TOUR AND TRAVEL

MANAGEMENT
LESSON 1
TOURISM: Re defined
Tourism
- Comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.

Tourism Re-Defined
- Travel is the broader term between the two.
Tourism is just one type of travel. Basically,
the travel of a person can be tourism or not.
Scholars have several definitions of tourism
to distinguish it from travel.
As an active member of the UN World Tourism Organization
(UNWTO), the Philippines must adopt the definition set forth by the
world body. Based on WTO definition, tourism is defined as the
activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside
their usual environment for not more than one year for leisure,
business, or purposes other than those being remunerated in the
place where the travel commenced.
FORMS OF TOURISM
Outbound Tourism
Inbound Tourism
Domestic Tourism
Internal Tourism
National Tourism
FORMS OF TOURISM
Outbound Tourism
Visits by residents of a country to another country. Travel involving people from a country
that go or travel to other countries or places.

Inbound Tourism
Visits to a country by nonresidents . Travel of people from another country or places that are
received by a host country

Domestic Tourism
Visits by residents of a country within their own country.
FORMS OF TOURISM
Internal Tourism
Visits by residents and nonresidents within a country (domestic plus inbound tourism).

National Tourism
Domestic tourism plus outbound tourism; the totality of tourist traffic that involves
citizens or residents of a country
The UNWTO classifies visitors into tourists or
excursionists

1. Overnight visitors or tourists – visitors who stay at least one

night in a collective or private accommodation in the place
or country visited.
2. Same-day visitors or excursionists – visitors who do not spend one
night in a collective or private accommodation establishment in the
country visited
TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: AIRLINES
FLIGHT TYPES
1. Non-stop Flight
-A flight between two points with no intermediate stops and the same flight number and aircraft.
2. Direct Flight
-A flight with intermediate stop(s) and the same flight number and aircraft.
3. Connecting Flight
-A flight with intermediate stop(s) and a change of flight number and aircraft
4. Change of Equipment/Gauge
-A connecting flight and the same flight number, but with a change of aircraft.
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: AIRLINES
SERVICE CLASSES
•Business Air
-Travel by a class superior to economy but lower than first class service.
•Economy
-The least expensive class of service offered by airlines with the least frills and inclusions and the
most restrictions.
•First
-The highest and most expensive level of service offered with the most inclusions and the least
restrictions.
TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: AIRLINES
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES
Airline Code -The two alphanumeric abbreviation of air carriers used by travel agents
and tour operators all over the world (PR – PhilippineAirlines, 5J – Cebu Pacific, etc.)
Airport Code -The three-letter unique code that distinguishes an airport from another.
Most of the time, airport codes are the same as city codes but in cities with multiple
airports, this does not apply.
Electronic Ticket -Transaction receipt that provides proof that one’s air ticket is stored in
the airline’s database, which can be availed of upon presentation of proof of identity.
ETD/ETA -The estimated time of departures/arrivals of various transportation services.
Flight A -Scheduled air service identified by a flight number
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: AIRLINES
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES
Flight Frequency -The number of flights between two specified sectors, or specified period oftime.
Flight Number -A combination of the airline code plus numeric designation of flights.
Gateway-First point of arrival/last point of departure in a country/area.
Leg A -Portion of a flight between any two consecutive scheduled trips.
Open Ticket -An airline ticket, which does not specify when a service is to be performed, which makes the
passenger responsible for securing reservation at a later date.
Passport -An official document issued by a competent public authority to nationals or to residents of the issuing
country.
Point of Turnaround-Farthest geographical fare break (between two fare components) from the pricing unit origin.
Visa -A permit or authorization stamped on the passport allowing the holder to enter a country other than
their usual place of residence
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: HOTELS
CLASSIFICATION OF HOTELS
De Luxe (Five Star)-These are hotels that offer only the highest level of accommodations and services. The properties offer a
high degree of personal service.
Superior (Four Star)-They are mostly large, formal hotels with reception areas, front desk service, and bellhop
service.-The hotel locations near other hotels of the same caliber and are usually found near shopping, dining and
other major attractions. The level of service is well above average and the rooms are well lit and well furnished.
First Class (Three Star)-Typically these hotels offer spacious accommodations that include well-appointed rooms
and decorated lobbies. The hotel located near major expressway or business areas, convenient to shopping and moderate
to high-priced attractions.
Standard/Moderate (Two Star)-Usually denotes independent and name brand hotel chains with a reputation for
offering consistent quality amenities. The hotel is usually small to medium sized and conveniently located to
moderately priced attractions.
Economy (One Star)-Typically smaller hotels managed by the proprietor. The hotel is often two to four stories high
and usually has a more personal atmosphere. It’s usually located near affordable attractions, major intersections and
convenient to public transportations
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: HOTELS
ROOM TYPES
Single Room -A room occupied by one person, regardless of the number of beds in the room; the
single room rate is the full price of a room for one person, regardless of the size and number of beds in
the room.
Double Room-A room with a matrimonial bed for two persons.
Twin Room-A room for two persons, in two separate single beds. The twin room rate is the full
price of a room for two persons, each occupying one bed.
Double Room -A room that can accommodate three adult persons, regardless of its configuration,
(i.e.twin room plus extra bed or double room plus extra bed)
Quad Room-A room occupied by four individuals.
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: HOTELS
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES

Accommodations -Rooms available for occupancy to guests.

