TC - 6

TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL

SANJAY BHATTACHARYA
ICT-2

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 1

This is a subject which deals with the efficient and
economical operation of passenger as well as freight
services over Indian Railways.

DEFINITION: The organizational set-up to supervise and

regulate the running of trains and movement of traffic, in
the best possible manner with the available resources is
called Control.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 2
 OBJECTS OF CONTROL:

A) The cohesion in moving trains and traffic

B) To avoid delay to trains and traffic
C) To effect economy in working of trains
D) To improve the general working of trains
E) To increase the efficiency in working of trains

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 3

Control Organization:

• Divisional Operating Manager

• Assistant Operating Manager
• Chief Train Controller
• Deputy Chief Train Controller
• Train Controller
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 4
 TRAIN CONTROL CHART

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Various classification of Telephone Circuits:
a) Point-to Point Circuit
b) Party Line Circuit
c) Omnibus Circuit.
Omnibus circuit is adopted for all Railway control
circuits.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 6

Control circuits in Non-RE area:
a) Section Control
b) Deputy Control
c) Engineering Control
d) Emergency Control
Control circuits in RE area (in addition to the above):
e) Traction Power Control
f) Traction Loco Control
g) Remote
TTC
Control IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 7
1. Section Control deals with the movement of train within
a particular section.
Provided in RE as well as Non-RE sections.
May be one or more than one section Controls in a
division.
2. Deputy Control is connected at important stations in the
section for collecting yard reports, etc.
This control is provided with Deputy Chief Controller at
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 8
division headquarter.
3. Engineering Control is used for controlling the
maintenance activities of engineering department.
4. Emergency control is used to establish instant
communication from the field or mid section in case of
emergency or accident.
5. Traction Power Control is used for efficient maintenance
and operation of overhead traction equipments.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 9

6. Traction loco control is used by traction loco
controller to ensure efficient usage of traction
locomotives. Connected with SM offices, YM offices
and Loco sheds.
7. Remote control circuits is used for remote operation
of 25KV traction equipments which works on SCADA
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) principle.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 10

Elements of a Control circuit:

The basic elements of control circuit are:

1) Headquarter Office Equipment
2) Way Station Equipments
3) Communication medium between control office and
way stations.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 11
Headquarter Office Equipment consists of:
1. Controller’s Equipment, and
2. Test room Equipment
Controller’s Equipment consists of:
1. Microphone and Loud Speaker
2. Handset
3. DTMF Key Board
4. DTMF encoder
Way Station Equipment consists of: Control Telephone, DTMF Decoder
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 12
Controllers Equipment caters two purposes:
1. Signalling: To call a way station individually or a group
of stations or all the stations at once. Signalling is also
required for some more certain functions like redial,
repeated dialing or resetting.
2. Speech: To transmit the speech of controller to way
stations and to make the speech received from the way
stations sufficiently audible to the controller.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 13
In earlier days, impulse of DC or AC high voltage supplies
were used for signaling.
It incorporates number of metal contact relays to pass the
required signaling information over the medium.

To avoid this problem, Railways adopted the DTMF

signaling system.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 14

 Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) Signalling
In DTMF system two frequencies within voice frequency
band and harmonically unrelated are transmitted on line
for a digit pressed.
Among these two frequencies, one is a low frequency (row)
and the other is a high frequency (column) both within the
VF band, but harmonically unrelated.
Why Two tones are used?
1. As these tones are in-band, any voice simulation should
notTTCbe recognised as a tone input.
IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 15
 4X4 matrix DTMF system

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 16

Advantages of DTMF Selective calling system:
1. It is adoptable for 2W (OH) as well as 4W (UG cable)
systems.
2. No need of high voltage DC or 50V/ 50Hz AC supply.
3. Low level signaling, typically 500mV.
4. Maximum 99 stations can be connected as against the
78 stations in the previously used 17 impulse system.
5. Improved system reliability due to complete solid state
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 17
equipment design.
6. Completely maintenance free as no adjustments of
voltage/current are involved.
7. The system is immune to line noise.
8. Readily adoptable for radio patching with any speech
channel over VHF, UHF, MW or OFC.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 18

 4 Wire/2Wire working of control circuit
The DTMF controller’s equipment and way station
equipment are designed to work on either 2 wire or 4 wire
transmission lines as the case may be.
The control office equipment is normally designed for 4 wire
working, but it can be converted for 2 wire operation by
providing a hybrid attachment additionally.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 19

