Sigaw sa Balintawak at

Primaryang Batis nina: Pio

Valenzuela, Gregoria de Jesus
at Santiago Alvarez, at “The
Guardia Civil’s Report”
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT SIGAW SA
BALINTAWAK?
DO YOU KNOW THESE PEOPLE?
The term "Cry" is derived from the
Spanish el grito de rebelion (cry of
rebellion) or el grito for short. Thus
the Grito de Balintawak is comparable to
Mexico's Grito de Dolores (1810).
However, el grito de rebelion strictly
refers to a decision or call to revolt.
It does not necessarily connote shouting,
unlike the Filipino Sigaw or Sigao.

DEFINITION
The Cry of Pugad Lawin (Filipino language: Sigaw
ng Pugad Lawin), alternately and originally
referred to as the Cry of Balintawak (Filipino
language: Sigaw ng Balintawak, Spanish: Grito de
Balintawak ) was the beginning of the Philippine
Revolution against Spanish rule. At the close of
August 1896, members of the Katipunan secret
society (Katipuneros) led by Andres Bonifacio
rose up in revolt somewhere in an area referred
to as Kalookan, wider than the jurisdiction of
present-day Caloocan City and overlapping into
present-day Quezon City.

DEFINITION
Originally the term "Cry" referred to the first
skirmish between the Katipuneros and the Civil Guards
(Guardia Civil). Other definitions of the term have
been made over the years, but today it is popularly
understood to refer to the tearing of community tax
certificates (cédulas personales) by the rebels to mark
their separation from Spain. This was literally
accompanied by patriotic shouts.

Because of differing accounts and the ambiguity of

place names in these accounts, the exact date and place
of the Cry is disputed. From 1908 until 1963, the
official stance was that the Cry occurred on August 26
in Balintawak. In 1963 the Philippine government
declared a shift to August 23 in Pugad Lawin, Quezon
City.

DEFINITION
 In the midst of this dramatic scene, some
Katipuneros who had just arrived from Manila and
Kalookan shouted "Dong Andres! The civil guards are
almost behind us, and will reconnoiter the
mountains." Bonifacio at once ordered his men to get
ready for the expected attack of the Spaniards.
Since they had inferior arms the rebels decided,
instead, to retreat. Under cover of darkness, the
rebels marched towards Pasong Tamo, and the next
day, August 24, they arrived at the yard of Melchora
Aquino, known as Tandang Sora. It was decided that
all the rebels in the surrounding towns be notified
of the general attack on Manila on the night of
August 29, 1896.

The Cry of Balintawak First Skirmishes

 At ten in the morning of August 25, some women
came rushing in and notified Bonifacio that the
civil guards and some infantrymen were coming. Soon
after, a burst of fire came from the approaching
Spaniards. The rebels deployed and prepared for the
enemy. In the skirmish that followed, the rebels
lost two men and the enemy one. Because of their
inferior weapons, which consisted mostly of bolos
and a few guns, the rebels decided to retreat. On
the other hand, the Spaniards, finding themselves
greatly outnumbered, also decided to retreat. So
both camps retreated and thus prevented a bloody
encounter. This was the first skirmish fought in the
struggle for national emancipation.

The Cry of Balintawak First Skirmishes

 On August 26, Spanish reinforcements were dispatched to Pasong
Tamo to drive away the rebels. But the latter, who were going to or were already
in Balara, could not be found. The Spaniards, frustrated in their attempt to contact
the Filipino contingent, shot, instead, two innocent farmers who were leisurely
going on their way home. Returning to Manila, the Spanish soldiers boasted that a
great fight has taken place at Pasong Tamo, and that they had driven the rebels to
the interior. This was the origin of the so-called "Cry of Balintawak", which neither
happened on August 26 nor in Balintawak.

