GOOD MORNING

EVERYONE 
MATHEMATIC
S
10
 Classroom Rules:
L – listen very carefully and attentively
when the discussion is going on.

S – stand if you are called or raise your

right hand if you want to answer.

P – participate in every class

activity/discussion.
 was a French Mathematician, Physicist,
Inventor, Philosopher and Writer.
Pascal’s one of the most influential
contributions to Mathematics was the
“Probability Theory”.
His major invention in Physics was in
the field of Fluid Mechanics and
Pressure. In honour of his scientific
contributions, the name Pascal was given
Blaise Pascal to SI unit of pressure and Pascal’s Law (an
important principle of hydrostatics).
 Quick Review!
Case 1: “/”, read as “such that”
A = {x/x is a prime number from 1-10}
B = {x/x is an even number from 1-10}

How can you illustrate the following sets

in a Venn diagram?
 Quick Review!
A B

1 3 2 4 6
5 7 8 10

Note: elements in A is for set A (prime numbers), elements in B is for set B (even
numbers), and 2 is the common element between the two sets.
 Activity #1: DECK OF CARDS
Instructions:
1.A deck of cards is given and you are to give
the probability (chances) of getting the
following scenario.
 Guide Questions:
1. What is the probability of drawing a
spade?
2. What is the probability of drawing a
heart?
3. What is the probability of having the
faces in a deck of cards?
1. What is the probability of drawing a spade?

1. =52 cards in a deck and there are 13 spade

(from ace to king), therefore the probability is
13/52.
2. What is the probability of drawing a heart?

2. =52 cards in a deck and there are 13 heart

(from ace to king), therefore the probability is
13/52.
3. What is the probability of having the faces
in a deck of cards?

3. =52 cards in a deck and there are 3 faces (from

jack to king), therefore the probability is 12/52 or
3/13.
PROBABILITY
OF A UNION OF
TWO EVENTS
 It is my GOAL
for each of you to become
MASTERS of
PROBABILIT
Y
 Objectives:

relate real-life
illustrate problem/s
define probability of a
union of two
that involve/s
probability. probability.
events; and
Definition of Terms:
 Outcome – one possible result of a probability.
 Sample Space – the list of possible outcomes for a probability
event. Also defined as a universal set of all possible outcomes
from a given experiment.
 Simple Event – is an event that describes a single outcome.
 Compound Event – an event made up of two or more simple
events.
 Mutually exclusive events – are events that cannot both occur
in the same trial of an experiment. Rolling a 1 and rolling a 2
on the same roll of a number cube are mutually exclusive
events.
Definition of Terms:
 Inclusive Events – are events that have one or more outcomes in
common. When you roll a number cube, the outcomes “rolling
an even number” and “rolling a prime number” are not mutually
exclusive.
 Independent Events - When two events are said to be
independent of each other, what this means is that the probability
that one event occurs in no way affects the probability of the
other event occurring.
- An example of two independent events is as follows; say
you rolled a die and flipped a coin. The probability of getting any
number face on the die in no way influences the probability of
getting a head or a tail on the coin.
Definition of Terms:
 Dependent Events - When two events are said to be
dependent, the probability of one event occurring influences
the likelihood of the other event.
- For example, if you were to draw a two cards from
a deck of 52 cards. If on your first draw you had an ace and
you put that aside, the probability of drawing an ace on the
second draw is greatly changed because you drew an ace the
first time.
 Union - The union of two sets is a new set that contains all of
the elements that are in at least one of the two sets. The union
is written as:
AB
 What is
Probability?
Probability
Refers to the # of favorable outcomes
over the # of possible outcomes.

number of favorable outcomes

P(event)=
number of possible outcomes
 Additional Rule:
 Rule1: When two events , A and B, are mutually
exclusive, the probability that A or B will occur is the
sum of the probability of each event.
P(A or B) = P(A) + P (B)

