COMPUTER ASSEMBLY

AND DISASSEMBLY
COMPUTER ASSEMBLY

 Computer assembly is an essential job of a computer installation technician

 The technician has to work in a logical, methodical manner while handling
various computer components and peripherals
 The technician can improve the computer assembly skills with practice
 Computer assembly is a process in which all the internal components
required for the computer system are fitted so as to make the computer
functional
 There is a proper sequence of attachment of each and every component into
the computer system
 To establish proper connectivity, one has to use the tools
 Proper handling of tools is also required by the technician
Computer assembly is a systematic process
First, arrange the computer parts
 The sequence for assembly and working of the computer listed below is as:
1) Open the case
2) Install the power supply
3) Attach the components to the motherboard
4) Install the motherboard
5) Install internal drives
6) Connect all internal cables
7) Install motherboard power connections
8) Connect external cables to the computer
9) Boot the computer for the first time
 Prepare the workspace before starting installation of the computer
 There should be adequate lighting, good ventilation, and a comfortable room
temperature
 The workbench or table should be accessible from all sides
 Avoid cluttering the surface of the workbench or table with tools and
computer components
 An anti‑static mat on the table will help to prevent physical and electrostatic
discharge (ESD) damage to equipment
 Small containers can be used to hold small screws and other parts as they are
being removed
 Material Required
• Computer case, with power supply installed
• Motherboard
• CPU
• Heat sink/fan assembly
• Thermal compound
• RAM module(s)
• Motherboard standoffs and screws
• Anti‑static wrist strap and anti‑static mat
• Tool kit
Procedure
Step 1: Open the case
• The first step in assembling a computer is to open the computer
case(Figure 12.1)
• The computer comes with various types of cabinets
• The method for opening the case is different based on the manufacturer
• To open the case, first remove the screws of the left side cover and slide
the side cover (Figure 12.3)
Step 2 : Install the power supply
 The next step is to install a power supply (Figure 12.4)
 There are usually four screws that attach the power supply to the case
 Power supplies have fans that can vibrate and loosen screws that are not secured
 When installing a power supply, make sure that all of the screws are used and
that they are properly tightened
• Insert the power supply into the case
• Align the holes in the power supply with the holes in the case
• Secure the power supply to the case using the proper screws
 Step 3: Attach the components to motherboard
 The motherboard has to be prepared before its installation
 To prepare the motherboard, you first need to install the CPU, then the heat sink on
the CPU and CPU fan
CPU
 The CPU and motherboard are sensitive to electrostatic discharge
 So place them on a grounded anti‑static mat and wear an anti‑static wrist strap
while handling the CPU
 When handling a CPU, do not touch the CPU contacts at any point
 The CPU is secured to the socket on the motherboard with a locking assembly
 Thermal compound which is used to conduct heat away from the CPU
is applied on the top of CPU
 In case of an old CPU, first clean the top of the CPU, and then apply
the thermal compound
 Clean the top of the CPU and the base of the heat sink with isopropyl
alcohol and a lint‑free cloth
 This removes the old thermal compound
 Then apply a new layer of thermal compound (see Figure 12.6)
 Heat sink and fan assembly
 Heat sink and fan assembly is a two‑part cooling device
 The heat sink draws heat away from the CPU
 The fan moves the heat away from the heat sink
 The assembly has a 3‑pin power connector
 To install a CPU and heat sink and fan assembly, follow these steps:
• First, open the CPU load plate
• Align the CPU orientation so that the notches on the CPU are aligned
with the orientation keys on CPU socket
• Place the CPU gently into the socket
• Close the CPU load plate
• Close the load lever
• Apply a small amount of thermal compound to top of the CPU (see
Figure 12.6)
• Screw the CPU fan on the heat sink
• Align the heat sink and fan assembly with the holes on the motherboard
• Place the assembly onto the CPU socket carefully
• Screw the assembly on the motherboard (see Figure 12.8)
• Connect the assembly power cable to the CPU fan connector on the motherboard
Installation of RAM
 It is better to install the RAM first on the motherboard and then fix the motherboard in the
case
 To install RAM, first ensure its compatibility with the motherboard
 If DDR3 is mentioned on the motherboard, then DDR3 RAM may be fixed in the memory
slot
 To install RAM, follow these steps
• Press down the side locks of the memory slot (see Figure 12.9)
• Align the notches on the RAM module to the keys in the slot and press down
on both ends of RAM module until the side lock gets locked
• Make sure that the side tabs have locked the RAM module
• Repeat the above steps to install additional RAM modules
Step 4: Install motherboard
 After preparing the motherboard, you can install the computer case, as shown in
Figure 12.10.
 Plastic and metal standoffs are used to mount the motherboard and to prevent it
from touching the metal portions of the case
 To install the motherboard, follow these steps:
• Lay the motherboard over the standoffs to mount it on the holes.
• Align the screw holes of the motherboard with the standoffs.
• Then screw the board using a standard screwdriver.
• Tighten all the motherboard screws.
• Connect the 4‑pin ATX power connector from the power supply to the
motherboard.