Meanwhile, the rebels, skirting the mountain trails day and night, finally
arrived in Mariquina. Later in the day, however, they abandoned it and proceeded
to Hagdang Bato on August 27. The following day, Bonifacio issued a manifesto
inciting the people to take up the Filipino cause and to get set for a concerted
attack on the Spaniards on August 29.

The Cry of Balintawak First Skirmishes

• The Cry of the Rebellion in Pugad Lawin marked the beginning of the Philippine
Revolution in 1896 which ultimately led to Philippine Independence in 1898.

• After Bonifacio’s death on May 10, 1897, in Maragondon, Cavite, General Emilio
Aguinaldo continued the revolution

• He declared the independence of the country from Spain on June 12, 1898, at Kawit,
Cavite.

• This controversial version of the “Cry of the Pugad Lawin” has been authorized by
no other than Dr. Pio Valenzuela, who happened to be the eyewitness himself of the
event. In his first version, he told that the prime staging point of the Cry was in
Balintawak on Wednesday of August 26, 1896. He held this account when the
happenings or events are still vivid in his memory. On the other hand, later in his
life and with a fading memory, he wrote his Memoirs of the Revolution without
consulting the written documents of the Philippine revolution and claimed that the
“Cry” took place at Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.

HISTORY OF CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN BY PIO VALENZUELA (August 23, 1896)

“The first place of refuge of Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Procopio Bonifacio,
Teodoro Plata, Aguedo del Rosario, and myself was Balintawak, the first five arriving there
on August 19 and I, on August 20, 1896. The first place where some 500 members of the
Katipunan met on August 22, 1896, was the house and yard of Apolonio Samson at
Kangkong. Aside from the persons mentioned above, among those who were there
were Briccio Pantas, Alejandro Santiago, Ramon Bernardo, Apolonio Samson, and
others. Here, views were only exchanged, and no resolution was debated or adopted. It
was at Pugad Lawin, in the house, store-house, and yard of Juan Ramos, son of Melchora
Aquino, where over 1,000 members of the Katipunan met and carried out considerable
debate and discussion on August 23, 1986. The discussion was on whether or not the
revolution against the Spanish government should be started on August 29, 1986. Only
one man protested and fought against a war, and that was Teodora Plata
[Bonifacio’s brother-in-law-Z]. Besides the persons named above, among those present at
this meeting were Enrique Cipriano, Alfonso Pacheco, Tomas Remigio, Sinforoso San
Pedro, and others. After the tumultuous meeting, many of those present tore their
cedula certificates and shouted “Long live the Philippines! Long live the Philippines!”

HISTORY OF CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN BY PIO VALENZUELA (August 23, 1896)

• Various accounts by participants and historians give differing dates and places for the
Cry. An officer of the Spanish guardia civil, Lt. Olegario Diaz, stated that the Cry took
place in Balintawak on August 25, 1896. Teodoro Kalaw in his 1925 book The Filipino
Revolution, wrote that the event took place during the last week of August 1896 at
Kangkong, Balintawak. Santiago Alvarez, the son of Mariano Alvarez, the leader of the
Magdiwang faction in Cavite, stated in 1927 that the Cry took place in Bahay Toro, now
in Quezon City on August 24, 1896. Pío Valenzuela, a close associate of Andrés
Bonifacio declared in 1948 that it happened in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.
Gregorio Zaide stated in his books in 1954 that the "Cry" happened in Balintawak on
August 26, 1896. Fellow historian Teodoro Agoncillo wrote in 1956 that it took place in
Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896, based on Pío Valenzuela's statement. Accounts by
Milagros Guerrero, Emmanuel Encarnacion and Ramon Villegas claim the event to have
taken place in Tandang Sora's barn in Gulod, Barangay Banlat, Quezon City.

HISTORY OF CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN BY PIO VALENZUELA (August 23, 1896)

• Some of the apparent confusion is in part due to the double meanings of the terms
"Balintawak" and "Kalookan" at the turn of the century. Balintawak referred both to a
specific place in modern Caloocan and a wider area which included parts of modern
Quezon City. Similarly, Kalookan referred to modern Caloocan and also a wider area
which included modern Quezon City and part of modern Pasig. Pugad Lawin, Pasong
Tamo, Kangkong and other specific places were all in "greater Balintawak", which was
in turn part of "greater Caloocan".

