIC HEATER OF THE EYE PIECE IN CASE THEY ARE FOGGED ONCE THE
SWITCH IS SWITCHED ON, INDICATOR 10 GLOWS.
(ae) WARNING LAMP UNIT:- IT HOUSES `6’ PILOT LIGHTS DESIGNATED CDR, REDDY,
PWR CONTR, STABIL, UNLD AND ÓD COMES ON, ONCE THE TANK
(i) LIGHT “CDR” COMES ON, ONCE THE TANK COMMANDER ASSUMES THE
CONTROL OF THE TURRET TRAV.
(ii) LIGHT “READY” COMES ON, WHEN THE GUN IS LOADED AND READY
TO FIRE.
(iii) LIGHT “POWER CONTROL” COMES ON, WHEN SW POWER CONTROL IS
SWITCHED ON.
(iv) LIGHT “STABIL” COMES ON, WHEN SW STABILIZER IS TURNED ON.
(v) LIGHT “UNLD” COMES ON, WHEN SIGHT GYRO IS UN LOCKED.
(vi) LIGHT ‘ÓD’ COMES ON, WHEN MECHANISM ‘ÓD’ IS SWITCHES ON.
(vii) LOCATED UNDER THE COVER OF THE SIGNALING UNIT OR
WARNING LAMP UNIT, ARE TWO SAFETY FUSES; (20 AMP FUSE AND 5 AMP FUSE).
THESE FUSES ARE FOR CORRECTIVE, DEVICE SIGHT GYRO.
 (af) GYRO UNLOCK LEVER (1) (FIG –16):- IS USED TO UNLOCK THE SIGHT GYRO
WHEN THIS LEVER IS MOVED DOWN, SIGHT GYRO IS UNLOCKED
MECHANICALLY.
(ag) HIGHT VERTICAL ADJUSTMENT FORX(2) AND LATERAL ADJUSTMENT FORX(3):-
ARE DESIGNED TO ENSURE ALIGNMENT OF THE ZERO SIGHTING LINE WITH THE
BORE LINE.
(ah) GRATICULE ILLUMINATION SWITCH(5):- IS USED TO TURN ON THE ILLUMINATION
OF THE RETICLE, INDEX AND SCALE IN DUSK AND AT NIGHT.
(aj) CONTROL HANDLES LT & RT(2) AND (7) FIG-17 :- ARE USED FOR LAYING THE
SIGHTING LINE (AND CONSEQUENTLY, THE GUN), USING THE POWER ELEVATION
AND TRAVERSE.
(ak) RANGE FINDING ELECTRIC CONTROL BUTTONS (3) AND (6) :- USED FOR FINDING
THE RANGE I.E. FOR RANGE SCALE MOVEMENT TOWARDS LT AND RT IS EFFECTED BY
THESE BUTTON.
(al) RANGE FINDING MANUAL CONTROL KNOB(5):- IS USED FOR FINDING THE RANGE
AND SETTING THE ELEVATION THROUGH MANUAL CONTROL.
(am) MAIN AND MACHINE GUN FIRING BUTTON (4) AND (8):- THE MAIN GUN IS FIRED
BY PRESSING BUTTON (4) (RT CONTROL HANDLE) AND THE MACHINE GUN IS FIRED
BY PRESSING BUTTON (8) (LT CONTROL HANDLE).
(an) DECICATOR:- A DECICATOR LOCATED ON THE RT SIDE OF THE RANGE FINDING
SIGHT BODY, SERVES TO DRY THE OPTICAL PARTS OF THE RANGE FINDING SIGHT AND
THUS PREVENT THEM FROM SWEATING.
FRONT PANEL CONTROL:- THE BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF
THE FRONT PANEL CONTROLS IS GIVEN AS UNDER:-

(a) BALLISTIC SELECTOR SWITCH:-

IT IS USED TO SHIFT THE BALLISTIC COME ACCORDING TO THE

SELECTED TYPE OF SHELL THE SWITCHES HAS THREE POSITION
MARKED AS HPDS.
HEAT/MG AND HEF. THE BALLISTIC CHANGE OVER IS EFFECTED
AUTOMATICALLY DURING AUTOMATIC LOADING OR MANUALLY IN
OTHER CASES. THE BALLISTIC SELECTOR SW POSITION INDICATE BY
PILOT LIGHTS(6),(5) AND (4) FOR APDS, HEF AND HEAT/MG
RESPECTIVELY.

