Practical

Research 2
Jett Bernardo A. Cortez III
Subject Teacher
• Practical Research I introduced you to the two main
classifications of research methods: quantitative and
qualitative. You have learned that qualitative research is
more of describing a phenomenon in a narrative; hence, the
data collected can be in the form of words, images, or
transcripts taken from a small sample, not generalizable to
the population. Choosing a small sample size makes room for
in-depth data collection and interpretation. In this lesson, you
will learn about quantitative analysis, a more formal, objective,
and systematic approach to obtaining answers to a question
or problem of the study.
• Vital to the conduct of a quantitative research project
is a deep understanding of its characteristics. When
you know its strengths and different classifications,
you will be able to identify what kind of questions you
should ask and what approach is most suited to find
answers to these questions. The identification of its
weaknesses, on the other hand, aids in recognizing
the questions or topics that are inappropriate to this
course.
•While both methods utilize a specific
data gathering procedure, the
Qualitative Research is generally
concerned with understanding
phenomenon relating to or involving
quality or kind. Quantitative
Research, on the other hand, is
based on the measurement or
quantity.
• Quantitative research uses scientifically collected
and statistically analyzed data to investigate
observable phenomena. A phenomenon is any
existing or observable fact or situation that we want
to unearth further or understand. It is scientific for
the fact that it uses a scientific method in designing
and collecting numerical data. Once data is
collected, it will undergo statistical analysis like
Pearson’s r, t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
for analysis. Since data is analyzed statistically, it is
imperative that the data obtained must be numerical
and quantifiable, hence its name quantitative
research.
• Numerical data are generally easier to collect than
descriptions or phrases used in qualitative
research. Information like student’s grades in
different subjects, number of hours of
engagement in social media platforms of teens,
percentage of consumers who prefer the color
blue for soap packaging, and average of daily
Covid-19 patient recovery per region are just few
examples of research data expressed in numbers.
Some data, on the other hand, are not directly
countable and thus require conversion from non-
numerical information into numerical information.
• Several forms of rating scales are available,
e.g., the Likert scale that we can use to
quantify data. Usually, they come in a
selection of numbers with a corresponding
meaning for each choice, for example: 1=
tastes very good, 2 = satisfactory, or 3 =
undesirable. Numerical choices convert
texts into numbers so the researcher can
perform mathematical operations for faster,
more accurate, and more objective analysis.
• Characteristics of Quantitative Research

• Large Sample Size. To obtain more meaningful

statistical result, the data must come from a
large sample size.

• Objectivity. Data gathering and analysis of

results are done accurately, objectively, and are
unaffected by the researcher’s intuition and
personal guesses
Characteristics of Quantitative Research

• Concise Visual Presentation. Data is

numerical which makes presentation through
graphs, charts, and tables possible and with
better conveyance and interpretation.

• Faster Data Analysis. The use of a

statistical tools gives way for a less time-
consuming data analysis.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research

• Generalized Data. Data taken from a sample can be

applied to the population if sampling is done accordingly,
i.e., sufficient size and random samples were taken.

• Fast and Easy Data Collection. Depending on the type

of data needed, collection can be quick and easy.
Quantitative research uses standardized research
instruments that allow the researcher to collect data
from a large sample size efficiently. For instance, a
single survey form can be administered simultaneously
to collect various measurable characteristics like age,
gender, socio-economic status, etc.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research

• Reliable Data. Data is taken and analyzed

objectively from a sample as a representative
of the population, making it more credible and
reliable for policymaking and decision
making.

• High Replicability. The Quantitative method

can be repeated to verify findings enhancing
its validity, free from false or immature
conclusions
•Advantages of
Quantitative
Research
Advantages of Quantitative Research

1. Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to
predict outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable to the population.
4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and
effect
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical
software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
Advantages of Quantitative Research

1. Very objective
2. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to
predict outcomes.
3. Findings are generalizable to the population.
4. There is conclusive establishment of cause and effect
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
8. Validity and reliability can be established
•Disadvantages
of Quantitative
Research
Disadvantages of Quantitative Research

1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or

concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of human
experiences.
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical data
such as feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only from the given
responses.
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate
responses.
7. A large sample size makes data collection more costly
•Kinds of
Quantitative
Research
 • Descriptive design is used to describe
a particular phenomenon by observing it
as it occurs in nature. There is no
experimental manipulation, and the
researcher does not start with a
Kinds of hypothesis. The goal of descriptive
research is only to describe the person
Quantitative or object of the study. An example of
Research descriptive research design is “the
determination of the different kinds of
physical activities and how often high
school students do it during the
quarantine period.”
 • The correlational design identifies the
relationship between variables. Data is
Kinds of collected by observation since it does
not consider the cause and effect, for
Quantitative example, the relationship between the
Research amount of physical activity done and
student academic achievement.
 • Ex post facto design is used to
investigate a possible relationship
between previous events and present
conditions. The term “Ex post facto”
Kinds of which means after the fact, looks at the
possible causes of an already occurring
Quantitative phenomenon. Just like the first two,
Research there is no experimental manipulation in
this design. An example of this is “How
does the parent’s academic achievement
affect the children obesity?”
 • A quasi-experimental design is used to
establish the cause-and-effect relationship
of variables. Although it resembles the
experimental design, the quasi-
experimental has lesser validity due to the
absence of random selection and
Kinds of assignment of subjects. Here, the
Quantitative independent variable is identified but not
manipulated. The researcher does not
Research modify pre-existing groups of subjects. The
group exposed to treatment (experimental)
is compared to the group unexposed to
treatment (control): example, the effects of
unemployment on attitude towards following
safety protocol in ECQ declared areas.
 • Experimental design like quasi-
experimental is used to establish the cause-
and-effect relationship of two or more
Kinds of variables. This design provides a more
Quantitative conclusive result because it uses random
assignment of subjects and experimental
Research manipulations. For example, a comparison of
the effects of various blended learning to the
reading comprehension of elementary pupils.