PRE-TEST

Welcome to the World of

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

Prepared by: Jenny Rose Tayo

What is a
RESEARCH 2
LESSONS:
RESEARCH 2
LESSONS:

Introduction to Quantitative
Research
RESEARCH 2
LESSONS:

Quantitative Research Across

Fields
RESEARCH 2
LESSONS:

Variables in Quantitative
Research
LESSON 1: Introduction to Quantitative Research

üQuantitative Research
üCharacteristics of Quantitative
Research
üStrengths of Quantitative Research
üWeaknesses of Quantitative Research
üKinds of Quantitative Research
What is a
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?
Quantitative Research is based on the measurement or
quantity. Quantitative research uses scientifically collected and
statistically analyzed data to investigate observable phenomena.
A phenomenon is any existing or observable fact or situation
that we want to unearth further or understand. It is scientific for
the fact that it uses a scientific method in designing and
collecting numerical data.
What is a
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?
Numerical data are generally easier to collect than
descriptions or phrases used in qualitative research.
For instance, determining which brand of canned sardines is
the best choice for consumers in terms of taste cannot be
expressed in numbers unless we do a survey using a rating scale
What is a
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?
Several forms of rating scales are available, e.g., the Likert
scale that we can use to quantify data. Usually, they come in a
selection of numbers with a corresponding meaning for each
choice, for example: 1= tastes very good, 2 = satisfactory, or 3
= undesirable. Numerical choices convert texts into numbers so
the researcher can perform mathematical operations for faster,
more accurate, and more objective analysis.
Characteristics of
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
LARGE SAMPLE SIZE. To obtain more meaningful statistical
1 result, the data must come from a large sample size.
OBJECTIVE. Data gathering and analysis of results are done

2 accurately, objectively, and are unaffected by the researcher’s

intuition and personal guesses.
VISUAL RESULT PRESENTATION. Data is numerical, which
3 makes presentation through graphs, charts, and tables possible
and for better conveyance and interpretation.
Characteristics of
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
FASTER DATA ANALYSIS. The use of a statistical tools give way
4 for a less time consuming data analysis.
GENERALIZED DATA . Data taken from a sample can be
applied to the population if sampling is done accordingly, i.e.,
5 sufficient size and random samples were taken.
FAST DATA COLLECTION . Depending on the type of data

6 needed, collection can be quick and easy. Quantitative research

uses standardized research instruments that allow the
researcher to collect data from a large sample size efficiently.
Characteristics of
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
RELIABLE DATA. Data is taken and analyzed objectivelyfrom a

7 sample as a representative of the population, making it more

credible and reliable for policymaking
and decision making.

REPLICATION . The Quantitative method can be repeated to

8 verify findings enhancing its validity, free from false or
immature conclusions.
Strengths of
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
The following are the strengths of quantitative research.
1. Quantitative research can be replicated or repeated.
2. Findings are generalizable to the population.
3. Conclusive establishment of cause and effect
4. Numerical and quantifiable data can be used to
predict outcomes
Strenghts of
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
5. Fast and easy data analysis using statistical software.
6. Fast and easy data gathering
7. Very objective
8. Validity and reliability can be established
Weaknesses of
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
The following are the disadvantages of quantitative
research:
1. It lacks the necessary data to explore a problem or
concept in depth.
2. It does not provide comprehensive explanation of
human experiences.
Weaknesses of
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
3. Some information cannot be described by numerical
data such as feelings, and beliefs.
4. The research design is rigid and not very flexible.
5. The participants are limited to choose only from the
given responses.
Weaknesses of
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
6. The respondents may tend to provide inaccurate
responses.
7. A Large sample size makes data collection more
costly.
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 Descriptive Design

1
- is used to describe a particular

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phenomenon by observing it as it
occurs in nature.
- The goal of descriptive research is
only to describe the person or object of
Descriptive
the study.
Design
EXAMPLE: “The determination of
the different kinds of physical activities
and how often high school students do
it during the quarantine period.”
 Correlational Design

2
- identifies the relationship

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between variables.
- Data is collected by observation
since it does not consider the cause
and effect.
Correlational EXAMPLE: “The relationship
Design between the amount of physical
activity done and student academic
achievement.”
 Ex Post Facto Design

3
- is used to investigate a possible

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relationship between previous events
and present conditions.
- The term “Ex post facto”, means
after the fact, looks at the possible
Ex Post Facto
causes of an already occurring
Design
phenomenon.
EXAMPLE: “How does the
parent’s academic achievement affect
the children obesity?”
 Quasi-Experimental Design

4
- is used to establish the cause and

5321
effect relationship of variables.
Although it resembles the
experimental design, the quasi-
Quasi- experimental has lesser validity due to
Experimental the absence of random selection and
Design assignment of subjects.
EXAMPLE: “The effects of
unemployment on attitude towards
following safety protocol in ECQ
declared areas.”
 Experimental Design

5
- like quasi- experimental is used to

4321
establish the cause and effect
relationship of two or more variables.
- This design provides a more
Experimental conclusive result because it uses
Design random assignment of subjects and
experimental manipulations.
EXAMPLE: “ A comparison of the
effects of various blended learning to
the reading comprehension of
elementary pupils.”
THANK YOU!