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3 Methods

This document discusses various circuit analysis methods including nodal analysis, mesh analysis, and analysis by inspection. For nodal analysis, it describes how to write nodal equations by applying Kirchhoff's Current Law at each node, including cases with voltage sources. For mesh analysis, it explains how to write mesh equations using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law for each loop, along with examples of circuits with current sources. It also provides an overview of analysis by inspection which can be used when all sources are independent current sources for nodal analysis or independent voltage sources for mesh analysis.

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Md. Hasan Emam 2212478042
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18 views24 pages

3 Methods

This document discusses various circuit analysis methods including nodal analysis, mesh analysis, and analysis by inspection. For nodal analysis, it describes how to write nodal equations by applying Kirchhoff's Current Law at each node, including cases with voltage sources. For mesh analysis, it explains how to write mesh equations using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law for each loop, along with examples of circuits with current sources. It also provides an overview of analysis by inspection which can be used when all sources are independent current sources for nodal analysis or independent voltage sources for mesh analysis.

Uploaded by

Md. Hasan Emam 2212478042
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

DC Circuits

Dr. Md. Aynal Haque


Professor
Department of EEE, BUET

Email: aynal@eee.buet.ac.bd
aynal.haque@northsouth.edu
Cell: 018 1763 8600
Topic 3

Methods of
Circuit Analysis
Introduction

09/06/2023
Nodal Analysis without Voltage Source

• Make use of node voltages as circuit variables.


• Given a circuit with n nodes:
1. Select a node as the reference node.
Reference node  Node with 0 potential.
2. Assign voltages v1, v2,… vn-1 to the remaining n-1 nodes.
The voltages are referenced with respect to the reference node .
3. Apply KCL to each of the n-1 non-reference nodes.
Use Ohm’s Law to express the branch currents in terms of node voltages .
4. Solve to determine the unknown node voltages.
Use substitution method or Cramer’s Rule.

09/06/2023
Nodal Analysis without Voltage Source

• Example 1:
– Obtain the node voltages.

Answer
09/06/2023
v1 = -2v
Nodal Analysis without Voltage Source

• Example 2:
– Find the voltages at the three non-reference nodes.

Answer
v1 = 80v
v2 = -64v
v3 = 156v
09/06/2023
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source

• Two cases to consider:


– Case 1: A voltage source is connected between reference node and
non-reference node.
• Set the voltage at the non-reference node equal to the voltage source.

– Case 2: A voltage source connected between two non-reference


nodes
• The two non-reference nodes form a super node.
• Apply both KCL and KVL to determine the node voltages.

Super node is formed by enclosing a (dependent or independent)


voltage source connected between two non-reference nodes and any
elements connected in parallel with it.

09/06/2023
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source

• Properties of super node:

– The voltage source inside the super node provides constraint


equation needed to solve for the node voltages.
– A super node has no voltage of its own.
– A super node requires the application of both KCL and KVL.

09/06/2023
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source

• Example 1: Find v and i

v=-0.2v, i = 1.4A

09/06/2023
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source

• Example 2: Find v1, v2 and v3 using nodal analysis

v1 =3.043 V, v2 =-6.956 V, v3 = 0.6522 V

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis
• Make use of mesh currents as circuit variables
• A mesh is a loop that does not contain any other loop
within it.
• Only applicable to a planar circuit
• Planar circuit:
– A circuit that can be drawn in a plane with no branches
crossing one another; otherwise non-planar.

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis
• Planar circuit:

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis
• Non-planar circuit
– No way to redraw it and avoid the branches crossing

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis without Current Sources

• Given a circuit with n meshes.

1. Assign mesh currents i1, i2, .. in to the n meshes. Assume


mesh current flows clockwise.
2. Apply KVL to each of the n meshes. Use Ohm’s Law to
express the voltages in terms of mesh currents.

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis without Current Sources

• Example 1: Determine mesh currents i1 and i2.

i1 = 2/3 A
i2 = 0A

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis without Current Sources

• Example 2: Determine I0 .

I0 = -5A

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis with Current Sources

• Two cases to consider:


– Case 1: A current source exists only in one mesh.
• Set the mesh current = current source.

– Case 2: A current source exists between the two meshes.


• Create super mesh by excluding the current source and any
elements connected in series with it.

#A super mesh results when two meshes have a (dependent or independent)


current source in common.

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis with Current Sources

• Properties of super mesh:


– Current source in the super mesh provides the constraint.
– Super mesh has no current of its own.
– Super mesh requires the application of both KVL and KCL.

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis with Current Sources

• Example 1: Determine i1, i2 and i3.


i1=3.474
i2 =0.4737
i3 =1.1052

09/06/2023
Nodal Analysis by Inspection
• Implemented when all
sources in the circuit are
independent current
sources.
• Convert resistors to
conductors.

09/06/2023
Nodal Analysis by Inspection
• Example: By inspection, determine the node-voltage
equations for the circuit.

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis by Inspection
• Implemented when all sources in the circuit are
independent voltage sources.

09/06/2023
Mesh Analysis by Inspection
• Example: By inspection, determine the mesh-current
equations for the circuit.

09/06/2023
Questions???

Thank You!!!

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