EQUATION OF A

CIRLE
Preparesd by: Ms. Kristine Mariel V. Tamanio
 DEFINITION OF A CIRCLE
A circle is the set of all points that are the same distance, r, from a
fixed point.
General Formula: X 2 + Y 2=r2 where r is the radius

Unlike parabolas, circles ALWAYS have X 2 and Y 2 terms.

A circle is a locus of points. A circle is all of the points that are a

fixed distance, known as the radius, from a given point, known as the
center of the circle.
WHAT IS THE STANDARD
EQUATION OF A CIRCLE?

This is the general standard equation for the

circle centered at (h,k), with radius r.
 Circles can also be given in expanded form, which is simply
the result of expanding the binomial squares in the standard form and
combining like terms.
PRACTICE SET 1: USING THE STANDARD
EQUATION OF CIRCLES

Given the equation

1. What is the center of the circle?
2. What is its radius?

Answer: center= (-4, 6)

r=6.93
Answer:
PRACTICE SET 2: WRITING
CIRCLE EQUATIONS
A circle has a radius of √13 units and its center
is at (-9.3,4.1). Write the equation of the circle.

Answer:
Answer:
PRACTICE SET 3: USING THE EXPANDED
EQUATION OF CIRCLES

To interpret the expanded

equation of a circle, we should
rewrite it in standard form using the
method of "completing the square."
 What is the center and radius and center of the
circle with the given equation

Answer:
center= (5,8)
Radius= 6 units
Answer:
 GENERAL ANGLES
From geometry, you know that an angle is formed by two rays.
The rays meet at a point called a vertex.
 In trigonometry, angles are placed on coordinate axes.
The vertex is always placed at the origin and one ray is
always placed on the positive x-axis. This ray is called the
initial side of the angle. The other ray is called the terminal
side of the angle. This positioning of an angle is called
standard position. The Greek letter theta () is often used to
represent an angle measure. Two angles in standard position
are shown below.
 When an angle is drawn in standard position, it has a direction.
Notice that there are little curved arrows in the above drawing. The
one on the left goes counterclockwise and is defined to be a positive
angle. The one on the right goes clockwise and is defined to be a
negative angle.
Analyze the given illustration.

Notice that the terminal sides in the two examples above are the same, but
they represent different angles. Such pairs of angles are said to be coterminal
angles.
 For each angle drawn in standard position, there is a related angle
known as a reference angle. This is the angle formed by the terminal side and
the x-axis. The reference angle is always considered to be positive, and has a
value anywhere from 0° to 90°.
UNIT CIRCLE
A unit circle is a circle that is centered at the origin and has
radius 1, as shown below.

“If are the coordinates of a point on the circle,

then you can see from the right triangle in the drawing
and the Pythagorean Theorem that . This is the equation
of the unit circle.”
UNIT CIRCLE
A unit circle is a circle of unit radius.
 THE GENERAL DEFINITION
OF THE TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
The 30° - 60° - 90° triangle is seen below on the left. Next to that is a
30° angle drawn in standard position together with a unit circle.

The two triangles have the same angles, so they are similar.
Therefore, corresponding sides are proportional. The
hypotenuse on the right has length 1 (because it is a radius).
 The terminal side of the angle
intersects the unit circle at the point . Let’s
write the definitions of the six
trigonometric functions and then rewrite
them by referring to the triangle above and
using the variables x and y.
 ANGLE MEASUREMENTS
We define an angle as the union of two non-collinear rays that have a
common starting point. The two rays are referred to as the arms of the angle
and the common starting point is called its vertex.
We can interpret an angle by rotating a ray from one position to
another. When we use this interpretation of an angle, the ray to begin with is
called the initial side, and the final position of ray is called the terminal side.
If we rotate the ray in anti-clockwise direction, the angle formed in
this way is termed as positive angle. The angle formed by clockwise rotation
of ray is termed as negative angle.
 Angles are commonly measured in two methods: Degrees &
Radians.
MEASURE AN ANGLE IN SEXAGECIMAL
SYSTEM (DEGREE, MINUTE, SECOND)