DIFFERENT DATES AND PLACES BY PIO VALENZUELA

• This version of the “Cry” was written by Santiago Alvarez, a well-known Katipunero from
Cavite and a son of Mariano Alvarez. Santiago is a relative of Gregoria de Jesus, who
happened to be the wide of Andres Bonifacio. Unlike the author of the first version mentioned
(Valenzuela), Santiago Alvarez is not an eyewitness of this event. As a result, this version of him is
not given of equal value as compared with the other versions for authors of other accounts are
actually part of the historic event. Below is his account:

• Sunday, August 23, 1896 - As early as 10 o’clock in the morning, at the barn of Kabesang
Melchora [Melchora Aquino-Z.], at a place called Sampalukan, barrio of Bahay Toro,
Katipuneros met together. About 500 of these arrived, ready and eager to join the “Supremo”
Andres Bonifacio and his men …

• Monday, August 24, 1896 - There were about 1,000 Katipuneros … The “Supremo” decided to hold
a meeting inside the big barn. Under his leadership, the meeting began at 10 o’clock in the morning
… It was 12 o’clock noon when the meeting adjourned amidst loud cries of “Long live the Sons of
the Country” (Mabuhay ang mga anak ng Bayan)!

• (Source: Zaide, Gregoria and Zaide, Sonia. (1990). Documentary Sources of Philippine
History. Vol. 5. Manila: National Book Store.)

HISTORY OF CRY OF BAHAY TORO BY SANTIAGO ALVAREZ (August 24, 1896)

• This version was written by no other than the “Lakambini of the Katipunan” and wife of Andres Bonifacio,
Gregoria de Jesus. She has been a participant of this event and became the keeper of the secret
documents of the Katipunan. After the Revolution in August 1896, she lived with her parents in
Caloocan then fled to Manila when she was told that Spanish authorities wanted to arrest her.
Eventually, she joined her husband in the mountains and shared adversities with him. In her account, the
First “Cry” happened near Caloocan on August 25, 1896.

“The activities of the Katipunan had reached nearly all corners of the Philippine Archipelago, so
that when its existence was discovered and some of the members arrested, we immediately returned to
Caloocan. However, as we were closely watched by the agents of the Spanish authorities, Andres
Bonifacio and other Katipuneros left the town after some days. It was then that the uprising began,
with the first cry for freedom on August 25, 1896. Meanwhile, I was with my parents. Through my
friends, I learned that Spanish were coming to arrest me. Immediately, I fled town at eleven o’ clock
at night, secretly going through the rice fields to La Lorna, with the intention of returning to Manila. I was
treated like an apparition, for, sad to say, in every house where I tried to get a little rest, I was
driven away as if people therein were frightened for their own lives. Later, I found out that the
occupants of the houses which I had visited were seized and severely punished-- and some even exiled.
One of them was an uncle of mine whom I had visited on that night to kiss his hand, and he died in exile.”

• (Source: Zaide, Gregoria and Zaide, Sonia. (1990). Documentary Sources of Philippine History.
Vol. 5. Manila: National Book Store.)

HISTORY OF CRY OF BAHAY TORO BY SANTIAGO ALVAREZ (August 24, 1896)

• This version is written by the Katipunan General Guillermo Masangkay. He is an eyewitness of
the historic event and a childhood friend of Bonifacio. According to him, the first rally of the Philippine
Revolution happened on August 26, 1896 at Balintawak. Correspondingly, the date and site presented
were accepted by the preliminary years of American government. Below is General Guillermo
Masangkay’s version of the “Cry of Balintawak”.