 OPERATING REQUIREMENTS OF CONTROL OFFICE
EQUIPMENT

A) The system shall permit working of voice as well as signaling on

an omnibus circuit tapped at way stations and other places, on
4W/2W basis as required.
B) Shall be possible to call a maximum of 99 stations with 2 digit
code either one at a time or a group at a time or all at the same
time.
C) Audible indication to the controller when the called station has
been rung shall be provided.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 20
D) Every station shall be assigned a distinct calling code. A
nominated group of stations may be assigned a group calling
code. 4 such groups should be provided designated as A, B, C
and D. For general call a push button designated as G should
be for calling all the station at the same time.
E) The station code generation and transmission shall be
accomplished by pressing two push buttons in sequence and
group call by pressing relevant push buttons twice.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 21

F) Facility to repeat last code generated by pressing a single push
button designated as RT shall be provided.
G) The duration of the ringing at way station shall normally be 4
seconds. However the facility to extend the ringing period by
pushing a single push button designated as LR shall be provided.
H) It shall be possible to send the signalling code even when two or
more parties are in conversation and also to a station engaged in
conversation..

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 22

I) The station code transmitted shall be displayed on the console

till the next code is generated. The two push buttons for a
station code should be pressed in sequence within 5 seconds.
The first digit remains displayed for 5 seconds, after which it
gets erased automatically. It shall also be possible to cancel the
first digit within 5 seconds by pressing a key designated as DL.
J) Facility to reset the equipment should be provided by pressing
a single push button designated as RS.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 23

K) Facility to check the Row/Column frequencies shall
be provided by pressing a single key repeatedly
designated as RC.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 24

 CONSTITUENTS OF CONTROL OFFICE EQUIPMENT
1. DTMF console
2. DTMF code generator
3. PCB consisting of all circuits
4. Hand set
5. Head set (Optional)
6. Microphone
7. Loud Speaker
8. Hybrid attachment
9. Power Supply Unit
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 25
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 26
 SIDE PANEL

Side panel consists of a volume control and socket

for the handset.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 27

 CONSOLE BACK PANEL

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CONTROL OFFICE EQUIPMENT

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 WORKING OF THE EQUIPMENT

1. As soon as a valid key closure (corresponding to the first digit of

the station code) is detected, the µp / µc stores the information
and display the digit pressed.
2. The µp / µc waits for second key closure Corresponding to the
second digit of the code) within 5 seconds (the specified period),
the µp / µc updates the display and asks the tone generator to
generate the DTMF tones accordingly.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 30

3. These tones are connected to the line through a combiner
amplifier, where they combine with speech signals coming
from the microphone/hand set.
4. In the receive direction the speech coming from the way
stations will be filtered and amplified before coupling to
the loud speaker.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 31

 DTMF Console

Front Panel: The Keyboard on the front consists of total 20 keys.

Sixteen of these are DTMF keys arranged in 4 by 4 matrix.
These are TEN decimal keys - 0 to 9 used for entering the 2-digit
station codes. Then FOUR Group call keys - A, B, C, D and one
general call key - G and long ring key - LR. For group call and general
call the same key is to be pressed twice. For example AA, BB, GG
etc. In addition to these 16 keys there are FOUR function keys – RS,
DL, RT and RC.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 32

RS - Reset key is used to reset the control office
equipment, if it is required to do so at any time.
DL - Delete or Clear key used to cancel a wrong entry
during the dialing process.

RT - Repeat key redials the last code transmitted.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 33

RC - Row & Column Frequency Test key is used for
transmitting individual row and column DTMF frequencies for
testing purpose. On pressing this key the equipment goes
into test mode and provides 1st row frequency (r1) on TX
terminals on back panel. The display shows r1 indicating the
output frequency corresponding to r1. With subsequent
pressing of the same key corresponding frequencies will be
fed on Tx pairs.
LR - This key is used to generate long ring at way stations
asTTClong as desired. IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 34
Way Stations may be:
1. Railway Station
2. Yard Master’s Office
3. Signal Cabin
4. Loco Shed
5. Sidings
6. Officer’s rooms
7. Officer’s Residences
8. Residences of other Emergency staff