Adjoining Rooms -Two or more contiguous rooms.
Complimentary Room -Non-revenue room offered by the hotel in a ration to the total number of
rooms occupied; usually one complimentary bed for every fifteen beds.
Connecting Rooms -Two or more rooms with private connecting doors, permitting access between the
rooms.
Check-in -Formalities attendant to the arrival of the guests at the place of lodging; check-in time is usually at
1400H.
Checkout -Departure of guest upon completion of stay, including settlement of personal accounts; checkout
time is normally at 1200H.
Commercial Rate -A special rate for regular guests of the hotel.
Day Rate -A special rate for non-overnight use of hotel room.
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: HOTELS
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES

Extra Bed -An additional bed placed in a room to accommodate an additional guest.
Full House -When all saleable rooms of an establishment are occupied.
Half-twin Rate -The per person rate of a twin or double room to be occupied by two persons.
Hotel Contracted Rate -A negotiated net rate agreed upon by a tour operator and a hotel,
wherein the later commits to supply rooms of a specified category at a flat rate.
Group Rate -A special, discounted hotel room rate offered to a group.
Late Arrival - A reservation that is expected to arrive at a place of lodging, with due notice,
after1800H.
Plus Plus (++)-The term used to indicate that taxes and gratuities must be added to the stated
rate
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: HOTELS
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES

Published Rate -A rate with built-in commission distributed by suppliers.

Rack Rate -The published rate of the hotel, not discounted in
anyway, with built-in commission.
Rooming List -A list that provides the names of the persons in a
group, along with such other information as who will room with who, and
the type of rooms.
Service Charge -An administrative fee, either fixed or percentile,
added to a person’s account to cover gratuities and tips.
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: TOURS
Tour-A tour is a combination of travel elements sold/or coordinated
for a group or individuals by a tour planner and arranged with an
itinerary of daily activities, some prepaid, and planned for
specific dates, sold at a price per person
Tour Operator-A tour operator is a travel entity or company that
operates assembled tour packages, accommodations, meals, and
guide
Tour Package-A tour package is a tour that includes two or more
travel components, to one or more destinations, involving one
or more overnight stays
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: TOURS
TOUR CATEGORIES
Group Tour-It is a planned tour with a specific daily itinerary and under the assumption that the
participants will travel and vacation together as a group.
Independent Tour - A tour based on independent travel.
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: TOURS
BASIC TOUR ELEMENTS
Transportation-This includes any method of moving a group of people from one point to the next.
Lodging/Accommodation-Refers to any establishment that provides shelter and overnight
accommodations to guests.
Dining-The travelling public may consume more than three meals a day in dining facilities. The tour
operator may or may not include dining in the tour package.
Sightseeing-This is what a destination has to offer in terms of natural beauty and other interests.
It may either be a guided tour or a city tour.
Attractions-This is generally considered being entertainment that requires an admission ticket of
advance registration.
Shopping-This is what tourists usually love doing in destinations..
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: TOURS
TYPE OF ITINERARIES
Descriptive Itinerary-A schedule of travel activities presented in an accurate, descriptive manner
primarily for marketing purposes.
Skeletal Itinerary-A vague, rough schedule of activities.
Technical Itinerary-A schedule of travel activities detailing times, flights, travel times, and the like.
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: TOURS
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES
Ad Hoc Tour Package -A tour put together according to the specification of the client.
Arrival Transfer -A trip from a destination’s gateway to a place of lodging.
Conducted Tour -A pre-arranged tour accompanied by a tour escort throughout, also known as ‘escorted
tour.’
Familiarization Tour -A complimentary or reduced rate tour of media people or travel agents
designed to acquaint them with a specific destination.
Ground Arrangements -A tour package classification that comprises only transfers and sightseeing
tours at a destination.
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: TOURS
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES
Guaranteed Tour -A tour generated to operate, unless canceled before an
established cutoff date.
Guided Tour -A sightseeing tour conducted by a tour guide.
Inclusive Tour -A tour package classification consisting of transportation to/from
the destination, transfers, sightseeing tours, accommodations, and specified meals.
Inclusive Escorted Tour -A tour package classification consisting of transportation
to/from the destination, sightseeing tours, accommodations, specified meals, and the
services of a tour escort.
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: TOURS
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES
Land Arrangements -A tour package classification that comprises transfers, sightseeing
tours, accommodations and specified meals at a destination.
Optional Tour-A tour that is not part of the basic package
Package Rate -Per person, twin-share rate of the tour package.
Regular Tour Package -A tour put together according to the demands of the
market to a popular tourist attraction or destination.
Single Room Supplement -A surcharge for single room accommodation in a tour
package.
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: TOURS
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES
Special Interest Tour - A tour package designed for clients with a common interest on a
specified subject.
Tour Escort/Conductor -An individual who accompanies a group of travelers from the
origin point to the destination and back in order to handle all travel details, look
after the well-being of the travelers and manage the tour.
Tour Group -At least ten or fifteen people travelling together on the same
itinerary organized by a tour operator.
 TRAVEL ESSENTIALS: TOURS
OTHER TERMINOLOGIES
Tour Guide-An individual who accompanies tourists, fora fee, commission or any
form of lawful remuneration on local sightseeing excursion to provide pertinent
commentaries and look after the general well-being.
Tour Organizer -An individual who organizes a tour package for the members of an
organization, social club, or special interest groups.
Triple Reduction -A per-person discount, based on a half-twin rate of a tour package,
granted to each of the three persons occupying a triple room for single room
accommodation in a tour package.
END OF LESSON 1
ASSIGNMENT : TOUR AND TRAVEL
MANAGEMENT
READ:
CHAPTER 2: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF TRAVELS
AND TOURS, page 11
Key words: Thomas Cook, Cox and Kings, History of
travel and agency