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PHYSICS21 Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic fields are force fields that arise from magnets and electric currents. Magnetic field lines emanate from the poles of magnets in concentrated areas and wrap around current-carrying conductors. Like magnetic poles repel and opposite poles attract one another according to the right-hand rule. A moving electric charge experiences a magnetic force perpendicular to its velocity and the magnetic field. This causes charged particles to follow curved paths in uniform magnetic fields. The magnetic field strength is quantified in teslas and can be determined using Ampere's law.

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2K views28 pages

PHYSICS21 Magnetic Field Lines

Magnetic fields are force fields that arise from magnets and electric currents. Magnetic field lines emanate from the poles of magnets in concentrated areas and wrap around current-carrying conductors. Like magnetic poles repel and opposite poles attract one another according to the right-hand rule. A moving electric charge experiences a magnetic force perpendicular to its velocity and the magnetic field. This causes charged particles to follow curved paths in uniform magnetic fields. The magnetic field strength is quantified in teslas and can be determined using Ampere's law.

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api-3805293
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Magnetic Field Sources

Magnetic Fields
• A force field that denotes
the area in which the non-
contact force of
permanent magnets or
current carrying
conductors can exert their
influence
• Fields are concentrated
at the poles
• Same properties with
Electric field lines except
that there is no magnetic
monopole
Magnetic field lines
Magnetic Force

• Like poles repel, opposite


attract
• An object that contains iron
but is not itself magnetized
is attracted by either pole
of a permanent magnet.
Magnetic Force
Magnetic interactions can be
described as:
• A moving charge or a current creates a
magnetic field in the surrounding space (in
addition to its electric field)
• The magnetic field exerts a force Fm on any
other moving charge or current that is present
in the field.
• The magnetic force Fm acting on a positive
charge q moving with velocity v is
perpendicular to both Fm and the magnetic field
B.
Units of Magnetic Fields
• SI units: tesla, T
1 tesla = 1 T = 1 N/A·m
• Or: gauss, G
1 G = 10-4 T
Magnetic Force on Moving Charge
• Moving charged
r particles are deflected in magnetic
r r
fields F  q v  B
• Right-Hand Rule
Grip and Hand Rules

Out of the Page

In to the Page
Magnetic Force on Moving Charge
The magnetic force is always perpendicular to v; a
particle moving under the action of a magnetic field
alone moves with a constant speed.
Motion of charged particles in a
magnetic field
Motion of charged particles in a
magnetic field

Fig. 27.18
Motion of charged particles in a
magnetic field

Fig. 27.17
Applications of motion of charged
particles
Velocity Selector
• Particles of a specific
speed can be selected
from the beam using an
arrangement of electric
and magnetic fields called
a velocity selector.
Magnetic Force on Current
Carrying Wire

FM = Il × B
FM = IlB sin θ
Magnetic Force on Current
Carrying Wire
Ampere’s Law
• Used to determine the magnetic field yielded by current-
carrying wire
• Ampere’s law states that the product B and length of line
segment around any closed path equals µ0 times the net
current through the area enclosed by the path.
• Direction of Magnetic field is determined by corkscrew method

∑ B∆l = µ I 0 enclosed
Ampere’s Law
B=µ 0I/2πL
Magnetic field profile of 2 parallel
current carrying wires
Solution

µI µI µI
Btotal =B1 −B2 = 0 − 0 = 0 (point P1 )
4πd 8πd 8πd
µI µI µI
Btotal =B1 +B2 = 0 + 0 = 0 (point P2 )
2πd 2πd πd
µI µI µI
Btotal =B2 −B1 = 0 − 0 = 0 (point P3 )
2πd 6πd 3πd
Magnetic Field in Solenoid
Magnetic Field in Solenoid
B=µ 0nI
Ampere’s Experiment

B1=µ 0I1/2πL F= µ 0I1I2l/2πL


Exercise

B1=µ 0I1/2πL F/l= µ 0I1I2/2πL


Example
Suspending a current with a current
A horizontal wire carries a current I1=80 A dc. A second
parallel wire 20 cm below it must carry how much
current I2 so that it doesn’t fall due to gravity? The lower
wire is a homogenous wire with a mass of 0.12 g per
meter of length.
F/L = mg/L=1.18 x 10-3 N/m
µ 0I1I2/2π L = 1.18 x 10-3 N/m
I2= 15 A
Definitions
• Ampere current flowing in each of the two
long parallel conductors 1 m apart, which
results in a force of exactly 2 x 10-7 N/m of
length of each conductor.
• Coulomb one ampere-second
Solution Set

F/l= µ 0I1I2/2πL
FA/l= 5.83 x 10-5N/m; 90
FB/l=3.37 x 10-5N/m; -60
FC/l=3.37 x 10-5N/m; 240

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