• “On August 26th [1896-Z.], a big meeting was held in Balintawak, at the house of
Apolonio Samson, then the cabeza of that barrio of Caloocan. Among those who attended, I
remember, were Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Aguedo del Rosario, Tomas Remigio, Briccio Pantas, Teodoro
Plata, Pio Valenzuela, Enrique Pacheco, and Francisco Carreon. They were all leaders of the Katipunan
and composed the board of directors of the organization. Delegates from Bulacan, Cabanatuan,
Cavite and Morong (now Rizal,) were also present.

HISTORY OF THE CRY OF BALINTAWAK BY GUILLERMO MASANGKAY (August 26, 1896)

• This version is written by the Katipunan General Guillermo Masangkay. He is an eyewitness of
the historic event and a childhood friend of Bonifacio. According to him, the first rally of the Philippine
Revolution happened on August 26, 1896 at Balintawak. Correspondingly, the date and site presented
were accepted by the preliminary years of American government. Below is General Guillermo
Masangkay’s version of the “Cry of Balintawak”.

On August 26th [1896-Z.], a big meeting was held in Balintawak, at the house of Apolonio
Samson, then the cabeza of that barrio of Caloocan. Among those who attended, I remember,
were Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Aguedo del Rosario, Tomas Remigio, Briccio Pantas, Teodoro Plata, Pio
Valenzuela, Enrique Pacheco, and Francisco Carreon. They were all leaders of the Katipunan and
composed the board of directors of the organization. Delegates from Bulacan, Cabanatuan, Cavite
and Morong (now Rizal,) were also present.

At about nine o’clock in the morning of August 26, the meeting was opened with Andres Bonifacio
presiding and Emilio Jacinto acting as secretary. The purpose was to discuss when the uprising was to
take place. Teodoro Plata [Bonifacio’s brother-in-law – Z.], Briccio Pantas, and Pio Valenzuela were all
opposed to starting the revolution too early. They reasoned that the people would be in distress if
the revolution were started without adequate preparation. Plata was very forceful in his argument,
stating that the uprising could not very well be started without the arms and food for the soldiers.
Valenzuela used Rizal’s argument about the rich not siding with the Katipunan organization.

HISTORY OF THE CRY OF BALINTAWAK BY GUILLERMO MASANGKAY (August 26, 1896)

 Andres Bonifacio, sensing that he would lose in the discussion then, left the session hall and
talked to the people, who were waiting outside for the result of the meeting of the leaders. He told the
people that the leaders were arguing against starting the revolution early, and appealed to them in a
fiery speech in which he said: “You remember the fate of our countrymen who were shot in Bagumbayan.
Should we return now to the towns, the Spaniards will only shoot us. Our organization has been
discovered and we are all marked men. If we don’t start the uprising, the Spaniards will get us anyway.
What then, do you say?”

“Revolt!” the people shouted as one.

Bonifacio then asked the people to give a pledge that they were to revolt. He told them that the
sign of slavery of the Filipinos were (sic) the cedula tax charged each citizen. “If it is true that you are ready to
revolt,” Bonifacio saved, “I want to see you destroy your cedulas. It will be the sign that all of us have
declared our severance from the Spaniards.”

With tears in their eyes, the people as one man, pulled out their cedulas and tore them to
pieces. It was the beginning of the formal declaration of the separation from Spanish rule. With their cedulas
destroyed, they could no longer go back to their homes because the Spaniards would persecute
them, if not for being katipuneros, for having no cedulas. And people who had no cedulas during those days
were severely punished.

HISTORY OF THE CRY OF BALINTAWAK BY GUILLERMO MASANGKAY (August 26, 1896)

When the people’s pledge was obtained by Bonifacio, he returned to the session hall and informed the
leaders of what took place outside. “The people want to revolt, and they have destroyed their
cedulas,” Bonifacio said. “So now we have to start the uprising; otherwise the people by hundreds will be
shot.” There was no alternative. The board of directors, in the spite of the protests of Plata, Pantas, and
Valenzuela, voted for the revolution. And when this was decided, the people outside shouted: “Long Live
the Philippine Republic!”