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 35

 DTMF WAY STATION EQUIPMENT
(IRS : TC-60/93)

It consists of following units:

(a) DTMF Decoder & Speech Circuits

(b) Control Telephone

(c) 12V DC Power Supply & Battery Unit

Way station equipments are different for 4-wire and

2-wire working.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 36

 WORKING OF DTMF WAY STATION EQUIPMENT

• Circuitry for DTMF decoder & speech amplifiers is assembled on

a PCB and is placed in a wall-mountable metal cabinet.
• Decoder part of circuit receives DTMF corresponding to the
2-digits pressed by the controller and decodes it into 2 digit
decimal code, compares it with the local code allotted to the
station and then switches on a buzzer, if both codes are
matched.
• It then sends a ring back tone to the controller, when buzzer
rings.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 37
• In way station decoder unit, a 2-digit station code is set
locally, using two DIP switches (of 10 contacts each)
which are named as FD (First Digit) switch and SD
(Second Digit) switch.
• It also amplifies speech signals in both directions.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 38

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF WAY STATION DTMF DECODER

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 39

 Code Setting

• Each way-station is assigned a 2-digit code. 2 DIP switches FD and SD

(with 10 positions each) are provided to set the station code.

• Appropriate switches 0 - 9 are turned “ON”.

• To receive a special group code (A/B/C/D) from controller, a separate

DIP switch (containing 4 positions) is provided. Desired group code is
selected by setting the corresponding position.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 40

• Along with the activation of the buzzer, a visual indication
of LED is lit in the telephone.
• The LED indication continues to be lit until the handset is
lifted off the cradle.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 41

 PCB

DTMF
RBT
DECODER

RINGBACK
CIRCUIT

B 4 WIRE CONTROL
U
Z TELEPHONE

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 42

4 W Control Arrangements at a Way Side Station
 4 Wire Control Arrangements using DTMF Signalling

DTM F
E NC ODER CABLE HU T VF REPEATER

M IC

H AND
SET

LS

C ON TROLER'S BOO TH VF MAIN REPETER

STATION A STATION B STATIO N C STATION D STATIO N E STATIO N F

4 W IRE CO NTRO L ARRANGEM ENTS U SING DTM F SIG NALLING

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 43

 Emergency Control Circuit
On non-electrified sections provided with overhead line wires
for control working, a 2-Wire portable telephone and a
collapsible telescopic tubular pole are provided to
maintenance staff/train guard to enable them to contact the
controller in case of emergencies.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 44

• When circuits are through U/G cables, taps are provided from
the cable at intervals of 1 KM and are terminated on 6-pin
sockets.

• Control office can be contacted by plugging a portable control

telephone into these sockets.

• As the maintenance staff of the Elect. Deptt. has to contact

the TPC frequently, the taps are taken from separate circuit
instead of section control circuit so that the section control
circuit is not unnecessarily disturbed.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 45
• It is a 4-Wire circuit and works like any other control circuit. To
respond to a call initiated from an emergency socket, a microphone
and a loud speaker are provided with TPC. A quad is allotted for the
working of this control circuit.

• Facility is provided to the TPC to transfer any emergency call to

Section Controller if needed.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 46

Emergency Control Communication System

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 47

 ANU VIDYUT MAKE CONTROL OFFICE EQUIPMENT
The equipment consists of :

1. Key board and display: This consists of 20 keys and one two digit 7-

segment display.
2. Control card: This consists of 8085 Microprocessor, EPROM, ICs and
DTMF code generator.
3. Amplifier card: This card consists of Trans Amplifier and Receive
Amplifier. It also contain preset for adjusting the gain of DTMF
Trans. gain separately.
4. Power Supply and Filter card: Consists of reverse polarity
protection
TTC and RC filters to smooth
IRISET- the power supply.
SECUNDERABAD 48
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ANUVIDYUT MAKE DTMF DECODER

