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CHAPTER 5 How Society Is Organized 2

The document discusses how society is organized through various social groups. It describes primary and secondary groups, with primary groups being small, intimate, and long-lasting, and secondary groups being large, short-term, and formed to fulfill a specific function. Reference groups strongly influence a person's values and beliefs. Formal organizations are large, deliberately created secondary groups with bureaucratic structures, including clear divisions of labor, formal record keeping, hierarchies, standardized rules and procedures, impartiality, and assignment of roles based on qualifications.

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Anne Carmel Pino
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43 views26 pages

CHAPTER 5 How Society Is Organized 2

The document discusses how society is organized through various social groups. It describes primary and secondary groups, with primary groups being small, intimate, and long-lasting, and secondary groups being large, short-term, and formed to fulfill a specific function. Reference groups strongly influence a person's values and beliefs. Formal organizations are large, deliberately created secondary groups with bureaucratic structures, including clear divisions of labor, formal record keeping, hierarchies, standardized rules and procedures, impartiality, and assignment of roles based on qualifications.

Uploaded by

Anne Carmel Pino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HOW SOCIETY IS ORGANIZED

SOCIAL GROUPS
IS A NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO INTERACT ON A
REGULAR BASIS, ARE BOUND TOGETHER BY
ROLES AND STATUSES AND A DISTINCTIVE SET
OF RELATIONSHIPS, AND WHO FEEL A SENSE OF
UNITY AND COMMON IDENTITY.
SOCIAL GROUPS
IS A NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO INTERACT ON A
REGULAR BASIS, ARE BOUND TOGETHER BY
ROLES AND STATUSES AND A DISTINCTIVE SET
OF RELATIONSHIPS, AND WHO FEEL A SENSE OF
UNITY AND COMMON IDENTITY.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
GROUPS
PRIMARY GROUPS
ARE THOSE WHICH ARE CLOSE-KNIT, TYPICALLY
SMALL IN SIZE, AND ARE USUALLY LONG
LASTING BECAUSE OF INTIMATE FACE-TO-FACE
PRIMARY RELATIONSHIPS.
SECONDARY GROUPS
HAVE THE OPPOSITE CHARACTERISTICS OF
PRIMARY GROUPS. THEY ARE USUALLY LARGE,
SHORT TERM, FORMAL AND SPECIALIZED, AND
ARE CREATED TO MEET A SPECIFIC NEED,
FULFILL A PARTICULAR FUNCTION, OR ACHIEVE
A GOAL.
REFERENCE GROUPS
BOTH IN-GROUPS AND PRIMARY GROUPS, ARE
PEOPLE WHO ARE ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO
YOU IN SHAPING YOUR VALUES, ATTITUDES,
AND BELIEFS.
IN-GROUPS AND OUT-GROUPS
IN-GROUPS
IS ANY GROUP TO WHICH A PERSON FEELS HE
OR SHE BELONGS OR IDENTIFIES WITH.
OUT-GROUPS
IS ANY GROUP OR COLLECTION OF PEOPLE TO
WHICH A PERSON FEELS HE OR SHE DOES NOT
BELONG OR IDENTIFIES WITH.
FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS
AND BUREAUCRACY
FORMAL ORGANIZATION
IS DEFINED AS A LARGE AND COMPLEX
SECONDARY GROUP THAT IS DELIBERATELY
CREATED AND ORGANIZED TO ACHIEVE
SPECIFIC GOALS.
BUREAUCRACY
MAX WEBER, A SOCIOLOGIST, DEVELOPED A
FORMALIZED STRUCTURE CALLED
BUREAUCRACY.
BUREAUCRACY
FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE BUREAUCRATIC
IN NATURE.
A CORPORATION, BUSINESS ENTERPRISE,
SCHOOL, AND GOVERNMENT AGENCY ARE
EXAMPLES OF FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS.
WEBER DEFINED BUREAUCRACY
INTO SIX TERMS
CLEAR-CUT DIVISION OF LABOR
WITH THE DIVISION OF LABOR AND WORK
SPECIALIZATION, ONE IS REQUIRED TO FOCUS
AND WORK ON TASKS WHICH HE OR SHE IS
ALIGNED BECAUSE OF EXPERIENCE OR
EXPERTISE.
FORMAL WRITTEN RECORDS
THESE ARE USED TO DOCUMENT ALL RULES,
REGULATIONS, PROCEDURES, DECISIONS,
AND ACTIONS TAKEN BY THE ORGANIZATION
AND ITS MEMBERS TO PRESERVE
CONSISTENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY.
EX. OF FORMAL RECORDS
A SCHOOL MANUAL
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE
HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY AND CHAIN OF COMMAND

A WELL-DEFINED FORMAL HEIRARCHY AND


CHAIN OF COMMAND DISTINGUISHES THE
LEVEL OF AUTHORITY WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION.

INDIVIDUALS WHO HOLD HIGHER POSITIONS WILL


SUPERVISE AND DIRECT LOWER POSITIONS WITHIN
THE HEIRARCHY.
WELL-STATED RULES AND REGULATIONS

A SET OF STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES


THAT FACILITATE CONSISTENCY IN BOTH
ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES.
IMPARTIALITY

MANAGERS SHOULD MAINTAIN AN IMPERSONAL


RELATIONSHIP WITH EMPLOYEES TO PROMOTE
FAIR AND EQUAL TREATMENT AND TO AVOID
UNBIASED DECISIONS.
ASSIGNMENT OF ROLES AND STATUSES BASED
ON TECHNICAL QUALIFICATIONS
THESE ARE THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS THAT MUST
BE PRESENT FOR A GROUP TO BE CONSIDERED A
FORMAL ORGANIZATION.

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