(b) FILTER CONTROL LEVER:-

IT SERVES TO CHANGE THE INTENSITY OF ILLUMI-NATION AND TO

PROVIDE BETTER CONTRAST, WHEN THE TERRAIN OBSERVED THROUGH
THE SIGHT IS INTENSELY ILLUMINATED.
(c) TARGET IMAGE VERTICAL UNMATCHING LEYER-14 :- IS USED TO
ACTUATE THE TARGET IMAGE VERTICAL HAVING MECHANISM DESIGNED
TO PRODUCE THE IMAGE ON THE TARGET IN THE UPER AND LOWER
HALVES OF THE FIELD OF VIEW, WHEN THE RANGE IS MEASURED BY THE
IMAGE VERTICAL UNMEATING METHOD WITH THE MECHANISM IN THE
INITIAL POSITION. THE INDEXES ON THE LEVER (14) AND ON THE BASE OF
THE MECHANISM ARE ALIGNED. WHEN THE LEVER IS TURNED
CLOCKWISE, PROVISION IS MADE FOR SIX FIXED POSITIONS, EACH OF
WHICH SPECIFIES THE IMAGE VERTICAL UNMATCHING VALVE
(DEPENDING ON THE TARGET SIZE AND TARGET RANGE).
(d) RANGE FINDING VERTICAL CALIBRATING KNOB:- IS USED TO ALIGN THE
IMAGE OF THE OBJECT OBSERVED IN THE UPPER AND LOWER HALVES OF
THE FIELD OF VIEW OF THE RIGHT EYE PIECE, WHEN THESE HALVES ARE
UNMATCHING VALVE (DEPENDING ON THE TARGET SIZE AND TARGET
RANGE).
(e) RANGE CALIBRATING MECHANISM –15 :- IS USED FOR RANGE
CALIBRATION OF THE RANGE FINDER, AFTER THE SIGHT IS REPAIRED
(ON) REPLACED IN CASE THE RANGE FINDER IS READJUSTED WHILE
ZEROING OR ONCE THE GUNNER IS REPLACED.
(f) EYE PIECE ADOPTER ADJUSTMENT KNOBS (2) & (96) :- PERMIT THE
GUNNER TO HAVE A DESTINED IMAGE OF THE TERRAIN FEATURES AND
RETICLES.
(g) RT HAND EYE PIECE RETAINER HANDLE (8) :- IS USED BY THE GNR TO
LOCK THE RT EYE PIECE UPON ADJUSTMENT OF THE EYE PIECE TO
MATCH THE INTER PUPILARY DISTANCE.
(h) HEAD REST CLAMPING HANDLE (3) :- IT DETAINS THE HEAD REST IN THE
POSITION CONVENIENT FOR OBSERVING THROUGH THE EYE PIECE.
(j) POWER CONTROL/ON SWITCH :- LOCATED AS THE RT MOST SWITCH (OUT
OF THREE TOGGLE SWITCHES PROVIDED BELOW THE RANGE EYE
PIECE). WHEN SWITCHED ON, A GREEN INDICATOR LAMP GLOWS IT
EXTENDED SUPPLY TO THE CONVERTER, ALL TYPES OF GYROS VALVES
FILAMENTS AND SENSORS.
(k) SWITCH STABILIZER :- IT IS THE MIDDLE ONE OF THE THREE SW. WHEN
SW ON, GREEN INDICATOR GLOWS. IT CUTS IN THE WEAPONS STABILIZER
AND TURRET POWER TRAVERSE IN THE AUTOMATIC MODE.
(l) D SWITCH:- IT IS THE LEFT SWITCH (OF THE THREE SW) WHEN SW ON A
RED INDICATOR GLOWS AND IS USED TO ENGAGE THE TANK MOVEMENT
LEAD INPUT MECHANISM.
 GUN HYDRAULIC DRIVE :-

THE GUN HYDRAULIC DRIVE CONSISTS OF FOLLOWING MAIN ELEMENTS :-

(a) DRIVE MOTOR

(b) CONSTANT DISCHARGE PUMP.

(c) CONTROL ELECTROMAGNET OF HYDRAULIC AMPLIFIER.

(d) HYDRAULIC REGULATOR OR SLIDE VALVE.

(e) ACTUATING CYLINDER.

(f) REPLENISHING TANK.

• Hyd Booster:
• Its pump , control unit, Filter Nozzle & Motor .
• Pump shaft imparted through motor shaft through
key joint
• Filter for cl.............. .. wf...................
• Wf being forced by pump and supplied to F
through pipe line and from f its supplied to control
unit yhrough another pipe lie
• Wf from C ..... To ACR through one of the
opening port
• HYB mtd on the lower plate of gun guard under
the gun. under the gun guard i.e
• GSD
• Electro mech device for setting gun at .
LA ..............and retaining it at the same angle
during loading .....
• It has 2 slip rings and contact brushes pre installed
in it.
• It connected to GUN via gear and sector
mechanism ( Arc ) , which transmits the oscillation
of gun to slip rings .
• Slip rings provide electrical sigal to pwr amp for
setting gun at LA and retaining at the same angle
during loading of ..
Units common to both PE and PT
control system:

a) First Distribution Box ( K1 Box )

b) Gyro Unit
c) Converter
d) Frequency Stabilizer
 Control Box
Compensator

ROT. Gun Setting

TR
Device
ROT Compensator
PE Angle
ROT. contacts
TX
TR
STA

Hyd Actuating
GUN
Amp.Ele Booster Cylinder

PE GYRO Rot.
Tachometer Tr.