Experiment 1: A single 6-sided die is rolled. What is the

probability of rolling a 2 or a 5?
Possibilities: 1. The number rolled can be a 2.
2. The number rolled can be a 5.
Events: These events are mutually exclusive since they
cannot occur at the same time.
Additional Rule:
 Rule 2: When two events, A and B, are non-mutually
exclusive, the probability that A or B will occur is: P(A or
B) = P(A) + P (B) – P(A and B)
Experiment 2: A single card is chosen at random from a
standard deck of 52 playing cards. What is the probability of
choosing a king or a club?
-The events are non-mutually exclusive. The addition causes
the king of clubs to be counted twice, so its probability must be
subtracted. When two events are non-mutually exclusive, a
different addition rule must be used.
4 + 13 - 1 = 16 = 4
52 52 52 52 13
 Example 1:
Of 1560 students surveyed, 840 were
seniors and 630 read a daily paper. The
rest of the students were juniors. Only 215
of the paper readers were juniors. What is
the probability that a student was a senior
or read a daily paper?
Solutions:
 Step 1: Use a Venn diagram. Label  Step 3: Find the probability.
as much information as you know.
Being a senior and reading the P(senior  reads paper)
paper are inclusive events. = P(senior) + P(reads paper) – P(senior 
reads paper)

-The probability that the student was a senior

or read the daily paper is about 67.6%.

 Step 2: Find the number in the

overlapping region. Subtract 215
from 630. This is the number of
senior paper readers, 415.
 Example 2:
Of 160 beauty spa customers, 96 had a
hair styling and 61 had a manicure. There
were 28 customers who had only a
manicure. What is the probability that a
customer had a hair styling or a
manicure?
Solutions:
 Step 1: Use a Venn diagram. Label  Step 3: Find the probability.
as much information as you know.
Having a hair styling and a P(hair  manicure)
manicure are inclusive events. =P(hair) + P(manicure) – P(hair 
manicure)

160 customers

63 33 28
- The probability that a
customer had a hair styling
or manicure is 77.5%.
hair styling manicure

 Step 2 Find the number in the

overlapping region. Subtract 28
from 61. This is the number of hair
stylings and manicures, 33.
Example 4:
A bag contains 3 green and 2 purple
marbles. What is the probability of
drawing two green marbles in a row
from the bag if the first marble is
replaced?

= P(purple, then purple) = 2/5 * 2/5 =

4/25
YOUR TURN!

Try with
yourself!
Activity #2: Board Work!
 Problem #1: Joanna had 3 roses, 4 tulips, and 1 carnation in a vase.
She randomly selected one flower, took a photo of it, and put it
back. She then repeated the steps. What is the probability that she
selected a rose both times?
 Problem #2: Roll a dice
What is the probability of rolling back to back sixes?
 Problem #3: Flip a coin
What is the probability of flipping back to back heads?
 Problem #4: Deck of cards
What is the probability of drawing 2 clubs?
Solutions:
Problem #1: =P(rose, then rose) = 3/8 * 3/8 = 9/64

Problem #2: =P(6, then 6) = 1/6 * 1/6 = 1/36

Problem #3: =P(head, then head) = ½ * ½ = ¼

Problem #4: =P(clubs, then clubs) = 13/52 * 13/52 =

1/16
Activity #3: Video Analysis
Guide Questions:
1. How does probability applied in real-life
situation?
2. Did you experienced applying
probability in a situation? In what situation
and how?
3. How does probability affects your
decision making in life?
To generalize:

1. How will you define

probability?
2. What is the formula of
probability?
Answers:
1. Refers to the # of favorable outcomes over
the # of possible outcomes.

2. .

P(event) = number of favorable outcomes

number of possible outcomes
Assessment:
 In a ½ crosswise. Find the probability of the following events.
Show your solutions. (2 pts. each)
1. What is the probability of rolling back to back evens using a dice?
2. What is the probability of a flipping a head using a coin?
3. A card is drawn from a deck of 52. Find the probability of drawing a red
card (hearts or diamonds).
4-5. From a deck of cards, what is the probability of drawing 2 hearts (without
replacement)?
Hint: (1) how many cards are in a deck?
(2) how many hearts are in a deck?
(3) if you draw a heart how many cards are left? And how many of
those cards are hearts?
Solutions:
= 3/6 * 3/6 = 9/36 = 1/4
1

2 = 1/2

3 = 26/52

4-5 = 13/52 * 12/51 = 1/17

Assignment: In a 1 whole sheet of paper.

To those who got scores of:

7 and below = re-answer the quiz.
8 and above = research in advance about
“Probability of A union B (using union
set)” and give at least 2 examples.
 Exit Slip
Write these thing in a ¼ sheet of paper
and put it in the box near the door (with
your name).
1. What is/are your insight/s for today’s
lesson? Put your responses in the box
before leaving.
THANK YOU
and
GOD BLESS!!!
PRESENTED BY:

ROMEO M. ESCARIAL
TEACHER-DEMONSTRATOR