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Physical Science Week 1

1) The document discusses stellar formation and evolution, and how heavier elements are formed through nuclear fusion inside stars. It describes how hydrogen fuses to form helium in main sequence stars, and how heavier elements like carbon, oxygen, neon, magnesium and silicon are formed as stars evolve into red giants and undergo fusion in their cores and shells. 2) When low mass stars exhaust their nuclear fuel, they collapse into white dwarfs. High mass stars ending in supernovae explosively fuse nuclei into heavier elements like iron. 3) Stellar nucleosynthesis is the process that creates these heavier elements by fusing protons and neutrons within stars. Evidence that supports this includes discovering interstellar dust and gases that show

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Iren Castor Mabutin
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65 views41 pages

Physical Science Week 1

1) The document discusses stellar formation and evolution, and how heavier elements are formed through nuclear fusion inside stars. It describes how hydrogen fuses to form helium in main sequence stars, and how heavier elements like carbon, oxygen, neon, magnesium and silicon are formed as stars evolve into red giants and undergo fusion in their cores and shells. 2) When low mass stars exhaust their nuclear fuel, they collapse into white dwarfs. High mass stars ending in supernovae explosively fuse nuclei into heavier elements like iron. 3) Stellar nucleosynthesis is the process that creates these heavier elements by fusing protons and neutrons within stars. Evidence that supports this includes discovering interstellar dust and gases that show

Uploaded by

Iren Castor Mabutin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 41

MS. JULIET B.

BERDERA

Subject: PHYSICAL SCIENCE


CLASSROOM RULES
1 Be on time 4 Raise your hands
to talk
2 Listen to class 5 Participate in all
discussion /SU activities
3 Talk to you teacher if 6 Got a lowest score
you have any problem in quizzes will
perform a talent
4 PICS 2
WORDS
STELLAR
FORMATION
RED GIANT
WHITE
DWARF
GAMMA
RAY
PHYSICAL
SCIENCE
LESSON 1: EXPLORING THE
FORMATION OF ELEMENTS
DURING STELLAR
FORMATION AND
EVOLUTION
OBJECTIVES:
• After going through this module, you are
expected to:
1. Describe the formation of heavier elements
during the formation and evolution of stars
2. Cite astronomical evidence which justifies the
formation of elements during stellar formation
and evolution
Star formation theory states that stars are formed when
a dense region of molecular cloud collapses.
• During this process, fragments of clouds contract
and form a stellar core known as protostar.
• The contraction and gravitational force of the
protostar result in an increase in temperature reaching
10 million Kelvin.
• Once the contraction stops and the
protostar attains its gravitational
equilibrium, a main sequence star will be
formed.

• The core of a main sequence star, hydrogen


fuses with helium through proton-proton
chain.
• Helium is converted to carbon at the
core.
• Hydrogen is converted into helium
surrounding the core which denotes the
formation of red giant.
• The star will undergo a series of stages
where heavier elements are fused
around the shell of the core.
• Carbon will be formed through helium
fusion.
• Neon will be formed through oxygen
fusion.
Magnesium from Neon fusion.

Silicon from Magnesium


fusion.

Iron from Silicon fusion


which denotes the formation of
red giant.
• With low mass stars, considering that the
amount of energy is not enough to sustain the
reaction, and that the star’s fuel has been
exhausted, the outer material covering the
star will eventually be blown-off leaving an
inert carbon core resulting to
the formation of white dwarf.
STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

• A process in which heavier elements such as


Beryllium (4Be) and Iron (26Fe) were formed
by combining protons and neutrons from the
nuclei of a lighter elements.
• Stable Helium reacts with Carbon to produce oxygen
and gamma rays under extreme gravitational force and
temperature.
Oxygen as the product of the initial reaction then
reacts with Helium to form Neon and gamma rays.
•
• The third reaction involves carbon reacting with
another Carbon forming Magnesium and gamma
ray

• On the other hand, Oxygen to Oxygen fusion will


create Silicon, alpha particle (Helium) and gamma
rays as product.
• Supernova happens when the core can no
longer produce the needed energy to resist
gravitational force, leading to its explosion and
release of large amounts of energy.
PIECES OF EVIDENCE

One remarkable evidence to support stellar


nucleosynthesis and star formation theory is the discovery
of interstellar dusts and gasses which justifies the stages
of stellar formation which are happening across the
universe.
NUCLEAR REACTION
WRITE THE CORRECT ANSWER OF THE GIVEN QUESTION

1. electromagnetic radiation with a


relatively short wavelength emitted during
gamma decay and other reactions.
2. A star that blows apart and releases a
large amount of energy.
3. Fragments of clouds contract and form a
stellar core known as?
WRITE THE CORRECT ANSWER OF THE GIVEN QUESTION

1. electromagnetic radiation with a


relatively short wavelength emitted during
gamma decay and other reactions.

Gamma ray/s
2. A star that blows apart and releases a
large amount of energy.

Supernova
3. Fragments of clouds contract and form a
stellar core known as?

Protostar
THANK YOU 

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