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VSEPR and Shapes

Here are the answers to the exam-style questions in green pen: 1. Trigonal planar (1), Bond angles 120° (1) 2. (a) Linear - BeH2, 1800 Trigonal planar - BF3, 1200 Tetrahedral - CH4, 109.5° Octahedral - SF6, 900 (4) (b) NF3 has four electron pairs (1) including one lone pair (1). BF3 has only bond pairs (1). (c) Tetrahedral (1). Equal repulsion (1) between four bonding pairs with no lone pairs (1).

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AS & A - Level Chemistry
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213 views22 pages

VSEPR and Shapes

Here are the answers to the exam-style questions in green pen: 1. Trigonal planar (1), Bond angles 120° (1) 2. (a) Linear - BeH2, 1800 Trigonal planar - BF3, 1200 Tetrahedral - CH4, 109.5° Octahedral - SF6, 900 (4) (b) NF3 has four electron pairs (1) including one lone pair (1). BF3 has only bond pairs (1). (c) Tetrahedral (1). Equal repulsion (1) between four bonding pairs with no lone pairs (1).

Uploaded by

AS & A - Level Chemistry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SHAPES OF MOLECULES

Leaning outcomes
You should be able to:
be able to use valence shell electron pair
repulsion theory (VSEPR) to predict the
shapes of molecules;

 be able to draw representations of


molecular shapes.
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory
VSEPR Theory predicts the shapes of molecules.
The shape and bond angles of a covalently bonded
molecule depend on:
 The number of lone pairs or bonding pairs of electrons

Remember:
 lone pairs repel more than bond pairs
 Double or triple bonds count as "one pair" of electrons
 Drawing 3D shapes
normal bond bond in plane
dashed bond bond of plane
wedged bond bond out of plane
BASIC MOLECULAR SHAPES
Name of # of bond # of lone Bond angles / 3D Example
shape pairs pairs diagram molecule

Linear 2 - BeCl2

Trigonal 3 - BF3
planar
Tetrahedral 4 - CH4

Trigonal 5 - PCl5
bipyramidal

Octahedral 6 - SF6
Effect the lone pair electrons on the molecular
shape and bond angle
3 electron pairs
Formula # of bond # of lone Shape /bond angle
pairs pairs
BF3 3 - Trigonal planar/1200

SO2 2 1 V –shape / 1180


Effect the lone pair electrons on the molecular
shape and bond angle
4 electron pairs
Formula # of bond # of lone Shape /bond angle
pairs pairs
CH4 4 - Tetrahedral /109.50
NH3 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal/1070
H2O 2 2 Bent / 104.50

Hint
Each lone pair
reduces the bond
angle by
approximately
2.5 degrees
Effect the lone pair electrons on the molecular
shape and bond angle
5 electron pairs
Formula # of bond # of lone Shape /bond angle
pairs pairs
PCl5 5 - Trigonal bipyramidal/900and 1200
SF4 4 1 Seesaw / less than <900
ClF3 3 2 T-shaped / less than <900
Effect the lone pair electrons on the molecular
shape and bond angle
6 electron pairs
Formula # of bond # of lone Shape /bond angle
pairs pairs
SF6 6 - Octahedral / 900
BrF5 5 1 Square pyramidal/ 900 and 1800
XeF4 4 2 Square planar /900
Pair work
Use the VSEPR theory to predict the shape of molecule
Formula # of bond # of lone Shape Bond angle
pairs pairs

BF3
NH3
H2 O
NH4+
SF6
SiH4
H3O+
CO32-
SO32-
CHECKLIST

Formula # of bond # of lone Shape Bond


pairs pairs angle

BF3 3 - Trigonal planar 1200

NH3 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 1070

H2 O 2 2 Bent /V -shaped 104.50

NH4+ 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.50

SF6 6 0 Octahedral 900

SiH4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.50

H3O+ 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 1070

CO32- 3 0 Trigonal planar 1200

SO32- 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 1070


SHAPES OF MOLECULES
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Mini WHITE BOARD


1. Which one of the following is a linear
molecule?

A.BeCl2
B. BF3
C. CH4
D.CCl4
2. Which of the following is the correct order for the electron pair repulsions?

A. lone pair-lone pair < bond pair-bond pair <


bond pair-lone pair
B. lone pair-lone pair < bond pair-lone pair <
bond pair-bond pair
C. bond pair-bond pair < bond pair-lone pair <
lone pair-lone pair
D. bond pair-bond pair < lone pair-lone pair <
bond pair-lone pair
3. Which of the following is not a trigonal planar molecule?

A. AlCl3
B.AlH3
C. BF3
D. NH3
4. Which of the following is tetrahedral?

A. BF3
B. CH4
C. NH3
D. SF6
5. The bond angles in a molecule of boron trifluoride are...

A. 90°
B. 107°
C. 109.5°
D. 120°
6. Which of the following species has a shape based on two lone pairs and two bond
pairs?

A. NH3
B. NH2 -

C.NH4 +

D. PH3
7.Which of following best describes the shape of SO3 molecules?

A. linear
B. square planar
C. tetrahedral
D.trigonal planar
8. Which one of the following molecules/ions is square planar?

A. CH4
B.NH4 +

C. PCl4 +

D. XeF4
Exam-style questions
GREEN PEN
1.

(1) (1)

Bond Angle(s) 90° and 120° (1) 109.5° (1)

2. (a) Linear ,1800 / trigonal planar,1200 / tetrahedral, 109,50 / octahedral 900 (4)

(b) NF3has four electron pairs (1) including one lone pair (1)
BF3 has only bond pairs (1)

(c) Tetrahedral (1)


(Equal) repulsion (1) between four bonding pairs /no lone pair (1)

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