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Graphics Processing Unit

GPU is a single-chip processor used primarily to manage and boost performance of video and graphics. It is a dedicated parallel processor that accelerates graphical and deeper computations to lessen the workload of the CPU and produce faster video and graphics. GPUs can be thought of as an extension of the CPU with thousands of cores and are extensively used in PCs, mobile phones, workstations, and game consoles. They are mainly used for offloading computationally intensive applications.

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79 views14 pages

Graphics Processing Unit

GPU is a single-chip processor used primarily to manage and boost performance of video and graphics. It is a dedicated parallel processor that accelerates graphical and deeper computations to lessen the workload of the CPU and produce faster video and graphics. GPUs can be thought of as an extension of the CPU with thousands of cores and are extensively used in PCs, mobile phones, workstations, and game consoles. They are mainly used for offloading computationally intensive applications.

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B.Biju
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GPU

GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT

By
BIJU B
202023
A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a
single-chip processor primarily used to
manage and boost the performance of
video and graphics.
It is a dedicated parallel processor for
accelerating graphical and deeper computations.
GPU is designed to lessen the work of the CPU
and produce faster video and graphics.
GPU can be thought as an extension of CPU
with thousands of cores.
A GPU is extensively used in a PC on a video
card or motherboard, mobile phones, display
adapters, workstations and game consoles
They are mainly used for offloading
computation intensive application.
This is also known as a visual
processing unit (VPU).
S.NO CPU GPU
CPU stands for Central While GPU stands for Graphics
1. Processing Unit. Processing Unit.

CPU consumes or needs more While it consumes or requires


2. memory than GPU. less memory than CPU.

The speed of CPU is less than While GPU is faster than CPU’s
3. GPU’s speed. speed.

CPU contain minute powerful While it contain more weak


4. cores. cores.

CPU is suitable for serial While GPU is not suitable for


5. instruction processing. serial instruction processing.

CPU is not suitable for parallel While GPU is suitable for


6. instruction processing. parallel instruction processing.

While GPU emphasis on high


7. CPU emphasis on low latency.
throughput.
CPU GPU

Core 1 Core 2 FP FP FP FP FP

Registers Registers Registers

L1 Dcache L1 Dcache Write L1 cache Write


Back through

Small Very
L2 Cache 4MB L2 Cache small

Low High
DDR2 RAM Bandwidth GDDR4 RAM Bandwidth
8GB 8GB
GPU features
The following are prominent features of GPU:
• 2-D or 3-D graphics
• Digital output to flat panel display monitors
• Texture mapping
• Application support for high-intensity graphics software such as AutoCAD
• Rendering polygons(Polygons are used in computer graphics to compose
images that are three-dimensional in appearance)
• Support for YUV[Y′ stands for the luma component (the brightness) and U
and V are the chrominance (color) components] color space
• Hardware overlays(provides a method of rendering an image to a display
screen with a dedicated memory buffer inside computer video hardware.
The technique aims to improve the display of a fast-moving video image —
such as a computer game)
• MPEG decoding
Development of GPU
• The first GPU was developed by NVidia in 1999 and named as GeForce 256.
• This GPU model could process 10 million polygons per second and had
more than 22 million transistors.
• This is a single-chip processor with integrated transform, drawing and
BitBLT support, lighting effects, triangle setup /clipping and rendering
engines.
• The GPU is connected to the CPU and is completely separate from the
motherboard.
• The RAM is connected through the Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or the
PCI(peripheral component interconnect) express bus.
• Sometimes, GPUs are integrated into the north bridge on the motherboard
and use the main memory as a digital storage area, but these GPUs are
slower and have poorer performance.
Development of GPU
• He accelerated memory in GPU is used for mapping vertices and can also
supports programmable shade implementing textures, mathematical
vertices and accurate color formats.
• Applications such as Computer-Aided Design (CAD) can process over 200
billion operations per second and deliver up to 17 million polygons per
second.
• The main configurations of GPU processor are: Graphics coprocessor which
is independent of CPU and Graphics accelerator that is based on commands
from CPU.
Input Assembler stage
• This stage is the communication bridge between the CPU and GPU.

• It receives commands from the CPU and also pulls geometry information

from system memory.


• It outputs a stream of vertices in object space with all their associated

information.
Vertex Processing(color, texture, position, direction)
• This processes vertices performing operations like transformation, skinning

and lighting.
• A vertex shade takes a single input vertex and produces a single output

vertex.
Pixel Processing
• Each pixel provided by triangle setup is fed into pixel
processing as a set of attributes which are used to compute
the final color for this pixel.
• The computations taking place here include texture mapping
and math operations
Output Merger Stage
• The output-merger stage combines various types of output
data to generate the final pipeline result.
THANK YOU

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