I still remember Bonifacio as he appeared that day. Although a mere bodeguero

(warehouseman) and earning ₱25 (Mex.) a month, he was a cultured man. He always wore an open coat,
with black necktie, and black hat. He always carried an umbrella. At the meeting that morning of August 26,
Bonifacio took off his coat and was wearing only his shirt, with collar and tie. Bonifacio’s hobby was weaving
bamboo hats. During his spare time, he wove dozens of them and sold them in Manila. Thus, he made extra
money.
At about 5 o’clock in the afternoon, while the gathering at Balintawak was celebrating the
decision of the Katipunan leaders to start the uprising, the guards who were up in trees to watch for any
possible intruders or the approach of the enemy, gave the warning that the Spaniards were coming.

Led by Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and other leaders of the Katipunan, the men were
distributed in strategic positions and were prepared for attack of the civil guards. I was with a group stationed
on the bank of a small creek, guarding the places where the Spaniards were to pass in order to reach the
meeting place of the katipuneros. Shots were then fired by the civil guards, and that was the beginning of
the fire which later became such a huge conflagration.

HISTORY OF THE CRY OF BALINTAWAK BY GUILLERMO MASANGKAY (August 26, 1896)

• On July 11, 1869, Pio Valenzuela, a Filipino physician and a major figure during the
Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonizers, was born in Polo, Bulacan (present
day Valenzuela City).

• Valenzuela was a medical student at the University of Santos Tomas when he joined the
barely week-old Katipunan, a secret society founded by Andres Bonifacio on July 7,
1892 in Tondo, Manila.

• He secretly established Katipunan branches in many areas in Morong (now Rizal

province) and Bulacan.

• It was Dr. Valenzuela who was commissioned by Bonifacio to talk to Dr. Jose Rizal, who
was deported to Dapitan in Zamboanga, about the founding of the Katipunan and its
plan to rise against the Spanish authorities. He left for Dapitan on June 15, 1896.

• Rizal however insisted that the country came first and warned against embarking on a
change of government for which the people were not prepared. Rizal declared that
education was first necessary, and in his opinion general enlightenment was the only
road to progress.
PIO VALENZUELA
• Notably, Valenzuela helped Emilio Jacinto establish the Katipunan paper,
Kalayaan, using stolen types from the Diario de Manila.

• Valenzuela later availed of the amnesty that the Spanish colonial government
offered. He surrendered on September 1, 1896 and was then deported to
Spain where he was tried and imprisoned in Madrid. Later, he was transferred
to Malaga, Barcelona and then to a Spanish outpost in Africa. He was
incarcerated for about two years.

• Under American occupation, he was imprisoned again as he was denounced to

the American military authorities as a "radical propagandist".

• In later years, he served as the first mayor (during the American regime) of the
municipality of Polo (now Valenzuela City) from 1899 to 1900 before he
became the governor of Bulacan province (1921-1925).

PIO VALENZUELA
• After he retired from politics, he wrote his memoirs on the revolutionary days
but historians have since been wary of his autobiography because of some
inconsistencies in his version of events, particularly about his meeting with Dr.
Rizal in Dapitan in 1896.

• He died on April 6, 1956 at the age of 86.

• In 1963, the town of Polo was renamed Valenzuela in his honor. The
municipality became a city in 1998.

PIO VALENZUELA
• Primary source

• On July 25, 1872, Santiago Alvarez, a revolutionary general and founder and honorary
president of the first directorate of the Nacionalista Party, was born in Imus, Cavite. He
was known as Kidlat ng Apoy (Lightning of Fire) because of his inflamed bravery and
dedication as commander in the battle of Dalhican, Cavite. He was popularly acclaimed
the "Hero of the Battle of Dalahican".

