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Selection of Blend Constituents

The document discusses factors to consider when selecting blend constituents for textiles, including: 1) Fiber type and properties - Blending fibers like polyester and cotton improves properties like comfort while maintaining durability. 2) Fiber compatibility - Length, denier, elongation and other properties must be compatible to prevent deblending. 3) Effective blending - Constituents must be homogeneously mixed so each fiber type is evenly distributed, maintaining proportions along the yarn. Metrics like the index of blend irregularity evaluate blending effectiveness.

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165 views9 pages

Selection of Blend Constituents

The document discusses factors to consider when selecting blend constituents for textiles, including: 1) Fiber type and properties - Blending fibers like polyester and cotton improves properties like comfort while maintaining durability. 2) Fiber compatibility - Length, denier, elongation and other properties must be compatible to prevent deblending. 3) Effective blending - Constituents must be homogeneously mixed so each fiber type is evenly distributed, maintaining proportions along the yarn. Metrics like the index of blend irregularity evaluate blending effectiveness.

Uploaded by

Mewar Fashions
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Selection of Blend Constituents

The choice of blend components needs careful consideration


both in terms of the kind of fibres to be used as well as their
proportion in the blend so as to project there positive attributes
to the maximum.
1. Type of Fibre
The major objective of blending two or more fibres is to produce a yarn or a
fabric with improved functional properties which is single type of fibre cannot
achieve.
Take the case of some popular blends like polyester-cotton or polyester-
viscose which are normally used for apparels such as shirtings and suitings. If
the fabric is made from 100% polyester, it will have excellent crease
resistance, press retention, durability and wash & wear properties. However,
this fabric will be uncomfortable to wear due to the hydrophobic nature of
the polyester fibre. Addition of a hygroscopic fibre like cotton or viscose rayon
makes it more comfortable to wear because the perspiration can then be
easily passed to the outside and the fabric also acquires a softer feel.
Further disadvantage like hole melting for a 100% polyester fabric can be
largely overcome by the addition of these cellulosic fibres in the blend.
• Depending upon the end use of the fabric, blend constituents
are chosen. For example, it is well known that a polyester-
cotton yarn looks fuller as compared to the lean look of
polyester-viscose yarn. Therefore, for light constructions like
shirtings, polyester-cotton blend is used. However, polyester-
viscose blend is preferred for medium and heavy constructions
such as suitings.

• Similarly acrylic and its blends are desirable when a


comparatively bulky appearance, luxurious touch and warmth
in the fabric is desired
2. Compatibility of blend fibres
For the trouble-free processing and optimum utilisation of the positive
aspects of the blend constituents, it becomes imperative to consider their
compatibility in terms of properties like length, denier and breaking
elongation.
If not compatible, there is possibility of deblending.

Compatibility must be there in terms of the following properties:


a. Length and Denier of fibres:
- As a general rule, these two fibre properties should be nearly the same
for all the constituents. Difference in length and fineness effects drafting
behaviour, migratory behaviour, dye pickup and differential speed of fibre
during pneumatic transport.
- For example in a viscose rayon cotton blend, the rayon staple of 1.5
denier and 29-32 mm length is generally used since the cotton component
used has a denier of around 1.5 and a length of 28mm.
b. Extensibility
A large difference in the breaking elongation of the fibres in a blend
adversely affects the yarn strength due to unequal sharing of tensile
load.

c. Density
The blend fibres should preferably have the same density. Any large
differences on this account will lead to selective separation while
conveying the blended stock through ducts under the influence of
air suction in the blow room.

d. Dispersion properties
This property describes the ability of an individual fibre to separate
from its group and disperse thoroughly within the fibre matrix of
the blend to produce an intimate and homogeneous blend.
e. Drafting properties
Some fibres like viscose are outstanding in terms of draftability.
These fibres, when blended with other fibres act as good carriers to
obviate the trouble relating to drafting.

f. Dyeing properties
In case the blended yarn or fabric is to be dyed subsequently, due
consideration should be given to the dyeing properties of individual
fibre components.
Effective Blending
• Irrespective of blend constituents and their proportion, it is
necessary/primary condition to have homogeneous
mixing/blending of constituent fibres for optimum utilisation and
reasonable prediction of yarn properties.
• A perfect blend is that in which every fibre characteristic is found in
same proportion within every unit cross section of yarn as in the
original blend i.e.
(a) Proportion of constituent fibres must be same in each cross
section of yarn as in blend
(b) Constituent fibres must be distributed randomly within yarn cross
section
(c) Proportion of fibres must remain constant along the length of the
yarn
However, actual blends always have variations from
the perfect blend. These variations may be short
term or long term.
Any blend having minimum variation from perfect
blend may be termed as effective blend.
• Index of blend irregularity (IBI) gives a measure to blend deviating from randomness

• For perfect blending Wi = Tip and index of blend irregularity (IBI) becomes
zero

• For complete randomness IBI = 1

• Polarisation of one component at any place leads to increase in the index

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