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HP LP Bypass

The document describes the purpose and operation of a high pressure/low pressure (HP/LP) bypass system in a steam power plant. The HP/LP bypass system allows the boiler to operate independently of the turbine during startups, low loads, and sudden load reductions. It maintains steam flow through superheater and reheater tubes to prevent overheating. The bypass system includes HP and LP bypass valves that dump steam alternately to the condenser or reheat line. Protections are in place to prevent condenser overpressure or vacuum loss during bypass operations.

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279 views34 pages

HP LP Bypass

The document describes the purpose and operation of a high pressure/low pressure (HP/LP) bypass system in a steam power plant. The HP/LP bypass system allows the boiler to operate independently of the turbine during startups, low loads, and sudden load reductions. It maintains steam flow through superheater and reheater tubes to prevent overheating. The bypass system includes HP and LP bypass valves that dump steam alternately to the condenser or reheat line. Protections are in place to prevent condenser overpressure or vacuum loss during bypass operations.

Uploaded by

harisankar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HP/LP BYPASS SYSTEM

HP & LP Bypass System


Purpose
 Primarily meant to enable Boiler operation independent of
the turbine
 Opening o HPBP & LPBP Valves ensures minimum steam
flow through superheater & reheater tubes during start-ups,
low load operation & sudden unloading of unit
 Utilized or building up of steam parameters quickly before
starting of the turbine online
 Avoiding the boiler trip on Reheat protection
 No steam flow through Boiler steam tubes will lead to
starvation & thereby overheating and lead to premature
failure of tubes
HP & LP Bypass System
HP & LP Bypass System
For 500 MW
Steam 1700 T Hr
HP bypass 1020 T/Hr
 Provides the alternative path for boiler operation
 HP Bypass dumps steam into CRH inlet of re-heater
 LP Bypass bypasses IPT & LPT and dumps steam
into condenser
 The capacity of HPLP bypass is 60% of full load
turbine steam flow
 Reduces chances of opening of Boiler safety valves
at raised steam pressures
Reheat Protection
RH protection (delay=10 sec) will act if

 TURBINE HP V/V & HPBP CLOSED [ either turbine


HP stop v/v or HP CV in both HP line closed ] &
[ both HP BP <2%] OR
 TURBINE IP V/V & LP BP closed [ Either IP stop v/v
or IP CV v/v in both IP line closed ] & [ Either LP BP
stop v/v or LP BP C/V in both LP line is closed] OR
 Generator ckt bkr open & [both HP BP closed OR
both LP BP closed
HP Bypass System
Benefits
 Boiler start-up without starving superheater & reheater
tubes, till the opening of turbine steam control valves
 Raising the steam parameters (press& temp) quickly, to a
level acceptable for the starting of the turbine at an
optimum rate
 Continued Boiler operation while tripping of turbine provided
boiler load <60%
 Avoiding Reheat protection

 Conservation of DM water, during start-up or Shut down (by


dumping steam into condenser instead of atmosphere)
 Maintain sufficient steam pressure in the CRH line for
auxiliary steam supply purpose during low load condition
HP Bypass System
HP Bypass System
HP Bypass consists of:
 Bypass Valves BP1 & BP2

 Spray water pressure controller BD valve

 Spray water temp. controller BPE1, BPE2 valves

 2 nos Hydraulic Oil Supply units

MS press. ahead of HPT is maintained by proper


adjustment of BP valves
Steam temp in CRH line controlled by BPE valves
Oil Supply Unit
 OSU provides Energy for operation of steam valves
 Consists of Filters, Axial piston pump, Relief valve, NRV,
Oil Accumulator, Press reducing valve, Ball Cocks
 Axial Pump maintains Contant oil press. in the accumulator
by automatic operation
 Gas filled bladder to retain oil press in accumulator or fairly
long duration
 A safety valve protects the system from excessive pressure
HP BP Hydraulic System

140 ksc
Oil Supply Unit Interlocks
 Pump Auto off Oil Press high >160ksc
 Pump Auto on Oil Press Low <120ksc
 Pump Auto off Oil Temp high >70 DegC
 Alarm Oil Press too high >170ksc
 Alarm Oil Press too Low <90ksc
Pressure Control

