MODULE 4:

The Netiquette and the

Computer Ethics
Lesson 1: NETIQUETTE
What is Netiquette?
 It’s network etiquette – that is the
etiquette of cyberspace and “etiquette”
means the forms of required by good
breeding or prescribed by authority to
be required in social or official life.
 In other words netiquette is a set of

rules for behaving properly online.

 Netiquette, or network etiquette, is concerned
with the “proper” way to communicate in an
online environment.
 Consider the following “rules,” adapted from

Virginia Shea’s the Core Rules of Netiquette,

whenever you communicate in the virtual
world.
THE GOLDEN RULE – Even though you may be
interacting with a computer screen, you are
communicating with a real person who will react to
your message. Make a good impression – treat others
with the same respect that you would like to receive
and avoid confrontational or offensive language.

 Avoid Slang, Acronyms, and Text Talk

- communicating effectively in college and business
environments requires the use of correct
terminology, spelling, and grammar that can easily
be understood. For example, use “your” instead of
“ur”.
 Avoid “Screaming” in typed Messages
- typing an entire message using all capital
letters in known as “screaming”. It is
distracting and generally frowned upon in
professional environments.
- It is better to draw emphasis to selected
words or phrases by: using italic or bold text;
using different color for text or background
color; or denoting emphasis using special
characters (Example: **Important**).
 Proofread your messages before Sending
them
- proofreading your messages before you send
them is a best practice for effective and efficient
communication.
Strive to make your communications concise and free
of any:
• Spelling and grammar errors

• Confusing terms or phrases that could be

misunderstood
• Errors of omission, such as missing content or

recipients
• Errors in accuracy of information
• Exercise good Judgment when Sharing
Information with others Online
Online- E-mail and chat message that you send or
receive are considered private and should not be
forwarded or copied to other without gaining the
consent of all involved participant.

To protect your privacy and safety, do not share online

any sensitive personal information such as:
• Your home address or phone number
• Personal conversation
• Social plan, such as vacations
• Usernames, password, or hint
• Anything personal that you would not want shared by

other over the internet

• If the material you share with others online came from
another source, make every effort to gain permission
from the original author or copyright holder.

 RESPECT DIVERSITY IN VIEWPOINTS

- Be constructive and respectful when sharing
opinions, beliefs, and criticisms, or responding to those
of others in the conversation.

• When sharing a viewpoint that differs from someone

else’s, it is a best practice to first
acknowledge the other person by briefly restating what
he or she said, but in your own
words.
Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics
 Rule 1: Remember the Human When communicating
electronically, whether through email, instant message,
discussion post, text, or some other method, practice
the Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have
others do unto you.
- Remember, your written words are read by real people,
all deserving of respectful communication. Before you
press "send" or "submit," ask yourself, "Would I be okay
with this if someone else had written it?"
 Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of
behavior online that you follow in real life. While it
can be argued that standards of behavior may be
different in the virtual world, they certainly should
not be lower. You should do your best to act within
the laws and ethical manners of society whenever
you inhabit "cyberspace."
 Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace.
"Netiquette varies from domain to domain."
(Shea, 1994) Depending on where you are in
the virtual world, the same written
communication can be acceptable in one
area, where it might be considered
inappropriate in another.
 Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth.
Electronic communication takes time: time to read and
time in which to respond.
- As a virtual world communicator, it is your responsibility
to make sure that the time spent reading your words isn't
wasted.

 Rule 5: Make yourself look good online writing colostate

edu.
-Always check for spelling and grammar errors Know what
you're talking about and state it clearly Be pleasant and
polite.
 Rule 6: Share expert knowledge. The Internet
offers its users many benefits; one is the ease in
which information can be shared or accessed and
in fact, this "information sharing" capability is one
of the reasons the Internet was founded.

 Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control. What

is meant by "flaming" and "flame wars?""Flaming is
what people do when they express a strongly held
opinion without holding back any emotion." While
"flame wars," when two or three people exchange
angry posts between one another.
 Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy
Depending on what you are reading in the
virtual world, be it an online class discussion
forum, Facebook page, or an email, you may
be exposed to some private or personal
information that needs to be handled with
care.

 Rule 9: Don't abuse your power Just like in

face-to-face situations, there are people in
cyberspace who have more "power" than
others.
 Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's
mistakes Not everyone has the same amount
of experience working in the virtual world.
And not everyone knows the rules of
netiquette.
 LESSON: 2

CYBERCRIMES
What is Cyber?
Characteristics of the culture of computers,
information, technology, and virtual reality.

CYBERCRIME
Defined as a crime in which a computer is
the object of the crime (hacking, phishing,
spamming and child pornography) is used as
a tool to commit an offense.
CYBERCRIMINALS
 May use computer technology to access
personal information, business trade
secrets or use the internet for
exploitative or malicious purposes.

LAW FOR CYBERCRIME

REPUBLIC ACT NO.10175 CYBERCRIME
PREVENTION ACT OF 2012 - as law in the
Philippines approved on September 12, 2012
which aims to address legal issues concerning
online interactions and internet.
REPUBLIC ACT NO.10173 DATA PRIVACY
ACT OF 2012 - an act protecting individual
personal information.

