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1 Number System

This document provides information on various number systems topics: 1) It defines rational and irrational numbers and discusses how to determine if a number is prime or composite. It also covers twin primes and co-prime numbers. 2) Divisibility rules are presented for numbers 2 through 12 based on patterns in the ones/last digits. The document also discusses writing numbers as products of co-prime numbers. 3) The unit digit concept and power/exponent cycles are explained for performing calculations mentally based on the last digit. 4) Highest common factor (HCF) and least common multiple (LCM) are defined and formulas/examples provided to calculate them.

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RUPINDER SINGH
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63 views50 pages

1 Number System

This document provides information on various number systems topics: 1) It defines rational and irrational numbers and discusses how to determine if a number is prime or composite. It also covers twin primes and co-prime numbers. 2) Divisibility rules are presented for numbers 2 through 12 based on patterns in the ones/last digits. The document also discusses writing numbers as products of co-prime numbers. 3) The unit digit concept and power/exponent cycles are explained for performing calculations mentally based on the last digit. 4) Highest common factor (HCF) and least common multiple (LCM) are defined and formulas/examples provided to calculate them.

Uploaded by

RUPINDER SINGH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number

Systems
Content
CLASSIFICATION OF NUMBERS
- How to find if a number is prime
or not
DIVISIBILITY RULE
POWER CYCLE/ UNIT DIGIT
HCF & LCM
1. Classification of numbers
What is a rational number?
A rational number is a number which can be expressed
in the form of p/q where p & q are integers and q≠0.
Any terminating or recurring decimal is a rational
number.How to find whether a no is Prime or not

Numbers other than rational numbers are called


irrational numbers which is non-terminating and non-
repeating.
Example: Numbers like π, e are also irrational numbers
Q) Express 0.232323….in the form of
p/q?
a)23/100
b)13/10
c)23/99
d) 23/90
Q) Express 0.7191919….in the form of
p/q?
a)328/495
b)284/495
c)356/495
d) 578/495
What are prime numbers?
Prime number is a number which has exactly two factors
which is 1 and itself.

Numbers other than prime is called Composite numbers


which has more than two factors.
How to find whether a no is Prime or not

Twin Primes: – A pair of prime numbers when they differ


by 2 is called twin prime numbers.
Example: (3, 5), (5, 7), (11, 13), (17, 19) etc.

Co-prime Numbers: – A pair of two natural numbers (may


or may not be prime number) are said to be co-prime if
their G.C.D. or H.C.F. is 1.
Example: H.C.F. (3, 4) = 1, H.C.F. (13, 15) = 1 then (3, 4)
and (13, 15) are co-prime numbers
How to find if a number is prime or not?

N is a prime number if it is not divisible by numbers lesser than √N.


Example: 191 is a prime number since it is not divisible by 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 13 [numbers less than
√191 (≈14)].

Note: Prime numbers will always be in the form (6k±1) where k= 1, 2, 3....
But not all (6k±1) will be a prime number.

(6k±1)

prime numbers
Q) Which of the following numbers is
not a prime number?
a)731
How to find whether a no is Prime or not
b)227
c)347
d) 461
Q) How many twin primes are there
between 1 and 50?
a)5
b)6
c)3
d) 4
Q) Which of these pairs are co-prime
numbers?
a) 28,48
b) 18,39
c) 66,77
d) 11,15
Perfect Numbers: If the addition of all the factors of a number excluding the number
itself happens to be equal to the number, it is called a perfect number.
First perfect number is 6.
Factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, 6.
Now add all the factors excluding 6.
1+2+3 = 6, hence 6 is a perfect number.
Example: 28, 496 and 8128.

Complex Numbers: The number which have real and imaginary component is called a
complex number.
Example: 3+4i, 5+6i, where √-1 is a imaginary number

Face Value of a digit in a number is its own value.


Example: 6728, Face Value ⇒ 6 = 6, 7 = 7, 2 = 2 and 8 = 8

Place Value of a digit is given by multiplying it with value of place where it is placed.
Example: 6729
Place Value of 7 ⇒ 7 × 100 = 700; Place Value of 6 ⇒ 6 × 1000 = 6000
Q) What is the place value and face
value of 7 in 57934?
a) 7,7000
b) 7,7
c) 7000,700
d) 7000,7
Q) Which of the following number is a
perfect number?
a) 29
b) 486
c) 9
d) 8128
Q) Which of the following number is
not a complex number?
a) 9i
b) 7 + 5i
c) 16
d) -6 + 3i
2. Divisibility Rules
A number is divisible by

 2 If the last digit is even.


 3 If the sum of the digits is divisible by 3.
 4 If the last two digits of the number divisible by 4.
 5 If the last digit is a 5 or a 0.
 6 If the number is divisible by both 3 and 2.
 7 If the number formed by subtracting twice the last digit with the number formed by;
rest of the digits is divisible by 7. Example: 343. 34-(3x2) = 28 is divisible by 7.
 8 If the last three digits form a number divisible by 8.
 9 If the sum of the digits is divisible by 9.
 10 If the last digit of number is 0.
 11 If the difference between sum of digits in even places and the sum of the digits in odd places is 0 or
divisible by 11.
Example: 365167484
 (3+5+6+4+4) – (6+1+7+8) = 0
 ∴ 365167484 is divisible by 11.
 12 If the number is divisible by both 3 and 4.
Any other numbers can be written in terms of the numbers whose
divisibility is already known.