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 49

The Encoder of this equipment uses 8085 microprocessor.
This microprocessor interfaces the key board, display and
tone generator through two I/O interfaces – IC 8155 and IC
8255. The selection of one of these two interfaces is done
through a decoder IC 74156.
IC 8155 interfaces the microprocessor with the key board
and display through its two ports. A driver IC 74138 is
used for display the digits. IC 8255 interfaces the
microprocessor with tone generator IC 22859. This IC
generates DTMF tones as per the key pressed. This
system
TTC
uses IC 2764 asIRISET-
program memory.
SECUNDERABAD 50
 SPECIFICATIONS
1. Input impedance : Suitable to used microphone
2. O/P level for 5mV I/P : -20dBm to 0 dBm at 1120Ω
3. Frequency response : within +/- 3dBm in VF band
4. Harmonic Distortion : Less than 3% in VF band
5. Output impedance : 1120Ω/600 Ω selectable
6. Input impedance : 1120 Ω
7. Input level : 0 to -30 dBm
8. Output level : 1Watt (Max) at a load of 4 Ω
9. Power supply : 12V DC (10.8V to 14.4V)
10. Fuses : 1A rating
11. Reverse polarity protection : With diode
12. Max. working current IRISET-
TTC : Less than 500mA
SECUNDERABAD 51
 V F Repeaters

To compensate the loss of signal strength incurred

during the transmission of speech and signalling
through various communication circuits, VF Repeaters
are provided at some certain distances along the
route.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 52

 TYPES OF VF REPEATERS

• Conventional type: Consisting of VF Amplifiers, Leak

Amplifiers and Buffer Amplifiers as per IRS: TC-50-90.
• Equalizer type: Consisting of Equalizer Amplifiers and
Buffer Amplifiers as per specification
RDSO/SPN/TC/34/2002 (Voice Frequency
Communication System for Underground Cable).

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 53

 Conventional Type VF Repeater

• VF Repeaters are classified as Main Repeater and

Intermediate Repeaters.
• Main repeater is installed at Test room and Intermediate
repeaters are installed at regular intervals of 50 km along
the section.
• Cable huts at every 17 km to isolate the induced voltage in
25KV RE area.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 54

Conventional type VF Repeater Equipment consists of:
a) 4-wire VF Repeater amplifier with leak amplifier(VFL
card)
b) 4-wire VF Repeater amplifier without leak amplifier
(VFR card)
c) Buffer amplifier to connect branch line or radio
patching circuit.
d) This equipment works on 24V DC power supply.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 55
 Equalizer Amplifier Type VF Repeater
RDSO / SPN / TC / 34 / 2002
Features:
1. It works on 12V DC or 230V/50Hz AC power supply.
2. The repeater is provided at every station.
3. Works on PET quad cable having 0.9mm dia. with 470Ω
characteristic impedance.
4. Loading joints in the cable are not required, it can be done
at every repeater.
5. Condenser joints in the cable are not required, balancing
TTC can be done at every IRISET-
station.
SECUNDERABAD 56
6. Provision for end patching or mid patching is available
without reversing the direction of amplifiers.
7. For the above feature, equipment is provided with 4 wire, 4
way amplifiers.
8. The circuit will get isolated from the system, if any card of
that circuit is taken out.
9. In case of power supply failure at a station, the station will
be by passed.
10. Equipment is provided with additional 8 line intercom
facility.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 57
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 58
The system comprises of the following assemblies:
(a) Cable termination, distribution & monitoring panel
(b) U link panel
(c) Equalizer Amplifier and Isolation transformer panel
(d) Decoder & other PCBs
(e) 8 way Intercom.
(f) Remote monitor/sensor
(g) Power supply unit.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 59

In addition to the above, the system is provided with one
emergency socket and a phantom circuit derived from the
emergency socket to plug-in a magneto-telephone to
communicate from one station to another station.
For monitoring VF circuits, a loud speaker of reputed make
with a loudspeaker amplifier (200-milli watts output) is
provided.
A test tone generator of 1KHz +/- 100Hz at 0dBm +/-1 dB
output at 470 ohms is also provided in the monitoring
panel.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 60
 Isolation Transformer Card
The Trans, Receive, Buffer-1 and Buffer-2 input and output are
connected to and from the line side through the isolation
transformers provided in these card.
The power supply to the equalizer amplifier card is extended
through this card.
Provision for inserting capacitors to reduce cross talk is also
provided in this card.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 61