COMMON FORMS OF CYBERVRIMES

A. Copyright
 exclusive legal right, given to an originator
or an assignee to print, publish, perform,
film, or record literary, artistic, or musical
material, and to authorize others to do the
same.
Copyright infringement - the violation,
privacy theft of a copyright holder’s exclusive
rights through the unauthorized used of a
copyrighted material or work.

B. Plagiarism
 an act or instance of using or closely
imitating the language and thoughts of
another author without authorization.
C. Computer addiction
•Offline: generally used when speaking about
excessive gaming behaviour, which can be
practiced both offline and online.

•Online: also known as “Internet Addiction”, gets

more attention in general from scientific research
than offline computer addiction, mainly because
most cases of computer addiction are related to
the excessive use of the internet.
*Virtual self – the personal you create about
yourself virtually.
CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES
a. Hacking
• Unauthorized access of or interference with
computer systems, servers, or other
information and communication systems
• Unauthorized access to corrupt, alter, steal, or
destroy electronic data using computers
or other information and communication systems
without the computer or system owner’s
knowledge and consent
• The introduction of computer viruses resulting in
the corruption, alteration, theft, or loss
of such data
• Illegal Access
• Illegal Interception
• Data Interference
• System Interference
• Misuse of Devices
• Infection of IT Systems with Malware – if the act
is committed against critical infrastructure
of the Philippines the, penalty is between 12-20
years reclusion temporal
• Six years up to twelve years of imprisonment
also known as prison mayor
b. Computer-related forgery, fraud and/or
identity theft

• An attempt to obtain sensitive information

such as usernames, passwords, and credit
card details and (indirectly money), often for
malicious reasons.
• Phishing
• Pharming
• Spam
• Maximum of Php 200,000 fine or prison mayor
c. Electronic theft

• Illegal Downloading
• Obtaining files that you do not have the
right to use from the internet.
• Digital Piracy
• Practice of illegally copying and selling
digital music, video, computer software, etc.
• Copyright Infringement
• Penalty of Php 50,000 – 500, 000 and or
prison mayor
d. Cyberbullying
• The use of electronic communication to bully a person,
typically by sending a message
of an intimidating or threatening nature.
• The Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 (RA 10627)

e. Cybersex
• Willful engagement, maintenance, control, or operation,
directly or indirectly of any
lascivious exhibition of sexual organs or sexual activity with
the aid of a computer system
for favor or consideration.
• There is a discussion on this matter if it involves “couples” or
“people in relationship” who
engage in cybersex.
• Penalty at least Php 200,000 and or prison mayor
f. Child Pornography
• Is a form of child sexual exploitation.
• Unlawful or prohibited acts defined and punishable by
Republic Act No. 9775 or the Anti_x0002_Child
Pornography Act of 2009, committed through a computer
system.
• Penalty of 12-20 years of imprisonment or reclusion
tempora

g. Cyber Defamation
• Is an unprivileged false statement of fact which tends to
harm the reputation of a person
or company.
• Penalty of 6-12 years of imprisonment or prison mayor.
Lesson 3: Internet
Threats
 Hacking is a term used to
Hacking


describe actions taken by

someone to gain unauthorized
access to a computer. The
availability of information online
on the tools, techniques, and
malware makes it easier for even
non-technical people to
undertake malicious activities.
 The process by which cyber
criminals gain access to your
computer.

What it can do:

• Find weaknesses (or pre-existing bugs) in your security settings and
exploit them in order to
access your information.
• Install a Trojan horse, providing a back door for hackers to enter and
search for your
information
Malware  Malware is one of the more
common ways to infiltrate or
damage your computer.
Malicious software that infects
your computer, such as
computer viruses, worms,
Trojan horses, spyware, and
adware.
What it can do:
• Intimidate you with scareware, which is usually a pop-up message that
tells you your
computer has a security problem or other false information.
• Reformat the hard drive of your computer causing you to lose all your
information.
• Alter or delete files.
• Steal sensitive information.
• Send emails on your behalf.
• Take control of your computer and all the software running on it.
Pharming  Pharming is a common type of
online fraud. A means to point you
to a malicious and illegitimate
website by redirecting the
legitimate URL. Even if the URL is
entered correctly, it can still be
redirected to a fake website

What it can do:

• Convince you that the site is real and legitimate by
spoofing or looking almost identical to the
actual site down to the smallest details. You may enter
your personal information and
unknowingly give it to someone with malicious intent.
 Phishing  Phishing is used most often by cyber
criminals because it's easy to execute
and can produce the results they're
looking for with very little effort. Fake
emails, text messages and websites
created to look like they're from
authentic companies. They're sent by
criminals to steal personal and
financial information from you. This
is also known as “spoofing”.
What it does:
• Trick you into giving them information by asking you to update, validate or confirm
your
account. It is often presented in a manner than seems official and intimidating, to
encourage
you to take action.
• Provides cyber criminals with your username and passwords so that they can access
your
accounts (your online bank account, shopping accounts, etc.) and steal your credit
card
numbers
Ransomware  Ransomware is a type of malware that
restricts access to your computer or
your files and displays a message that
demands payment in order for the
restriction to be removed. The two
most common means of infection
appear to be phishing emails that
contain malicious attachments and
website pop-up advertisements.

