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Unit 2

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22 views19 pages

Unit 2

Uploaded by

Padmanand Bhupathi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT-I

Introduction to Electrical Drives


• Systems employed for motion are called
Drives
Eg: Diesel/Petrol Engines, Gas/Steam
Turbines, Hydraulic Motors, Electric
Motors
• Drives employing electric motors are known
as Electrical Drives
• An Electric Drive is defined as an
electromechanical device for converting
electrical energy to mechanical energy.

• It is used to impart motion to different


machines & mechanisms for various types of
process control.
Block Diagram of Electric Drives
Parts of Electric Drives :

1. Source
2. Load
3. Motor
4. Power Modulator
5. Control Unit
6. Sensing Unit
1. Source
Low and Medium Drive applications:
• May be of 1 phase (230V)and 3 phase (415V),
50 Hz AC supply is the most common type of
electricity supplied in India, both for domestic
and commercial purpose.
• High Drive applications: 1.1kv, 6.6kv and
11kv
• Electric traction applications: 25kv
• Space and aircraft applications: 400Hz
2. Load
• It is usually a machinery designed to
accomplish a given task.

Eg: Fans, Pumps, Washing machine, Machine


Tools, Trains etc..,
3.Motor

 Motor having speed-Torque characteristics &


capabilities compatible to the load
requirements are chosen.

 It is of 5 types.
Those are as follows:
I. DC Motor:
II. Induction Motor :
III. Synchronous Motor :
Permanent Magnet Type

Wound Field Type

Salient Pole Non-Salient Pole


IV. Brushless DC Motor (BLDC): No brushes
and commutators used in electric vehicles

V. Stepper Motor: For controlling used in


robotics

VI. Switch Reluctance Motor: Less rotor


weight used in space applications
4. Power Modulator
• Functions of this modulator are as follows:
i. Modulates flow of power from the source to motor in such a
manner that motor is imparted speed-torque characteristics.

ii. It acts as a rectifier or inverter based on the type of supply


and type of motor.

iii. During stating, braking, and speed reversal operation of the


motor, it restricts source & motor currents within
permissible values.

iv. Selects the modes of operation of Motor i.e.., Motoring


& Breaking
Different types of Power Converters
• Diode rectifiers (uncontrolled rectifiers).
• Line commutated converters or AC to DC
converters (controlled rectifiers).
• AC voltage controllers (AC to AC converters)
• Cyclo converters (AC to AC converters with
variable frequency).
• DC choppers (DC to DC converters).
• Inverters (DC to AC converters).

power electronics 15
Power Electronics 15
5. Control Unit

• Choice of control unit depends upon the type


of power modulator that is used. For
semiconductor converters, the control unit
consists of firing circuits, which employ linear
devices and microprocessors.
Advantages
 Reliability
 Speed control over a wide range
 Smooth speed control
 Flexible control characteristics and accurate operation
because of using thyristors, IGBTs, and GTO’s
 High efficiency due to low losses in the thyristors.
 Long life and reduced/minimal maintenance due to
the absence of mechanical wear.
 Control equipment using thyristors is compact in size

power electronics 17
Power Electronics 17
Disadvantages

• Harmonics are injected into power supply lines


affecting the performance of equipment.
• Special protection circuits must be used to
protect the thyristor devices.
• Thyristors must be rated for maximum loading
conditions.

power electronics 18
Power Electronics 18
Applications
• Important points to be noted regarding Electric
Drives are:
• Have flexible control characteristics
• Range of power, speed, torque control -very wide
• Can be started, stopped frequently
• Wide variety of ratings
• This supports wide range of applications such as:
 Rolling mills, Textile mills, Paper mills
 Cranes
 Air-conditioning, Refrigeration

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