 Design of 4 wire 4 way amplifier

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 62

 Equalizer Amplifier Card
These 4 ways connected to this amplifier are:
(a) Control end
(b) Far end
(c) Radio Patch or Branching end and
(d) ASM’s Control telephone end
Equalizer Amplifier card consists of active equalizers, Band Pass
Filters, Pre-amplifier and combining output amplifier.
Maximum gain of 20 dB can be adjusted by DIP switches (SW-3 for
RX and SW-7 for TX) in the Equalizer amplifier card.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 63
 Dualdec Card
Input and output from any one of the buffer amplifier can be
connected to this card.
ASM’s control telephone end is connected to DUALDEC
card, which is a dual decoder to connect two control
telephones at a station.
The connection for telephones are terminated in the krone
at the top of the equipment.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 64

 EXCHANGE Cards
Two Exchange cards cater 8 numbers of intercom
telephones.
The telephone connections to this Intercom can be extended
upto loop resistance of 300 ohms.
By dialing DTMF codes all the subscribers can talk to each
other.
By dialling suitable access code any subscriber can
communicate with the controller also.
Normal auto dialing telephones can be used for this with 3
wire
TTC connectivity (2 wire for
IRISET-speech
SECUNDERABADand 1 wire for ring). 65
 Remote monitoring facility
This facility provides remote monitoring and fault localization
from Test Room.
This facility can be provided to each control separately.
For providing this facility a Remote monitor card will be
provided in the Test Room and Remote sensor will be
provided in Intermediate Repeater.
RMT-BTMN card is provided at test room and way stations for
this purpose.
The card used at test room is a master card and at way
station
TTC is a slave card, which are non-interchangable.
IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 66
We can perform the following operations with remote
monitoring panel:
1. To disconnect /connect Controller’s end side.
2. To disconnect /connect far end side.
3. To disconnect /connect buffer 1 side.
4. To disconnect /connect buffer 2 side.
5. Change over batteries on load.
6. To get battery voltage of on load battery.
7. To get power supply status, i.e. AC supply, Battery1 and
Battery 2.
8. TTCTo generate a 0 dBm, IRISET-
1 KHz, 470Ω tone for testing .
SECUNDERABAD 67
In case of some failures at way station equipment, the
equipment will send an SoS signal to the test room.
These are:
1. Battery fuse failure.
2. Both battery voltage low.
3. PSU 1 /AC fuse fail.
4. PSU 2 /AC fuse fail.
Whenever on load battery voltage goes below 11.5V,
automatic changeover of battery takes place to avoid
failure of equipment.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 68
CONTROL COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT FOR OFC
(C.C.E.O.)

RDSO / SPN / TC / 66 / 2007

With Amendment 1

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 69

The CCEO consists of following seven segments:
1. Control Room Equipment (CRE or DEC)
2. Test Room Equipment (TRE) LIC AND LTI
3. Local Telephone Equipment (LTE)
4. Multi Telephone Waystation Equipment (MTWE)
5. Remote Patching Equipment (RPE)
6. Three Way Amplifier (TWA)
7. Two wire Dialling Control Telephone (TDCT)

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 70

All the segments of CCEO except TDCT works on –48 V DC, having
working voltage range of –48 V DC +/-20%.
The system works on VF channel allocated for control, over an OFC
based STM and MUX link.
At Test Room Equipment and Waystation Equipments, the 4 wire
channel from the MUX is connected to the connector strip.
Marvel Electric Equipments, Mumbai manufactured the system
and got RDSO Approval.
The connectivity diagram for the system is shown in the next slide.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 71

 SYSTEM CONNECTIVITY

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 72

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 73
 CONTROL ROOM EQUIPMENT

Tx Level
Speaker M ic
OFi
M ic Volum e Volum e DAS S F O V.16
A ctive

Handset
D EC Unit
De s k Eq u ip m e n t Fo r C o n tro lle r
Active
Gf 466

M ic 1 2

3 4

5 6

Shift P rogram 7 8

G eneral 9 10

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 74

Features:
1. It is provided with 40 push buttons to call 80 TDCTs.
2. 40 stations can be called by dialing directly and another 40
with shift button.
3. Each push button has been assigned a two digit code for
calling one TDCT.
4. Two modes of DTMF signalling is available, one is DASSFO
Mode (for TDCTs) and another one is CLASSIC Mode (for
conventional type DTMF decoders).
5. Sockets for Mic & speaker and hand set is provided.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 75
6. A 4 digit 7 segment display is provided to show the dialed
numbers.
7. 10 keys to call 20 local telephones connected with the LTE from
test room.
8. One program key to assign codes to 40 push buttons.
9. Volume controls for Mic and speaker outputs.
10. One general call key is provided to call all the TDCTs at a time.
11. One shift push button to call the way stations with codes
assigned with shift button.

