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Sampling

This document discusses different sampling methods used in data collection. It describes probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. It also covers non-probability sampling techniques such as convenience sampling, quota sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling. The purpose of sampling is to obtain information about a population from a sample in order to make statistical inferences. Proper sampling methods can provide good estimates of population characteristics while minimizing errors and costs compared to surveying the entire population.

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21 views21 pages

Sampling

This document discusses different sampling methods used in data collection. It describes probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, and systematic sampling. It also covers non-probability sampling techniques such as convenience sampling, quota sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling. The purpose of sampling is to obtain information about a population from a sample in order to make statistical inferences. Proper sampling methods can provide good estimates of population characteristics while minimizing errors and costs compared to surveying the entire population.

Uploaded by

reffatnizam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data collection methods

Sampling Methodology

01/20/24 1
Population & Sample

01/20/24 2
Population & Sample
• Parameter: A calculated value from
Population

• Statistic: A calculated value from


sample

01/20/24 3
Purpose of Sampling

• statistical inference is to obtain


information about a population from
information contained in a sample.
•The sample results provide only
estimates of the values of the
population characteristics.
•With proper sampling methods, the
sample results will provide “good”
estimates of the population
characteristics.
Advantages of Sampling
o Sampling Saves Money And Time
o useful when sampling unit are
sensitive
o for Infinite Population
o High Response rate
Errors in sampling
• Sampling Error
– Sample size

• Non Sampling Error


– Failure to measure the units in selected sample
– Observational or defective measurements
techniques
– Errors introduced in editing, coding and tabulating
the result
Types of sampling

1. Probability Sampling
– Subjects have equal chance of selection
2. Non-probability sampling
– Subjects of un-equal chance of selection
01/20/24 8
Probability Sampling

Probability – Sample is selected based


on a random process (which means it is
based on chance).
Non-Probability Sampling

Non-probability– Sample is selected


using some nonrandom process (not
based on chance).
Types of Probability Samples

• Simple Random Sample


• Systematic Sample
• Stratified Random Sample
• Cluster Sample
Simple Random Sampling

Each element in the population has


an equal probability (chance) of
being selected for the sample
•Sampling With Replacement
•Sampling Without Replacement
Stratified Random Sample
• Strata – is a group of people who
share a common characteristic.

Examples of strata– race, gender,


marital status.
Procedure
a. Strata
b. No Overlapping
c. Homogenous Groups
d. Random Sample taken from
Each Stratum
e. Parameter Estimates
Cluster Sampling
• The population is first divided into separate
groups of elements called clusters.
• Ideally, each cluster is a representative small-
scale version of the population (i.e.
heterogeneous group).
• A simple random sample of the clusters is then
taken.
• All elements within each sampled (chosen)
cluster form the sample.
Systematic Sampling
Nth subject
It has all properties of S.R.S.
Non-probability Sampling
Obtain subjects in some nonrandom
way.

Typically volunteers
Convenience Sampling
• Haphazard
• May not be representative
Quota Sampling
• Divide the population into various categories

• Determine the number of people to be


selected for each category

• For each category, you obtain an accidental


sample until you fill the quota of people you
need for that category
Purposive or Judgmental Sample

• Select the sample on the basis of your


knowledge of the population and nature
of your research aims.
Snowball Sample
• Find someone who fits the criteria for
the study (accidental/convenience
sample)

• Interview person and at end of


interview, you ask if he/she knows of
other people who meet the study criteria
and may be willing to participate

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