FUNCTIONL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF POWER ELEVATION DRIVE

 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF POWER TRAVERSE DRIVE

IS

IS

Control Device

Vibro Feedback
Amplifier Pot-meter

PUMP
Angle Limiter
Control
Amplifier Cradle Pump High Torque Redn
Traverse Mechanism Cradle Hyd Motor Gear

Speed Tx
Gyro Tachometer

Turret

Liner Accln
Transmitter

Hydraulic fluid path

Electrical signal path External Disturbance
 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

1. Rate of Gun laying Elevation Traverse

a) Auto-mode Min 0.05º/sec 0.07º/sec
Max 3.5º/sec 6.0 º/sec
Throw-over ---- 18.0º/sec
b)Semi-Auto mode Min ---- 0.3º/sec
Max ---- 20.0 º/sec

2. Preparation time : 2 minutes

3. Max continuous operation: 4 hours (no limitation

during combat operation)
4. Life of Stabilizer : 425 hours

5. Operating Temp range : -40ºC to +50ºC

6. Hydraulic Oil used : MГЕ-10A (Russian)

Aeroshell-41

7. Operating Voltage : 26V +3V/-4V DC

8. Power Consumption : 3.5 KW

 MODES OF OPERATION

The various modes of operation for T-72 Stabilizer are

as follows:-

a) Automatic Mode
b) Semi-Automatic Mode
c) Stabilized Observation Mode
d) Manual Laying Mode
e) Commander’s Target designation Mode
f) Driver’s Emergency mode
g) Setting of Gun to Loading Angle
Automatic Mode
This is the basic mode of operation. In this mode the
elevation and traverse power controls automatically
hold the gun at preset angles, which improves the
effectiveness of conducting aimed fire while the tank is
on the move. Laying of the gun in elevation and
traverse is achieved by turning of the control handle in
the sight unit around horizontal and vertical axis
respectively.
Semi-Auto Mode
This is an auxiliary mode and is used in case the
Auto mode fails, as well as preparatory mode for
stabilization mode.
Stabilized Observation Mode
This mode is used by gunner for the observation of
the terrain through the sight with elevation power
control switched OFF. In this only the field of vision is
stabilized.
Commander’s Target Designation mode
This mode facilitates the commander to have over-
riding control over the gunner. During this mode the
target control is transferred from the gunner to the
commander and facilitates the gun to be positioned at
desired target selected by him by turning the
commander’s hatch and by pressing the button in the
handle of commander’s device.
Manual Laying
This mode of operation is used to fire from a
stationary position and is effected by manually
turning the elevating and traversing hand wheels.
This mode is used when stabilizer fails.

Driver’s Emergency Mode

This mode is an emergency mode and is used in
case it is necessary to turn the turret to open the
driver’s hatch. This can be carried out in the modes
Semi-automatic mode, Automatic mode and with
stabilizer switched OFF.
Setting of Gun to Loading Angle

During auto loading (ALG) operation, as soon as the

ALG button in gunner’s control panel is pressed, the gun is
automatically brought to loading angle, i.e. 4.5º elevation.
The signal for this purpose is supplied from Gun Setting
Device of the stabilizer system. After the loading of the
ammunition into the gun is completed the gun is
automatically restored to align with the sighting line.
Safety Interlocks
To ensure safe operation for the crew and
normal functioning of the weapon stabilizer, the
stab system has a number of interlocks.

(a)    Power traverse gets cut out in the following

cases: -
(i) When turret is locked so as to prevent
overloading of power traverse (the interlock
sending unit is located near the turret lock
handle)
ii) When drivers hatch door is open in order to
prevent the driver from being injured by the gun
during turret traverse operations (the interlock
sending unit is located on outer sleeve of door hatch
closing mechanism).

(iii) When AUTO-HAND selector switch on GCP

or LCU of ALG is set on HAND.
(b) The power elevation provides for hydraulic
locking of the gun and turret in following case: -

(i) For the time of recoil and counter recoil after

the shot is fired.

(ii)When the gun rebounds from the turret stops

at angular speeds exceeding 7-8.5 º/s in order to
prevent multiple impacts of the gun against the
stops.

(iii) When HAND-STAB lever is in

intermediate position.
(iv) When CBDM frame and CLM tongs are not

lowered completely.

(v) When the gun is retained by the motor

operated lock.
 Instruction (DO NOTs )
DO NOT MOVE OR DISMANTLE GYRO WHILE
THE SPIN MOTOR IS RUNNING .

DO NOT DRAIN HYD OIL FROM GOOD

SYSTEM / NEW SYSTEMS, LEAVING DRY .

DO NOT FILL OILTHROUGH “AIR-BREATHER”

INTHE REPLENISHING TANKS.
Any
?
THANK YOU