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 76

 Line Interface & Control Unit

M on itor

OFi
DAS S F O V.16

LIC Unit
Lin e In te rfa c in g a n d C o n tro l
Gf 464

M onitor Rx Tx
Level Lev el
1 2 3
Volum e

4 5 6
7 8 9 Sel

Esc 0 C

Hands et

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 77

Features:
1. Dual channel out put (Line-A and Line-B).
2. 600 Ohm working impedance.
3. DTMF dialing standard TC-60.
4. Test tone generation for testing and measurement.
5. Alpha numeric LCD display to select various measurement
parameters and operations.
6. Speaker to monitor ongoing conversation.
7. Handset to communicate from test room.
8. Bar level indication for trans and receive speech.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 78
9. Works on -48V DC power supply, and extends supply to CRE.
 Local Telephone Interface Unit

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 79

Features:
1. 20 numbers of two wire local telephone
connections.
2. 2 wire standard telephones.
3. Can talk to each other without disturbing controller.
4. Can land on control circuit by dialing assigned code.
5. Works on -48V DC supply.
6. Local power supply at telephone end is not
TTC required. IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 80
 Multi Telephone Way station Equipment

2-W ire

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 81

Features:
1. 4 numbers of two wire station telephone connections.
2. 2 wire standard telephones.
3. Dialling facility with provision of barring.
4. DTMF standard dialing.
5. 600 Ohm working.
6. Works on -48V power supply
7. Local power supply at telephone end is not required.
8. Various gains, dialing permission, ring tone and ringing
duration can be adjusted with the telephone.
TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 82
 Remote Patching Unit

OFi
DAS S F O V.2 0

RP U Unit
Re m o te P a tc h Un it

Gf 3 8 3

Features:
1. Dual channel (Normal and Alternate).
2. 600 ohms working impedance.
3. Remote controlled.
4. Cut and Thru action (Locally & Remotely).
5. Maximum 9 units per circuit.
TTC
6. -48 Volt working. IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 83
 Three Way Amplifier

OFi
DAS S F O V.2 0

TWA Unit
Th re e Wa y Am p lifie r

G f 4 32

Features:
1. Full 4-Wire working.
2. Unity gain in all three paths.
3. 600 ohms working.
4. -48 Volt working.
5. Used at Radio patching points and where more than
TTC 4 control telephonesIRISET-
are to be provided.
SECUNDERABAD 84
 VoIP based TCCS
(Train Traffic Control Communication System)

Spec.no. : RDSO/SPN/TC/99/2012 rev 2

https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/works/uploads/File/RD
SO_SPN_TC_99_2012%20Rev2.pdf

TTC IRISET- SECUNDERABAD 85

 Content

• What is VoIP and SIP ?

• Why VoIP based TCCS ?

• Components of VoIP based TCCS

• Advantages of VoIP TCCS over DTMF

• Brief on VoIP based TCCS in IR

– Equipments connectivity

– Performance of system

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 VoIP based Train Control Communication System

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 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

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 Type of switching

• DTMF control communication –

circuit switching with omnibus feature

• VoIP based TCCS –

Packet switching with call conference feature

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 What is VoIP ?

VoIP means Voice over Internet Protocol

Voice over Internet Protocol is a category of hardware and

software that enables people to use the Internet as the
transmission medium for telephone calls by sending voice
data in packets using IP rather than by traditional circuit
transmissions of the standard Telephone networks.

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 What is SIP
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is one of the
most common, call control signaling (RAS i.e.
Registration , Administration and Status
protocol used in VoIP technology.

It is an application layer protocol that works in

conjunction with other application layer
protocols to control multimedia communication
sessions over the Internet.
( Other Protocols may be H.323, Media
Gateway control, MGCP)

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H.323 is an ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector
(ITU-T) recommendation that describes protocols for the
provision of audio-visual (A/V) communication sessions on all
packet networks.
H.323 is widely used in IP based videoconferencing, Voice
over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Internet telephony.