What it can do:

• There are two common types of ransomware:
• Lockscreen ransomware: displays an image that prevents you from accessing your computer
• Encryption ransomware: encrypts files on your system's hard drive and sometimes on shared
network drives, USB drives, external hard drives, and even some cloud storage drives,
preventing you from opening them
• Ransomware will display a notification stating that your computer or data have been locked
and demanding a payment be made for you to regain access. Sometimes the notification
states that authorities have detected illegal activity on your computer, and that the payment
is a fine to avoid prosecution.
What you can do:
• Do not pay the ransom. These threats are meant to scare and
intimidate you, and they do
not come from a law enforcement agency. Even if you submit
payment, there is no guarantee
that you will regain access to your system.
• If your computer has been infected (i.e. you are unable to
access your computer or your files
have been encrypted), contact a reputable computer technician
or specialist to find out
whether your computer can be repaired and your data retrieved.
• In order to lessen the impact of a ransomware infection, be
sure to regularly back-up your
data with a removable external storage drive. It's possible that
your files might be
irretrievable; having an up-to-date backup could be invaluable.
Spam  Spam is one of the more common
methods of both sending information
out and collecting it from
unsuspecting people.
 The mass distribution of unsolicited
messages, advertising or pornography
to addresses which can be easily
found on the Internet through things
like social networking sites, company
websites and personal blogs.

What it can do:

• Annoy you with unwanted junk mail.
• Create a burden for communications service providers and businesses to
filter electronic
messages.
• Phish for your information by tricking you into following links or
entering details with too-good_x0002_to-be-true offers and promotions.
• Provide a vehicle for malware, scams, fraud and threats to your privacy.
Spyware (Spyware & Adware)
 Spyware and adware are often used by
third parties to infiltrate your computer.
What it is:
 Software that collects personal

information about you without you

knowing. They often come in the form
of a ‘free' download and are installed
automatically with or without your
consent. These are difficult to remove
and can infect your computer.
What it can do:
• Collect information about you without you knowing about it and give it to third
parties.
• Send your usernames, passwords, surfing habits, list of applications you've
downloaded,
settings, and even the version of your operating system to third parties.
• Change the way your computer runs without your knowledge.
• Take you to unwanted sites or inundate you with uncontrollable pop-up ads.
Trojan Horses
 A Trojan horse may not be a term you're
familiar with, but there's a good chance
you or someone you know has been
affected by one.
 A malicious program that is disguised as,
or embedded within, legitimate software.
 It is an executable file that will install
itself and run automatically once it's
downloaded.

What it can do:

• Delete your files.
• Use your computer to hack other computers.
• Watch you through your web cam.
• Log your keystrokes (such as a credit card number you entered in
an online purchase).
• Record usernames, passwords and other personal information.
Viruses  Most people have heard of computer
viruses, but not many know exactly
what they are or what they do.
 Malicious computer programs that
are often sent as an email attachment
or a download with the intent of
infecting your computer, as well as
the computers of everyone in your
contact list. Just visiting a site can
start an automatic download of a
virus.
What they can do:
• Send spam.
• Provide criminals with access to your computer and contact lists.
• Scan and find personal information like passwords on your
computer.
• Hijack your web browser.
• Disable your security settings.
• Display unwanted ads.
• When a program is running, the virus attached to it could infiltrate your hard drive and
also
spread to USB keys and external hard drives. Any attachment you create using this
program
and send to someone else could also infect them with the virus

How will you know if your computer is infected?

Here are a few things to check for:
• It takes longer than usual for your computer to start up, it restarts on its own or doesn't
start
up at all.
• It takes a long time to launch a program.
• Files and data have disappeared.
• Your system and programs crash constantly.
• The homepage you set on your web browser is different (note that this could be caused
by
Adware that has been installed on your computer).
• Web pages are slow to load.
• Your computer screen looks distorted.
• Programs are running without your control.
• If you suspect a problem, make sure your security software is up to date and run it to
check
for infection. If nothing is found, or if you are unsure of what to do, seek technical help.
Wi-Fi Eavesdropping
 WiFi eavesdropping is another
method used by cyber criminals
to capture personal information.
 Virtual “listening in” on

information that's shared over

an unsecure (not encrypted) WiFi
network.

What it can do:

• Potentially access your computer with the right
equipment.
• Steal your personal information including logins and
passwords
Worms  Worms are a common threat to
computers and the Internet as a
whole.
 A worm, unlike a virus, goes to work
on its own without attaching itself to
files or programs. It lives in your
computer memory, doesn't damage
or alter the hard drive and propagates
by sending itself to other computers
in a network – whether within a
company or the Internet itself.

What they can do:

• Spread to everyone in your contact list.
• Cause a tremendous amount of damage by shutting
down parts of the Internet, wreaking
havoc on an internal network and costing companies’
enormous amounts of lost revenue.
THANK YOU!