PRACTICAL

RESEARCH
 Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 1
Qualitative Research Design
 EXPECTATION
This module aims to help you decide what design you
are going to use for your research paper.
After going through this module, you are
expected to:
1. discuss the concept of the research designs;
2. familiarize oneself with the nature of each
qualitative research design; and,
3. conduct a doable or practicable research study
based on one qualitative research design.
 PRETEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your
answer in your notebook.
1. A research design is made up of things indicating
A. Craftsmanship
B. Relationship
C. Separation
D. Singularity
2. Wanting to increase your understanding of the burial
practices of the
Mangyans, you choose the qualitative research design
called

A. Ethnographical
B. Grounded theory
C. Historical
3. The Grounded theory involves a series of
A. Books
B. Designs
C. Instructions
D. Theories

4. A great degree of man’s emotionality surfaces in what type of

research design?
E. Case study
F. Ethnography
G. Historical
H. Phenomenology
5. What design makes an individual
distinct from the others?
A. Case study
B. Ethnography
C. Historical
D.Phenomenology
 LESSON

Research Design
This is a blueprint.
A blueprint is a guide for making
something. It's a design or pattern
that can be followed like what is the
measurement of height, width,
length, distance to build your
designed building, or a house.

Design is a word that means a

plan or something that is
conceptualized by the mind. It is a
result of a mental activity
Figure 1. Blueprint characterized by an unfixed
formation of something but an extensive interconnection of things. Design in the field of
research serves as a blueprint or a skeletal framework of your research study. It includes
many related aspects of your research work. If you are working on the research, what
should be the content of your design? When you come up with a decision to your
choice of design, you have to finalize your mind on the following:
Figure 1. Blueprint
1. What is the purpose of the research based on your design?
2. What is your philosophical basis?
3. What is the type of data for your research?
4. What is the methods or technique in collecting and analyzing the data?

Your research design is realized by any of these types of qualitative research that has its
data collection technique. Whether you think of them as research types of research
designs, just the same, you get to deal with the same features or aspects involved in each
type or design ( Baraceros 2016, 85).
Types of Qualitative Designs
1. Case study
To do a research study based on this research design is to
describe a person, a thing, or any creature on the Earth for
explaining the reasons behind the nature of existence. Your aim is
to determine why such a creature (person, organization, thing, or
event) acts or behaves, occurs, or exist in a particular manner.
Your methods of collecting data for this qualitative research
design are interview, observation, and questionnaire. One
advantage of the case study is the capacity to deal with a lot of
factors to determine the unique characteristics of the entity (Meng
2012; Yin 2012).
2. Ethnography
A qualitative research design that involves a study of a certain
cultural group or organization in which the researcher, to obtain
knowledge about the characteristics, organizational setup, and the
relationship of the group members, must necessarily involve in their
group activities. Since this design gives stress to the study of a group of
people, this is one special kind of a case study. The only thing that
makes it different from the latter is your participation as a researcher
in the activities of the group. This design requires your actual
participation in the group members’ activities while the case study
treats you, the researcher, as an outsider whose role is just to observe
the group. Here in ethnography design requires you to live with the
subject in several months. This aims at defining, describing, or
portraying a certain group of people possessing unique cultural traits
(Walliman 2014).
 A qualitative research design that involves a study of a certain cultural group
or organization in which the researcher, to obtain knowledge about the
characteristics, organizational setup, and the relationship of the group members,
must necessarily involve in their group activities. Since this design gives stress to
the study of a group of people, this is one special kind of a case study. The only thing
that makes it different from the latter is your participation as a researcher in the
activities of the group. This design requires your actual participation in the group
members’ activities while the case study treats you, the researcher, as an outsider
whose role is just to observe the group. Here in ethnography design requires you to
live with the subject in several months. This aims at defining, describing, or
portraying a certain group of people possessing unique cultural traits (Walliman
2014).
3. Historical Study
This qualitative research design tells you the right research method to
determine the reasons for changes or permanence of things in the physical world in
a certain period ( years, decades, or centuries). What is referred to in the study as
the time of change is not a time shorter than a year but a period indicating a big
number of years. This design differs from the other designs because of the element
S C O P E . The scope of coverage of the historical study refers to:
a. number of years covered;
b. the kind of events focused on; and
c. extend of new knowledge/discoveries resulting from the
3. Historical Study
This qualitative research design tells you the right research method to
determine the reasons for changes or permanence of things in the physical world in
a certain period ( years, decades, or centuries). What is referred to in the study as
the time of change is not a time shorter than a year but a period indicating a big
number of years. This design differs from the other designs because of the element
S C O P E . The scope of coverage of the historical study refers to:
a. number of years covered;
b. the kind of events focused on; and
c. extend of new knowledge/discoveries resulting from the
historical study.
The data collecting techniques for a study following a historical research
design are biography or autobiography reading, documentary analysis, and
chronicling activities. Chronicling activities makes you interview people a time.
However, one drawback of historical studies is the absence, or loss of complete and
well-kept old that may hinder the completion of the study.
4. Phenomenology
A phenomenon is something that you experience on earth as a
person. It is a sensory experience that makes you perceive or
understand things that naturally occur in your life such as death, joy,
friendship, caregiving, defeat, victory, and the like. This qualitative
design makes you follow a research method that will let you
understand the ways of how people go to an inevitable event in their
lives. You are prone to extending your time in listening to people
recount their significant experiences to be able to get a clue or pattern
of their techniques to term with the positive or negative results of their
life experiences. This aims at getting a thorough understanding of an
individual’s life experiences for this same person’s realistic dealings
with hard facts of life ( Paris 2014).
5. Rounded Theory
A research study adhering to a grounded theory research design aims at
developing a theory to increase understanding of something in a psycho-social
context. S u c h a study enables you to develop theories to explain sociologically and
psychologically influence phenomena for proper identification of a certain
educational process. Occurring an inductive manner, wherein one basic category of
people’s action and interactions gets related to a second category; to the third
category; and so on, until a new theory emerges from the previous data ( Gibson 201
14; Creswell 2012).
A return to the previous data to validate a newfound theory in a zigzag
sampling. Moving from category to category, a study using a grounded theory design
is done by a researcher wanting to know how people fair up in a process-bound
activity such as writing. Collecting data on grounded theory design is through a
formal, informal, or semi-structured interview, as well as analysis of written works,
notes, phone calls, meeting proceedings, and training sessions ( Picardie 2014).
 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1
Directions: Answer the following questions intelligently and concisely.

