Water and Its Treatment
Water and Its Treatment
Text
Books
Evaluation Pattern
I. Quiz 20%
Total 100%
Water and its
Treatment
Motivation
Motivation
Is groundwater safe?
Is Bottled water safe?
Is Rain water safe?
Is River water safe?
Is Ocean water safe?
Motivation
Sources of Water
A. Surface Waters:
1. Rain Water
2. River Water
3. Lake Water
4. Sea water
B. Underground Water:
1. Spring
2. Well water
Types of impurities in Water
• Suspended Impurities
Physical Impurities • Colloidal Impurities
• Bacteria
Bacteriological Impurities • Algae
• Fungi
• Dissolved Gases
Chemical Impurities • Dissolved Organic Salts
• Dissolved Inorganic Salts
Module 1: Water and its treatment:
• Introduction
• Hardness of water–Causes of hardness-Types of hardness: temporary and permanent–
expression and units of hardness.
• Estimation of hardness of water by complexometric method.
• Potable water and its specifications. Steps involved in treatment of water
• Disinfection of water by chlorination and ozonization- industrial water treatment
• Boiler feed water and its treatment -internal conditioning–Calgon and Phosphate
conditioning.
• External treatment of water–Ion exchange process. Desalination of water–Reverse osmosis.
Hardness of water
Hardness of water is the characteristic of preventing lather formation of water with soap
due to presence of:- salts like bicarbonates, sulphates, chlorides of Ca, Mg and other metals
TYPES OF HARDNESS
1. Temporary Hardness: 1. Permanent Hardness:
Solution:
204 X 100
Calcium carbonate equivalent hardness = = 150 mg of CaCO3/L
136
= 150 ppm
Calculation
Problem:
A water sample found to have the following analytical data on analysis , MgCl 2 = 95ppm,
Mg(HCO3)2 = 14.6 ppm, CaSO4= 68ppm, MgSO4 = 120ppm, H2SO4 = 49 ppm, Ca(HCO3)2 =
81 ppm and SiO2 = 4ppm. Calculate the temporary, permanent and total hardness of the water
sample.
Ans: 60, 250, 310 ppm