In this method, we measure an angle

in terms of degrees, minutes and seconds.
We divide the circumference of a circle
into 360 equal arcs. The angle subtended at
the centre of the circle by one arc is called
one degree and is denoted be 1∘(The small
circle is a symbol for degree). Similarly 1'
denotes a minute and 1'' denotes a second
in sexagecimal system of angle
measurement.
 The following equations show the relationships of degree, minute and second with each
other.

1 minute = 60 seconds (60'')

1 degree = 60 minutes (60')

One complete revolution = 360

Example 1:
Convert 45∘30' into decimal degrees.

Solution: 45∘30' = 45∘+(30/60)=45∘+0.5∘=45.5∘

Since, (160 degree = 1 minute)

Example 2:
Convert 18.50∘ to Sexagecimal form.

Solution: 18.50∘=18∘+0.50∘
=18∘ + (0.50 x 60)'
= 18∘30'

Since, ( 1 degree = 60 minutes )

Example 3:
Convert 55.36∘ to Sexagecimal form.

Solution: 55.36∘ =55∘+(0.36)∘

= 55∘+
(0.36 x 60)‘
=55∘+ 21.6'
=
55∘+21' + (0.6 x 60)''
= 55∘+
MEASURE AN ANGLE IN CIRCULAR
SYSTEM (RADIANS)

''A radian is the measure of an angle subtended at the centre of a

circle by an arc whose length is equal to the radius of that
circle.''
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RADIANS AND
DEGREES Example 4:
Convert 30∘ into radian measure of angles.

Solution:
For a complete revolution, the angle measure in
We know that 1∘= π/180 radians
degrees is 360∘ 30∘=30 x π/180
 2πradians = 360∘
radians `
 πradians = 180∘ 30∘= π/6radians
 1 radian = 180∘/ π = 57.296∘

1 radian =57.296∘ Example 6:

Express 2 radians into degree measure of
Also 1∘ = π / 180 radians = 0.0175 radians angle.
1 degree =0.0175 rad
Solution:
We know that 1 radian = 180∘/ π
2 radian =
2π3x180∘π
2 radian =
120∘
Example 7:
Express 4.7 radians into degree measure of angle.

Solution: We know that 1 radian = 57.296∘

4.7 radians = (4.7)(57.296∘)
4.7 radians = 269.2912∘

Example 8:
Locate the following angles on a coordinate system:

1. −135∘
2. 45∘
3. π radians
4. π/6 radians
SECTORS, AREAS, AND ARCS
If we start with a circle with a
marked radius line, and turn the
circle a bit, the area marked off
looks something like a wedge of pie
or a slice of pizza; this is called a
"sector" of the circle, and the sector
looks like the green portion of this
picture.
 The angle marked off by the original
and final locations of the radius line (that is,
the angle at the center of the pie / pizza) is the
"subtended" angle of the sector. This angle can
also be referred to as the "central" angle of the
sector.
AREA AND ARC LENGTH OF
THE CIRCLES SECTOR
EXERCISE 1: EXERCISE 2:
Given a circle with radius r = 8 Given a sector with radius r = 3 cm and a
units and a sector with subtended angle corresponding arc length of 5π radians, find the area
measuring 45°, find the area of the sector of the sector.
and the length of the arc.
EXERCISE 3: EXERCISE 4:
A circle's sector has an area of 108 An adjustable-angle pop-up lawn
cm2, and the sector intercepts an arc with sprinkler has been installed in an awkward
length 12 cm. Find the diameter of the corner of the neighbor's yard. This
circle. sprinkler, assuming full water pressure, can
spray everything within four meters. Given
that the angle has been set to 70°, how
much lawn will this sprinkler head water?
(Round to two decimal places.)