• Although marginalized within the ranks of the revolution with the ascendancy of a rival
faction, Alvarez continued to support the cause of the revolution. After the revolution, he
enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas, later transferred to the Colegio de San Juan
de Letran where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts. He then took up law at the Liceo de
Manila.

• Upon establishment of the American civil government in the Philippines, Alvarez

assisted Pascual H. Poblete, Lope K. Santos and many others in the organization of the
Nacionalista Party, wherein he later became president of its directorate.

SANTIAGO ALVAREZ AKA “GENERAL APOY”

• In 1902, he presided over the Junta Magna de la Comisión de la Paz (Great
Council of the Peace Commission). The Junta was created to accelerate the
rehabilitation of the country from the destruction caused by the war.

• He died October 30, 1930, at age 58 in San Pablo City and was buried at the
San Pablo municipal cemetery.

SANTIAGO ALVAREZ AKA “GENERAL APOY”

• On May 9, 1875, Gregoria de Jesus, wife of Andres Bonifacio, a brave and patriotic
woman who played a heroic role in the Philippine Revolution, was born in Caloocan.
She was one of the four children of Nicolas de Jesus and Baltazara Alvarez Francisco.
Her father was a native of Caloocan, a master mason and carpenter by profession who
had been teniente del barrio and later gobernadorcillo (municipal mayor) of the town,
and her mother, a native of Noveleta, Cavite, was a niece of General Mariano Alvarez, a
plain housewife.

• She attended the local public elementary school and finished the first grades of
instruction. Although she was the recipient of a silver medal in recognition of her being
the winner of an examination given by the Governor General and the town curate, she
stopped schooling to help support her family and her two brothers Arcadio and Ariston
who were studying in Manila. She relates in her Autobiography:
"I decided to stop studying and to join my sister in looking after my family interests.
Often I had to go out in the country to supervise the planting and harvesting of our rice,
to see our tenants and laborers, or to pay them their wages on Sundays. Also now and
then, I did some sewing and weaving and assisted my mother in her housework."

GREGORIA DE JESUS
• Oriang, as she was fondly called, grew up to be a beautiful maiden. Many
young men called at their house, and one among them was Andres Bonifacio,
who came in the company of Ladislao Diwa and her cousin Teodoro Plata.
Bonifacio wooed her with his characteristic boldness and persistency. Out of
respect to her parents, who are against Bonifacio for the reason of him being a
freemason, they even tried to keep her away from Bonifacio by transferring her
to an accessoria (apartment) in Binondo. Oriang who was eighteen years of
age, was canonically married to Bonifacio (29 years of age) in the Catholic
Church of Binondo in March, 1893, with Mr. & Mrs. Restituto Javier as wedding
sponsors. A week later they were married again under Katipunan rites in the
house of their sponsors, after which Oriang was initiated as member of the
Katipunan. She took the symbolic name Lakambini which means "princess".
She was the first Filipino woman to join the Katipunan.

GREGORIA DE JESUS
• They stayed about one week in Mr. Restituto Javier's house and decided to look for a
residence of their own. They found one on Calle Anyahan in front of the San Ignacio Chapel
and after that she began to do all she could for the propagation of the Katipunan (recruiting
of new members). The dangerous work of keeping the secret papers of the society was
entrusted to her. It was here that Emilio Jacinto assembled the printing press of the
Katipunan.

• Oriang and her ninang, Benita Rodriguez y Javier, sewed the first flag of the Katipunan.

• After more than a year, Oriang gave birth to a baby boy in her parent's house in Caloocan
and christened him with his father's name. Dr. Pio Valenzuela acted as the boy's godfather at
baptism. After two months the couple returned to Manila and before the year's end, they
were among the victims of the fire that razed Dulong bayan. Another sad event that overtook
them was the death of their child, a victim of small-pox, at home of Dr. Valenzuela on Calle
Lavezares, Binondo, Manila.