SIP is suitable when it comes to instant messaging, file

sharing, and multimedia communicating and also for the
purposes of online gaming. It is also the most sought after
protocol for multimedia conferencing. On the other hand,
when we talk about H. 323 it basically takes care of only
multimedia conferencing
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 What is IP telephony

Integration of

– Voice

– Messaging

– Video and

– Data services over IP networks

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 Why VoIP based TCCS ?
• Limitations in the existing DTMF system
- For a small additional feature hardware
change is required
- More no. of phones on station master table
- Voice quality degradation when more wayside
equipments are connected to the circuit
- Equipment specific to railways, limited
market driven improvement
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 Why VoIP based TCCS ?
• Advantages of VoIP TCCS:
-Commercially available Off-The- Shelf (COTS) products --
packaged solutions
- Based on open international standards
- Modern features of caller ID, call log
- Uses common infrastructure
- Future improvement (MPLS etc.) benefits the train
control communication
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 Basic Components of VoIP based TCCS
• Section controller’s console and other controller’s console

• Routers, Switches and LAN extenders

• Servers for call control & conferencing, network management, voice

recording

• Gateways for Railway exchange connectivity, Emergency communication,

Analog control telephones and SMS gateway

• Wayside IP control phones for ASM

• Uniform distribution of time for all elements (servers and end points) from
a single source through NTP v 4.1.2 (RFC 1305). All the elements have NTP
protocol support.

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 Advantages of VoIP TCCS over DTMF

• The section controller is able to give ring to the way

station telephone of ASM even if this phone is busy
in conversation or not properly restored to “On
Hook” condition.

• If ASM is busy in conversation, he is getting added to

the controller’s conference.

• Only one phone is provided with ASM, which could

be used for communication with all controllers.

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 Advantages of VoIP TCCS over DTMF

• The section controller is able to talk to ASM

irrespective of whether his phone is free or busy.

• Instant messaging between ASMs and Controller

instead of making a voice call.
This could be used by ASMs to give train position to
the Section controller, thereby reducing the volume of
call traffic and workload on section controller.
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 Advantages of VoIP TCCS over DTMF

• The control phone at a way station for ASM is able to

receive call from any of the controller pertaining to that
section with a distinct ringtone.

• By installing client software, mobile telephones are

also being used as control telephones.

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 Brief on VoIP based TCCS in IR

The system is installed and commissioned by

BITCOMM TECHNOLOGIES Pvt. Ltd.
An ISO-9001:2008 company headquartered at Noida, UP,
India.

As per the Work order No.SP-3/006/14/Telecom/OT/

14/02 of RDSO, Lucknow, they have supplied, installed, and tested
“VOIP Based Train Control Communication System” in MAU-SHG
section of Varanasi Division of North Eastern Railway.
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 Brief on VoIP based TCCS in IR

• This system has been implemented as trial project as per

RDSO spec. in Mau-Shahganj section of Varanasi Division
in North Eastern Railway.
• Out of 5 control boards in the division, one control board
of non-RE section have been provided with VoIP control
telephones along with existing conventional DTMF based
control telephones in 11 stations

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BSB (Varanasi) ----- MAU Jn – KRT – MMA – SAA – AMH – RKS – PHY
– SMZ – KRND – DJD – SHG Jn

• Direct link on OFC has been established between

Varanasi (BSB) and MAU jn.

• Connectivity between stations of MAU jn. and SHG

jn. has been established with a separate E1 with
add-drop configuration taken from existing STM-1
network.
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BSB (Varanasi) ----- MAU Jn – KRT – MMA – SAA – AMH – RKS – PHY – SMZ –
KRND – DJD – SHG Jn

• At the last station i.e. Shahganj Jn, this E1 has been

terminated without any further extension for
protection since non availability of E1 either from
RCIL or BSNL. Hence, this VoIP based control
communication in this section is functioning without
protection arrangement thus became linear
topology.
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 VoIP based TCCS equipments
installed locations

1. Controller room in Varanasi Control Office

2. Test Room / Exchange in Varanasi

3. Way stations (11) between MAU Jn. and

SHG Jn.

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 Controller room equipment
• It is a customized touch screen based PC, integrated with
Microphone and loudspeaker.

• This Controller’s console is loaded with proprietary Control

software.

• This is working on 230V AC mains adapter with UPS backup

• To call a way station, touching on station button available on

GUI based touch screen or by dialing 3-digit code of the station.