Example: 15 = 3 x 5
18 = 2 x 9
33 = 3 x 11
How to find whether a no is Prime or not

Note: The numbers expressed should be co-prime (i.e., the HCF of the
two numbers should be 1)

Example: 40 = 4 x 10 is wrong because HCF(4,10) is 2.


∴ 40 = 5 x 8 because HCF(5,8) is 1.
Q. What should come in place of
x if 563x5 is divisible by 9?
How to find whether a no is Prime or not
Q. What should come in place
of x if 4857x is divisible by 88?
How to find whether a no is Prime or not
3. Unit Digit Concept

Choose the nth value in the cycle if the remainder is n except for
the last value whose remainder should be 0.
Note: The last digit of an expression will
always depend on the unit digit of the
values.

Example: The
How to find whether a no isunit digit
Prime or not of 123 x 456 x 789

= 3 x 6 x 9 = 18 x 9
=8x9 =2
7. HCF

The highest common factor of


two or more numbers is the
greatest number, which divides
each of those numbers exact
number of times. e.g HCF of 20
and 40 is 20
Q1. Find the HCF of 72 and 384.
Q2. Find the HCF of 28, 70 and 126.
Q3. Find the greatest number which when
divides 524 and 1045 leaves a remainder of 4
and 5 respectively.
Q4. The greatest number which when divides
120, 230 and 450 will leave the same
remainder 10 is :
Q5. A customer comes to purchase wheat from
a shopkeeper in following quantities 340 kg,
371 kg and 433 kg. If the shopkeeper wants
to use a single measuring cup, what size
should it be (in kg.)?:
Q6. A shopkeeper has 451 bananas and 132 grapes .They
are to be divided into boxes, each box having the same
number of fruits, without mixing the two types. Find the
minimum number of boxes needed?A shopkeeper has
451 oranges and 132 apples. They are to be
divided into boxes, each box having the same
number of fruits, without mixing the two types.
Find the minimum number of boxes needed?
LCM
The least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers is the
smallest of the numbers, which is exactly divisible by each of them.
e.g Consider two numbers 12 and 15:

Multiples of 2 are: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, ....


Multiples of 5 are: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, ......
The common multiples of both 2 and 5 are 10, 20, 30, ....
The least common multiple is 10.
Q1. Find the LCM of 6,10,30 and 42shopkeeper
has 451 oranges and 132 apples. They
are to be divided into boxes, each box
having the same number of fruits, without
mixing the two types. Find the minimum
number of boxes needed?
Q2. The least number which is divisible by
10,15,12,20,30 is 451 oranges and 132
apples. They are to be divided into boxes,
each box having the same number of
fruits, without mixing the two types. Find
the minimum number of boxes needed?
Q3. The least number which when divided by
4,6,8,12,24 leaves the same remainder 5 in each
case.has 451 oranges and 132 apples. They
are to be divided into boxes, each box
having the same number of fruits, without
mixing the two types. Find the minimum
number of boxes needed?
Q4.Find the smallest number which
when divided by 12,15,18 leaves a
remainder of 2,5,8 respectively is
Important formulae:
Q) Four bells ring at an interval 3min,
4min, 5min and 6 minutes respectively.
If all the four bells ring at 9am first,
when will it ring again?
Q) The H.C.F. of two numbers is 11
and their L.C.M. is 7700. If one of the
numbers is 275, then the other is:

A)308
B)310
C)312
D)None
Q) The H.C.F of 9/10, 12/25, 18/35,
and 21/40 is?

A)3/1400
B)5/1400
C)7/1400
D)None
Q) Which of the following
fraction is the largest?

7/8, 13/16, 31/40, 63/80

A)7/8
B)13/16
C)31/40
D)63/80
Q) A, B and C start at the same time in the same direction
to run around a circular stadium. A completes a round in
252 seconds, B in 308 seconds and c in 198 seconds, all
starting at the same point. After what time will they again
at the starting point?

A)26 min 18 sec


B)42 min 36 sec
C)45 min
D)46 min 12 sec
Next Class Averages

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