1. What comes to your mind when you think of the word “research design”?
2. Are you going to work on old and new data in a grounded theory research
design? Why? Why not?
3. In choosing a historical design, what could prevent you from finishing your
study?
4. Could an impatient researcher prosper under a phenomenological research
design? Why? Why not?
5. In what way case studies similar to ethnography and in what way they differ?
ACTIVITY TIME!
Activity 2

Directions: Draw a line linking two expressions in A and B . Answer in your notebook.
A. Research Topics B. Qualitaive Research Designs
1. Depressed Bar Exams Failures Grounded Theory
2. Kurdish Wedding Rites
Case Study
3. Acquiring intercultural
Comptence via SFG Grammar Historical Study
4. The Coming of Age of Filipino
Novel in English Phenomenological
5. Ebola-stricken Babies in ethnography
Bataan
Activity 3
Directions: Decide what research design is appropriate for each situation, based on
what you learned about qualitative research design. Conduct a research design by
providing the answer to the following questions. Answers should be written in your
notebook.

a. What research design is appropriate for each situation?

b. What is the purpose of the research based on your design?
c. What is the methods or technique in collecting and analyzing the data
Example
The grieving relatives of soldiers’ death in Marawi battle.
a. The best design for this is Phenomenological research design
b. This research design aims to understand the actions of the grieving
relatives as
they deal or cope with their emotions from the loses of their
love ones.
c. To gather the data, I’ll have an unconstructed interview. Ex.
What do you do to cope with the pain of losing someone dear to you?
 1. Spend half a year living with the people in Ilocos Norte.

2. Have patience, time, and interest in listening to

battered wives and raped victims,
3. Know the extent of Filipinos’ penchant for white-collar jobs during
the Spanish era up to this period.

4. Give a verbal account or portrayal of the kindergarten pupils of St .

Paul College

5. Discover the reasons for the excessive aggressiveness of Dino Cruz,

a grade 4 pupil.
K E Y TO CORRECTION
Pretest Posttest
1. A 1. A
2. A 2. B
3. D 3. B
4. D 4. D
5. A 5. B