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Relations and Functions Class 12

This document discusses types of relations including reflexive, symmetric, and transitive relations. It provides examples and definitions of each type of relation. Reflexive relations contain elements related to themselves. Symmetric relations mean if a is related to b, then b is related to a. Transitive relations require that if a is related to b and b is related to c, then a is related to c. The document tests for these properties in example relations and assignments ask the reader to identify these properties in other relations.

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117 views18 pages

Relations and Functions Class 12

This document discusses types of relations including reflexive, symmetric, and transitive relations. It provides examples and definitions of each type of relation. Reflexive relations contain elements related to themselves. Symmetric relations mean if a is related to b, then b is related to a. Transitive relations require that if a is related to b and b is related to c, then a is related to c. The document tests for these properties in example relations and assignments ask the reader to identify these properties in other relations.

Uploaded by

bandanasabar2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics –Class XII

Unit-I:Relations and functions

Chapter-1: Relations and functions

Sub Topic: Type of Relation


Outline
•Reflexive Relation
•Symmetric Relation
•Transitive Relation
•Examples
•Assignment
Reflexive Relation
Let A be a non empty set then, a
relation R on A is said to be
Reflexive if
for all , i.e., for all
EXAMPLES:
1. Relation of parallelism of lines, on the set of
all the straight lines in a 2-DIM plane .
2. Relation of congruency of triangles on the
set of triangles.
3. Relation of “ ≥ ” on the set of natural
numbers.
4. Relation of “≤” on the set of natural
numbers
Ex. Let A={1,2,3} be a set and Relation
R is defined on A as
R={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,3),(2,1)}
Sol :-n

Since and
Hence R is Reflexive.
But if a Relation S defined on A as

Since here,
and

But ,
Hence is not Reflexive.
Relation R on A is said to be
non-reflexive if there exists an
element a  A such that
Symmetric Relation
Let A be a non empty set then, a relation
R on A is said to be Symmetric if

Where
i.e., a R b
Where
EXAMPLES:-
1. Relation of perpendicularity of lines, on the
set of all the straight lines in a two
dimensional plane .

2. Relation of congruency of triangles, on the


set of triangles.
Example- Let be a set and Relation R is
defined on A as

Solution-
Since and
and
and
and
Hence R is Symmetric.
But the Relation defined on as

is not SYMMETRIC.
As but

Note- A relation R on A is said to be non-


Symmetric if there exists
but
Transitive Relation
Let A be a non empty set then, a relation R
on A is said to be transitive if
&
where
i.e. ,
where
EXAMPLES:
1. Relation of divisibility on the set of natural
numbers.
2. Relation of congruency of triangles on the
set of triangles.
3. Relation of “ ≥ ” on the set of natural
numbers.
4. Relation of “≤” on the set of natural
numbers
Ex. Let be a set and Relation R is defined on A as

Sol:- Since

and vice-versa.
Hence R is Transitive
But the Relation R1 defined on A as

Here, ,

But

Hence R1 is not Transitive


Assignment
Q-1. Let be a set and Relation is defined on as

Is reflexive ? symmetric? transitive?

Q-2. Let be a set and Relation is defined on as

Is reflexive ? symmetric? transitive?


Q 3. Let R be a Relation defined on set of natural
numbers as

Verify whether R is reflexive ,symmetric or


Transitive?

Q 4.Give an example of a relation which is

a) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric


b) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
c) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
Thank you

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