Step 5: Install internal drives Hard drive
The hard drive is the device which stores all the data.
 It is 3.5 inch wide and needs to be mounted so that access to the cable
connections on the back is gained
 Drives that are installed in internal bays are called internal drives
 A hard disk drive (HDD) is an example of an internal drive
 To install HDD, follow these steps:
• Position the HDD so that it aligns with the 3.5 inch drive bay
• Insert the HDD into the drive bay so that the screw holes in the drive line
up with the screw holes in the case (see Figure 12.12)
• Secure the HDD to the case using proper screws (see Figure 12.13).
Optical drive
• Position the optical drive so that it aligns with the 5.25 inch drive bay
• Insert the optical drive into the drive bay so that the optical drive screw
holes align with the screw holes in the case (see Figure 12.14)
• Secure the optical drive to the case using the proper screws (see Figure
12.15)
• Connect the power cable coming from the SMPS to the power socket of
optical drive
• Connect SATA data cable from optical drive socket to the motherboard
socket.
Step 6: Connect all internal cables
 Power cables are used to distribute electricity from the power supply to
the motherboard and other components
 Data cables transmit data between the motherboard and storage devices,
such as hard drives
Step 7: Install motherboard power connections
 Just like other components, motherboards require power to operate
 The Advanced Technology eXtended (ATX) main power connector will
have either 20 or 24 pins
 The power supply may also have a 4‑pin or 6‑pin auxiliary (AUX) power
connector that connects to the motherboard
 A 20‑pin connector will work in a motherboard with a 24‑pin socket.
Follow these steps for motherboard power cable installation:
• Align the 20‑pin ATX power connector with the socket on the motherboard
• Gently press down on the connector until the clip clicks into place (see Figure
12.18)
• Align the 4‑pin AUX power connector with the socket on the motherboard
• Gently press down on the connector until the clip clicks into place (see Figure
12.19).
SATA power connectors
 SATA power connectors use a 15‑pin connector (see Figure 12.20)
 Serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) power connectors are used to
connect to hard disk drives, optical drives, or any devices that have a SATA
power socket.
Step 8: Connect external cables to the computer
 Setting up the computer system involves the complete process of establishing the
proper connectivity of various parts of the computer system — input and output
devices, connectivity of computer with the surge power supply
 Reattach the side panels to the case
 The process of connecting the external cables given below:
Locate the monitor cable
 Locate the two power cable and one VGA cable or monitor cable (see Figure 12.21)
 The VGA cable is used to connect to monitor and another point on to the back side of the
cabinet
Connecting monitor
 Connect one end of the cable to the monitor port on the back of the computer case and
the other end to the monitor
 In case of VGA cable as shown in Figure 12.22 tighten the screws on the monitor
cable to secure it
 The cables will only fit in a specific way. If the cable does not fit, do not force it,
otherwise the connectors might get damaged
 Make sure the plug aligns with the port, then connect it
 So, first identify all the cables, ports, and connectors
 Connecting keyboard Unpack the keyboard and determine whether it uses a USB
(rectangular) connector or a PS/2 (round) connector
 If they have colour coded plugs that are light green and lavender, plug them into the
corresponding colour‑coded ports, it is more likely if they use round PS/2 connectors
 If it uses a USB connector, plug it into any of the USB ports on the back of the
computer
Connecting mouse
 Unpack the mouse and determine whether it uses a USB or PS/2
connector
 If it uses a USB connector, plug it into any of the USB ports on the back
of the computer
 If it uses a PS/2 connector, plug it into the green mouse port on the back
of the computer
 In case of wireless mouse or keyboard, connect a Bluetooth dongle (USB
adapter) in one of the USB ports of the computer
 However, it is not necessary to connect an adapter for the modern
computers which have built‑in Bluetooth
 Connecting headphones or speakers, and microphone Connect the external
speakers or headphones, to computer’s audio port (either on the front or back
of the computer case)
 The modern computers have colour‑coded ports. Speakers or headphones
connect to the green port, and microphones connect to the pink port
 The blue port is the line‑in, which can be used with other types of devices.