• When the Katipunan was finally discovered, Gregoria had to go into hiding with Bonifacio.
They fled from the city and went to Balintawak. Later on, they went to the mountains. They
traveled at night with assumed names. Gregoria used the name Manuela Gonzaga.

GREGORIA DE JESUS
• When Gen Guillermo Masangkay y Rafael was born on 25 June 1867, in Tondo, Manila,
Metro Manila, Philippines, his father, Domingo Masangkay, was 25 and his mother,
Victoria Rafael, was 23. He had at least 4 sons and 3 daughters with Romana Noriel. He
died on 30 May 1963, in Philippines, at the age of 95.

• One of the most prominent streets of Manila’s Santa Cruz-Binondo area is a street
called Masangkay, named after a prominent figure in the Kataastaasang, Kagalang-
galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or the KKK/Katipunan movement. But
more than that, he was also a good friend and confidant of Andres Bonifacio, the
movement’s founder and Supremo.

• Guillermo Masangkay was one of them, a friend and adviser of Andres Bonifacio,a
bosom friend who joined that underground society when he was only 17.

• He was born on June 25, 1867 in Meisic, Tondo, Manila. His parents were Domingo
Masangkay of Batangas and Victoria Rafael of Tanza, Cavite. He was the youngest of
four children.

GUILLERMO MASANGKAY
• Masangkay had no formal education. However, he had a strong intellectual
drive.Thus, although he was only a bangkero, or boatman, he became fluent in
Spanish and deeply aware of the political and social conditions of his time.

• He was plying his trade when he heard about a prominent young man in his
neighborhood that he became friends with – Bonifacio. As they got to know
eachother well, they found that they had the same patriotic aspirations.

• Masangkay was with Bonifacio in April 1896 at the Bernardo Carpio Cave on
Mt. Tapusi, San Mateo, Rizal. It was the site originally chosen for the start of
the uprising, not Balintawak.

• Masangkay, also known as guillermo was born on June 25, 1867 and native of
Meisic, Tondo, Manila and one of the first members of the Katipunan. He died
on May 30, 1963

GUILLERMO MASANGKAY
• The location and date when the first rally of the Revolution was in Balintawak and was
held last August 25, 1896.

• It is also mentioned that Bonifacio and his 200 followers quickly fled to the nearby town
of Caloocan.

• August 23, 1896 – Bonifacio moved to the barrio of Balintanac followed by 200 men
from Caloocan.

• August 24, 1896 – They were attacked by Guardia Civils then retreated to their hiding
places.

• August 25, 1896 – The Supreme Council called for a big meeting wherein Bonifacio
proposed to take up arms against the Spanish authorities.

• More than 5000 members attended the said meeting.

GUARDIA CIVIL’S REPORT

• Olegario Diaz, who was an officer of the Spanish Guardia civil stated that the
Cry happened in Balintawak on August 25, 1896.

• Captain Olegario Diaz is a Spanish commander of the Guardia Civil Veterans

of Manila.

• He is the one in-charge of investigation regarding the Katipunan.

• Cited in his reports are the details about the first cry of the rebellion.

• He was even awed of how Bonifacio wielded a strong influence, as his

proposal, according to Diaz, “was approved by an overwhelming majority”.
This decision being approved was the orders being sent out to Manila, Cavite,
Nueva Ecija, and other provinces for the katipuneros to strike at dawn on
Sunday, August 30th against the Spaniards.

CAPTAIN OLEGARIO DIAZ

• Access to this page has been denied. (n.d.). Access to this page has been denied.
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/silliman-university/advanced-social-psychology/cry-of-balintawak-study-
of-history-in-spanish-colonies/12146624

• Access to this page has been denied. (n.d.). Access to this page has been denied.
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/silliman-university/advanced-social-psychology/cry-of-balintawak-study-
of-history-in-spanish-colonies/12146624

• Cry of Balintawak or Pugad lawin. (n.d.). StuDocu. https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/ateneo-de-davao-

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REFERENCES:
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