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 Integrated Controller’s console

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 Controller console features

• Touch Screen along with key pad for operational ease

• Physical PTT switch and Software PTT

• Selective Call, Group Call and Conference Call

• Information regarding stations currently in conference

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 Controller console features

• Status of various station telephones,

like: busy , free, not reachable

• Caller ID, Call History

• Send and Receive of SMS

• Ambience listening of ASM Call

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 TCCS equipment in Test Room

• IP based Console (for monitoring and fault

diagnostics)

• Voice logger Gateway to the existing analog Voice

Logger

• L2 Switch

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 TCCS equipment in Exchange
• Communication Server (TVCS interconnect make) – Linux
based (
https://cornet.com/download/tvcs-interconnect-achievin
g-video-voice-and-data-interoperability/
)
• Voice Recorder (IP) - windows based
• NMS server – Windows based
• Administrative IP phone (for Configuration)
• FXO Gateway for interfacing Railway exchange numbers
• SMS Gateway
• Router (4 port Ethernet and 4 port optical)
• L3 Switch
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 Equipments connectivity at Varanasi Hq.

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 Communication server
- Linux based

- SIP signaling

- Duplicated on 1+1 Hot Standby

- Number of user accounts for different Controls

- At present 100 number of IP telephones have

been registered in each group

( User accounts: for ASMs &
Groups: for various Controls )

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 Equipment in Way station
• OFC hut
• 2 port Router
• LAN extender
• Working on -48V DC
• ASM room
• LAN extender
• IP Telephone
• 4 port FXS gateway
• Analog push button telephone
• Working on -48V DC

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Equipments connectivity between OFC room and ASM room at MAU
station

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 Equipments connectivity between OFC hut and
ASM room at SHG station

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 Performance of system-Section Controller

• Convenient with this VoIP system because of

– No Noise in circuit, voice is very clear

– Ease of calling a way station- touch screen

– Monitoring of ASMs on screen

– SMS

– Usage of single controller’s console in place of many

equipments for services
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 Performance of system-Test Room staff
• Satisfactorily working with this system

a) Ease of testing and fault diagnostics

through test room console

b) Call analysis, Call data, Report generation

c) Can speak to any way station without

distributing controller

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 Performance of system - ASMs
• ASMs are satisfied with new IP telephones
a) No noise in the IP control telephone
b) Caller Id facility
c) Communicating another station master
without disturbing section controller
d) However, using these IP telephones are
not convenient as conventional DTMF
control telephones
e) Frequent failures in IP control phones

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 VoIP monitoring and quality management

Parameters related to quality of VoIP calls.

Generate the following reports related to quality of
VoIP Calls
The data traffic generated on the network.
Performance of the system in terms of QoS
including parameters like packet delay, jitter, Packet
drop, Mean Opinion Score etc
capacity utilization of various component of the VoIP
System

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 Security Issues
separate VLAN for TCCS system (subject to VLAN capable switches).
Only authorized IP telephones will be able to register and
communicate within the system.
Any PC connected to second Ethernet port of the IP telephones shall
not be able to send data traffic to the voice VLAN for TCCS.
The performance of TCCS is dependent on configuration of end points.
Therefore the configuration shall be password protected. Any change
in configuration shall be logged with date and time stamp.
Call server shall have following protocol support for secure
configuration ,SSHv2 for secure sessions. SSLv2/v3 for secure HTTP
session

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 Security Issues
Syslog file for intrusion management and keep records or logs
regarding the following:
Connection (who is connected and at what time
Unauthorized attempts to enter the system
History of system commands
Kernel and registration of daemons used on devices
The communication server shall allow communication only with
trusted hosts like IP phones, gateways, NMS stations etc.
IP telephones shall have anti ARP spoofing and anti ARP Cache
poisoning protection features

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 Conclusion
• Clear voice, other features and services
• Using this VoIP technology is a alternate to
conventional technology (without PD Mux)
• Lot of manpower on control communication can be
minimized
• Maintenance and fault diagnostics are very easy
• Overall performance of this system is very good

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• This VoIP based control communication system is
cost effective and it is alternate to PD MUX channel
based technology.

• Can be integrated with other services like VHF, PA

system, PIS, Data logger. COA

• Scalable on MPLS technology.

• A Video presentation by our trainee Mr Praveen
kumar Prajapati.
• https://youtu.be/QO7oDUShIzM
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 Thank You

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