Mode of Operation
Initial Pressure Mode
Importance to the load
Fixed Pressure Mode
Importance to the Health of
turbine.
Temperature Control
HP BP Protection
BP Valve Priority Close Conditions
 Condenser Vacuum Low (>0.6 ksc abs)

 Bypass Downstream Temp very high (>380 degC)

Under these conditions


 Steam Press Controller Switches to Manual from

Auto
 spray water valve will close

 This protection will override the Fast opening

signal & open push button operation


HP BP Protection

HP Bypass Fast Opening Conditions


 Generator Circuit Breaker Opening & Boiler on & no
priority close
 Turbine Trip & Boiler on & no priority close
 Turbine Load Shedding Relay Operation
 HP BP Pressure Controller Deviation > 8 ksc
 Pressing the Fast Opening Button
HP BP Protection

BP Valve Auto Blocking Conditions


 Bypass valve priority close command

 BP position transmitter failed

 OSU-1 & 2 Oil Pressure <90 ksc

 Main steam Pressure transmitter failed


HP BP Interlocks

BPE Valve Conditions


 Steam Bypass Valves BP1 or BP2<2 % Auto Close

Command to ensure positive shut off


 Steam Bypass Valves BP1 or BP2<2 % Spray Water

Pressure Control Valve (BD Valve) close


 Steam Bypass Valves BP1 or BP2>2 % Spray Water

System (BPE1, BPE2, BD Valve) will switch over to


Auto
HP BP Interlocks
BPE Valve Auto Blocking Conditions
 Bypass Downstream Temp very high (>380 degC)

 BP auto command blocking

 BPE valve position transmitter failed

 BPE Temp transmitter deviation high


HP LP Bypass
LP BYPASS
 Lp bypass bypasses steam from IPT & LPT &
maintains flow through RH.
 To monitor RH pressure & to control it during
operation.
 The volume of steam not utilised by IPT & LPT during
startup & shut down should pass through to
condenser.
LP bypass

Provides effective control of steam pressure during


oStartup

oLow/part load operation

oLoad rejection
LP bypass
o LP steam-bypass system operates in parallel with the
turbine
Protects Condenser from excessive temperature and
pressure that could result from sudden injection of
superheated steam
LP bypass

Upon receiving load rejection signal from electrical


system:
 Turbine Speed Controller assumes control of the

TG set

 It initiates fast closure of HP & IP turbine control


valves through position controller

 Fast closure of turbine control valves cause an


immediate decrease in HP 1st. Stage pressure
LP bypass
 Pressure increases in main and reheat steam
systems
 These pressure changes are sensed by HP and LP
Bypass controllers
 Respective bypass valves are opened
 If LP steam- bypass system fails or the condenser
cannot accept LP bypass steam , Safety Valves open
and dump steam to atmosphere
Lp bypass protections

a) Condenser vacuum is low ( > 0.6 bar


absolute )
b) Spray water flow low
c) Temperature of condenser body is high (>
90° C )
LP bypass controller
o LPBP controller maintains pressure after reheater by controlling LP
bypass valves
o It acts on the coil of the LPBP E-H converter to position the control
valves.
o Two setpoints, fixed and variable are used in maximum selection
circuit
o Variable set point is derived from HP first stage pressure
o Water spray is in two stages depending on steam flow through
LPBP stations.
o LPBP valves cannot open until adequate spray water pressure and
required vacuum is there and condenser wall temp is not high.
o Valves can also be operated manually
LP BYPASS SETPOINTS
Bypass charging
 Boiler is lighted up with pressure around 5 ksc.
 MS, CRH, HRH turbine side drains are open.
 HP bypass warm up line valves and warm up line
drain valves are open.
 LP bypass line drains and warm up line valves are
open.
 Check LP bypass spray line main isolating valve is
open.
 Open boiler stop valve bypass valves.
Bypass charging
 Close MS and CRH line drains open to unit flash tank
after proper warming up.
 Now boiler stop valves can be opened.
 Put LP bypass interface ON and LP bypass on auto.
 Open BP-1 and BP-2 by 5% at drum pressure more
than 6 ksc.
 Build up steam parameters by adjustment of bypass
valve.
Thank You

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