They can be also connected to the USB port
 Some speakers, headphones, and microphones have USB connectors instead
of the usual audio plug
 Connect them to any USB port. Some computers have speakers or
microphones built into the monitor
Connect the computer to a power supply
• Locate the two power supply cables that came with the computer
• Plug the first power supply cable into the back of the computer case and
then into a surge protector
• Then, using the other cable, connect the monitor to the surge protector
• It is better to use an uninterruptable power supply (UPS), which acts as a
surge protector and provides the back up when the power goes off
Ups (uninterruptible power supply)
• While working on computer, its power supply should not be interrupted
• UPS is like a power bank which gives power to the computer system
• So make sure to plug power cable of monitor and cabinet into the UPS
power output socket
• Ensure the connection is proper
Plug the surge protector
• Plug the surge protector into a wall outlet after finishing the
connectivity of all the parts and peripherals, plug the surge protector
into the main power supply
Connecting printer, scanner, webcam
• To connect the peripherals such as printer, scanner, webcam,
identify the respective connectors of the cable and port on the
cabinet
• Plug in the connectors of these peripherals in respective ports
• Correctly plugging in will recognize the peripherals as they are plug
and play devices
 It may be required to install their software drivers for them to function properly
 Use the instructions included with the device to install them if necessary
 Installation of peripherals is optional, and it be can added at any time; it may not
be required during the initial setup of your computer
 Checklist the following before starting the computer :
• VGA cable of monitor is connected to the cabinet or not
• Power cable of monitor and cabinet has been plugged into the UPS power
output socket. Make sure monitor is connected to the power supply or not
• Keyboard and mouse both are connected to their proper ports
 Step 9: Starting the computer
 To start the computer, it is necessary to follow the correct sequence to
start up. Now push the power button on the CPU to start the computer
COMPUTER DISASSEMBLY
 Disassembly is the process of breaking down a device into separate parts
 Disassembly of any device is required to determine a problem, to replace a
part, or take the parts and use them in another device
 A computer is also an electronic device which requires disassembly for
such issues
 For example, if a RAM gets dysfunctional in a computer, then it requires
disassembling the computer to take out the dysfunctional RAM and replace
it with new RAM chips
 Computers have standard internal components, but the way of placement
may vary as per the PC tower case and different brands of computer
 The best way is to refer to the manufacturer instructions manual
 Just like computer assembly, the disassembly is a standard process
 The process involves unplugging of all the cords and cables connecting a
component to other components, then removing the part from the case or frame
 Components can be attached to the case with special clips, screws, or by insertion
into a holder
 A small amount of force is required to remove each part of the computer system.
Material Required
• One working PC
• An anti‑static wrist strap
• An anti‑static mat
• Anti‑static bags of various sizes
• Technician’s toolkit
• A plastic cup or box to organise screws, nuts, and bolts
Procedure
Step 1: Unplugging
 Unplug the power cord from the PC and from the wall socket to prevent
any injuries and damage of the PC from electrostatic discharge (ESD)
• Unplug all the peripherals attached to the computer, such as the keyboard,
mouse, monitor, headphones, and any external drives
• Wear a grounding strap to discharge any static electricity
Step 2: Open the case
The computer comes with various types of cabinets
The methods of opening the case are different based on the manufacturer
• To open the case, first remove the screws of the left side cover and slide
the side cover
• Pull the latch to release the side panel
Step 3: Disconnect all the connectors
 Disconnect all the connectors connected to the motherboard
 These include SATA power cable and data cable of HDD as well as SATA
cable of optical drive
Step 4: Remove the fan
• Most computers have two fans — the system fan and CPU fan
• The system fan is located at the back side of the computer to blow air
into the computer
• The CPU fan is located on top of the CPU heat sink
• The fans and its connectors are labelled with their names
• To remove the system fan, first, disconnect its connector from the
motherboard. Then, unscrew it from the outside of the back of the case
and lift the fan out of the system (see Figure 12.43)
• To remove the CPU fan from the heat sink, first, disconnect its connector
from the motherboard. Then remove the four screws securing it (see
Figure 12.44).
 Step 5: Remove the power supply
 The power supply is connected to the motherboard by a 20‑pin connector and
4‑pin connector
 It is also connected to hard disk drive and the optical drive
 Firstly, disconnect hard disk drive and the optical drive connectors from the
motherboard (see Figure 12.47)
 Disconnect the power cable of the hard disk and optical drive which connects
to the SMPS (see Figure 12.48)
 • Remove the screws that secure the power supply unit to the chassis (see
Figure 12.49)
 • Carefully lift the power supply out of the chassis (see Figure 12.50)
 Step 6: Removing HDD and optical drive
 • Remove the SATA cable connecting to the HDD and
motherboard
Step 7: Remove RAM (random access memory) modules
 RAM allows for the transfer of information to and from the CPU
 Computer runs fast with more RAM
 Most computers have four RAM slots, and two RAM chips
 To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the RAM in
place, which are located at both ends of the RAM
 It will cause the module to pop up for easy removal.
Step 8: Remove expansion cards
 The modern motherboards are integrated with the audio, video and
network cards
 The expansion card is screwed with a single screw on top of
expansion card slot
• To remove the expansion cards, disconnect the cables attached to it
• Remove the screws securing the card in the slot. • Carefully take out the
card from the slot
 Step 9: Remove motherboard Every part of the computer is attached to the
motherboard. The CPU, RAM, and expansion cards are directly attached to
the motherboard. To remove the motherboard, disconnect all the cables from
the motherboard. It has seven screws holding it to the frame. Remove these
screws and then lift the motherboard out of the frame.
 Step 10: Reassemble the components
 Identify every component and take its photograph
 •After identification of each component, put all the components
back in their place and ensure that all cables and wires are
connected at the right place to avoid further troubleshooting
 • Close the case and put the screws back in their place
 • Lastly, connect every external device such as the keyboard,
mouse, monitor, etc., and turn on the computer to see everything is
working fine after assembled.