/

ALGORITH
M&
FLOWCHAR
T
</ALGORITHM>

● An Algorithm is an important tool that is used to give the solution to a problem in step by step manner

/DEFINITION

An algorithm is a finite set of instruction in a specific sequence, which is

followed accomplished a particular task. It is written in simple English

/CHARACTERISTICS

- It is a general-purpose tool, which is language and hardware independent

- It makes it easy to understand the program logic
- Identification of error is easier
- A program can be easily written from an algorithm
- Since it is written in simple English it can be understood by everyone

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</PROPERTIES OF ALGORITHM>

1. FINITENESS : The algorithm should terminate after a finite number of

steps.

2. DEFINITENESS : Each instruction must be clear and unambiguous.

3. EFFECTIVENESS : Every instruction must be sufficiently basic, that it

can be carried out by a Person using only pencil and
paper.

4. INPUT : The algorithm must accept zero or more quantities, which are
externally supplied.

5. OUTPUT : It should produce at least one desired output.

(Every algorithm most satisfy the give properties)

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</EXAMPLE OF ALGORITHM>
> Calculate the area of a circle > To check if a number is positive
by taking radius input or negative
Step 1: Start.
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Input value of radius.
Step 2: input number
Step 3: Calculate area using formula
Step 3: If number < 0 then
area = 3.142 x radius x radius
Display “Number is negative”
Step 4: Display value of area
Else
Step 5: Stop Display “Number is positive”

Step 4: Stop

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</EXAMPLE>
>To find sum of first N positive
numbers, i.e,1+2+3+……+N.
Step 6: increment value of num by 1.
Step 1: Start
Step 7: add num to sum and store result in sum,
i.e sum = sum + num
Step 2: Input value of N
Step 8: If Num < = N, then Go
Step 3: Assign 0 to sum
to step 6
Step 4: assign 1 to sum
Step 9: Display value of sum
Step 5: Add num to sum and store
Step 10: stop
result in sum
i.e sum = sum + num

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</FLOWCHART>

An algorithm is a written form of the solution to a problem. However , it can get very lengthy and Complicated. A
flowchart is a diagrammatic way of specifying the solution. It is a program Design tool in which standard graphical
symbols are used to represent the logical flow of data.

/DEFINITION

A flow chart is a diagrammatic or pictorial representation of an algorithm.

/CHARACTERISTICS

- since it is a pictorial representation, it can be understood very easily

- It is very easy to identify errors
- Process and data flow can be easily traced for all possible cases
- It is a general purpose tool and it is language independent
- It is very easy to write a program from the flowchart

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</FLOWCHART SYMBOLS>

Indicates start and stop of Indicates a condition and

the process two or more alternatives

Terminal
Decision
Indicates an input or
output task Shows direction of flow

Input/Output
Flow lines

Contains Arithmetic or
Assignment task Used for calling an
external module

Process
Module call

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</FLOWCHART SYMBOLS>

It is used to connect different

flowlines or used to show
continuity of flowchart on separate
pages.

Connector

__________
| |
Indicates a block of
| |
statements
| |
| __________|
Multiway selection

Block Allows selection of one out of

many alternatives

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</EXAMPLES OF FLOWCHART>
> flowchart to check if a number is even or
> flow chart to calculate area of circle
odd
START
START

Read num
INPUT RADIUS

Is
Area = 3.142 x radius x radius Num % 2 = 0

Display num
DISPLAY is odd
Display num
is even
STOP
STOP

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</DIFFERENCE BETWEEN>

> ALGORITHM < > FLOWCHART <

- An algorithm is a set of ordered - Flowchart is graphical representation
instructions in simple English of algorithm
language designed to solve certain
problems - Less detailed but easy to understand
by everyone
- Algorithm is more detailed but
difficult to understand by - Standard symbols are used for specific
everyone task

- Specific instructions are used - Flowcharts are created later on using

algorithms
- Algorithm get created first
- Branching and looping is easy to show
- Branching and looping is difficult to
show - Big problems can be managed easily

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