PRESENTATION ON

Spatial &
Geographical Data.
Multimedia
Databases
Submitted By: Submitted To:
Abhishek. M [MY.SC.I5MCA19015] Dr.Tilagaraj T
S. Sanjeev Kumar[MY.SC.I5MCA19023] Asst.Professor
Int.MCA VIth Sem Department of Computer Science
Amrita Mysuru Campus Amrita Mysuru Campus
 About
Spatial Data
Spatial data is associated with geographic locations such as cities, towns etc. A spatial database is
optimized to store and query data representing objects. These are the objects which are defined in a
geometric space.
 Lets Dive deep !
About Spatial Data
 Spatial data support in databases is important for efficiently storing, indexing,
and querying of data on the basis of spatial locations.
 For example, suppose that we want to store a set of polygons in a database and to query the
database to find all polygons that intersect a given polygon. We cannot use standard index
structures, such as B-trees or hash indices, to answer such a query efficiently.
 Efficient processing of the above query would require special-purpose index
structures, such as R-trees (which we study later) for the task.

Characteristics of Spatial Database

A spatial database system has the following characteristics
 It is a database system
 It offers spatial data types (SDTs) in its data model and query language.
 It supports spatial data types in its implementation, providing at least spatial
indexing and efficient algorithms for spatial join.
Types Of Spatial Data
02 Geographic data
 These are data such as road maps, land-usage maps, topographic
elevation maps, political maps showing boundaries, land-
01 Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) ownership maps, and so on.
 Geographic information systems are special-purpose databases
 which includes spatial information about how objects—such as
tailored for storing geographic data.
buildings, cars, or aircraft—are constructed.
 Support for geographic data has been added to many database
 Other Important examples of computer-aided-design databases are
systems, such as the IBM DB2 Spatial Extender, the Informix
integrated-circuit and electronic-device layouts.
Spatial Data blade, and Oracle Spatial.
 About
Geographical Data
A geodatabase (also geographical database and geospatial database) is a database of geographic data, such
as countries, administrative divisions, cities, and related information. Such databases can be useful for
websites that wish to identify the locations of their visitors for customization purposes.
Into Depth of Geographical Datary

 Geographic data are spatial in nature, but differ from design data in certain ways.
 Maps and satellite images are typical examples of geographic data.
 Maps may provide not only location information—about boundaries, rivers, and roads,
for example—but also much more detailed information associated with locations, such
as elevation, soil type, land usage, and annual rainfall.

Applications of Geographical Data:

 Geographic databases have a variety of uses, including online map services;
vehicle-navigation systems; distribution-network information for public-service
utilities such as telephone, electric-power, and water-supply systems; and land usage information for
ecologists and planners.
 Web-based road map services form a very widely used application of map
data.
 Geographic data can be categorized into two
types:

RASTER DATA
VECTOR DATA
 Such data consist of bit maps or pixel  Vector data are constructed from basic geometric
maps, in two or more dimensions. A typical objects.
example of a two-dimensional raster  Points, line segments, polylines, triangles, and other
image is a satellite image of an area. polygons in two dimensions.
 Raster data is often represented as tiles,  cylinders, spheres, cuboids, and other polyhedrons in
each covering a fixed sized area. three dimensions

2022 Presentation
 Multimedia Databases

 Multimedia database is the collection of interrelated multimedia data that includes text, graphics
(sketches, drawings), images, animations, video, audio etc. and have vast amounts of multisource
multimedia data.

 The framework that manages different types of multimedia data which can be stored, delivered and
utilized in different ways is known as multimedia database management system.

 There are three classes of the multimedia database which includes static media, dynamic media and
dimensional media.
Content of Multimedia Database
Management System are :
Media data Media keyword data
Media data Keywords description relating to the
The actual data representing an object.
generation of data. It is also known as
Media format data content descriptive data. Example:
date, time and place of recording.
Media keyword data

Media feature data

Media format data Media feature data

Information such as sampling rate, Content dependent data such as the
resolution, encoding scheme etc. about distribution of colors, kinds of texture
the format of the media data after it and different shapes present in data.
goes through the acquisition,
processing and encoding phase.
 Areas where multimedia database is
applied are :
Real-time control
Documents and record Education and and monitoring
management training
Coupled with active database technology,
Industries and businesses that keep Computer-aided learning materials can multimedia presentation of information can be
detailed records and variety of be designed using multimedia sources very effective means for monitoring and
documents. Example: Insurance claim which are nowadays very popular controlling complex tasks Example:
record. sources of learning. Example: Digital Manufacturing operation control.
libraries.
Knowledge
dissemination
Advertising
Multimedia database is a very effective
tool for knowledge dissemination in Marketing, advertising, retailing,
terms of providing several resources. entertainment and travel. Example: a
Example: Electronic books. virtual tour of cities.
Thank You