Teaching Methods

A,Formal presentation methods

• Lecture
– Symposium
– Pannel Discussion
– Forum
• Buzz group or buzz session
• Workshop
• Seminar
• Brain storming
• Role play
• Demonstration
A projected ;-
• the film (cinema),
• filmstrip,
• slides and
• Transparencies
B non-projected
– sketches,
– cartoons,
– pictures, etc.,
– and also graph,
– chart, tables, etc
• Methods- refers to ways through which
messages are conveyed to help solve
problem related to health behaviors

• It ranges from what is heard to what is

seen and done
• How many people are involved?
• Is the method appropriate to the local
culture?
• What resources are available?
• What mixture of methods is needed?
• What methods fit the characteristics (age,
sex, religion, etc.) of the target group?
• Learning objectives
• How ready and able are people to change
• Lecture
– It is an oral presentation

– It is a simple and quick traditional way of presenting

the materials

– Lecturer or speaker can prepare the talk in a logical

fashion and can talk uninterruptedly

– Nowadays lectures are supported by suitable visual

aids.

– is more advantageous to a mature group than to an

immature group
•
• The speaker wanders from the subject;

• The speaker does not talk with proper

introduction; emphasis, etc.,

• The speaker talks in a high flown language

not understandable by the audience; and

• The speaker distorts facts for selfish

purposes.
• Is two persons with expertise carry out a
discussion or

• dialogue between themselves in front of the

audience for the purpose of educating them

• is easy to arrange and carry out

• Dialogue is also applicable to a more

matured group.
• This is a lecture in one form but the difference is
that different speakers are asked to give a lecture
on the same subject.

• The speakers prepare the talk in such a manner

that
– each one of them presents a particular aspect of the
subject

• Ultimately the audience gets the benefit of the

understanding of the subject with its different
aspects dealt separately by each speaker.

• Eg H.education lesson
• is of particular application to

– a mature group who has the listening attitude and

– the capacity to appreciate the different aspects of

the subject by listening
• In this educational method
– a small group of persons get around the table in the
presence of the audience and discuss among
themselves

– the discussion is on topic or subject which is relevant

to the audience and

– in which the panel members have specialized

knowledge.

• also there is no scope for the audience to

participate.
• In the formal stage setting of lecture,
symposium or panel

– if it is desired to give opportunity to the

audience to participate by raising questions,
doubts, etc.,

– the forum is arranged for at the end of the panel

discussion, symposium or lecture

– It is a good feedback mechanism.

• is the most commonly employed method

• It is a valuable educational method because

– the participants are given equal chance to express
freely and exchange ideas.

• It is a collective thinking process to solve

problems

• have been found extremely useful because

of
– the commonness of goal
• Buzz group or Buzz session

– A large group is divided into small groups, or not

more than 10 or 12 people in each small group and
they are given time to discuss a problem

– The different groups are either allotted different

specific problems or the same problem is allotted
for all

– The whole group is reconvened and the reports of

the large group will report their findings and
recommendations

– In the plenary session final documentation will be

made (This is very similar to a workshop).
• A large number of people belonging to a
particular discipline or allied disciplines
collect together to take up specific issues
and problems for making
recommendation for future action.

• The methodology of working is very

similar to buzz session
• but the workshop generally extends for the period of
few days (usually a week's time).

• experts, advisors, and speakers are

employed to guide the group
• In the buzz session there are no advisors
except the guide of the entire group.

• mostly applicable
– for people with previous experience on
subjects and

– is more relevant to departments and

institutions, etc., than in community groups

– help in evolving policies, programs and

methodologies.
• These are large groups convened amongst persons
with common or allied discipline and interests.

• are generally with reference to

– learning or academic institutions

• The members or participants of the seminar come

together to exchange views on current problems

• The purpose of a seminar

– is to study the subject matter, by a group of persons under

the leadership of experts in the field

• Seminars very frequently are associated with research

– is a modern method of eliciting from the
participants their ideas and solution on debatable
issues or current problems

– Instead of discussing a problem at great length

the participants in brain storming sessions are

• encouraged to make a list in a short period of time all the

ideas that come to their mind regarding some problems
without debating amongst themselves about the pros and
cons of their own ideas.

– Since the participants are allowed to think freely

in sending their ideas in writing brain storming is
also called ideation or image.
• A type of drama in a simplified manner which portrays
expected behavior of people.

• is a spontaneous and/or unrehearsed acting out of real-

life situations

• A script is not necessary

• It is a very direct way of learning;

– you are given a role or character and have to think and

speak immediately with out detailed planning.

•
• It generally lasts for a very short time.

• It should not be mistaken with drama or play

where the actors have specially practiced for
the audience

Examples of role-play

• Ask a person to get into a wheel chair a

move around a building to develop a
understanding of what it feels to be disabled
• By acting out real-life situation,

– People can better understand their problem

and the behavior associated with the problem

– To develop empathy/understanding.

– To develop sympathy to the points of view of

other people.

– it helps people to reconsider their values and

attitudes.
• To give people experiences in
– communication,
– planning and
– decision making.

– E.g. to practice a particular events such as

counseling, meeting or interview

 Explore ways of improving relationships

with other people and gaining people
support (cooperation) to do something.
• Demonstration is a pleasant way of sharing skills and
knowledge.

• Although basically focuses on practice it involves

theoretical teaching as well. “Showing how is better than
telling how

• The following concept is derived from the Chinese proverb

• If I hear, I forget symbols

• If I see, I remember visuals

• If I Do I know experience
• You remember 20% of what you hear

• You remember 50% of what you hear and see

• You remember 90% of what you hear, see and

do and with repetition close to 100% is
remembered.

Purpose of demonstration

• Help people learn new skills e.g. ORS

preparation, how to use condom, etc.
• It must be realistic.

• It should fit with the local culture.

• Use familiar materials.

• Have enough materials for every one to practice.

• Space-adequate space is needed for every one to see or

practice.

• Time-choose convenient and enough time for every one.

Do not rush.

• Checking-check that everyone can practice the skill.

• The demonstration by itself has four steps

– Explain the ideas and skills that you will be

demonstrating.

– Do the demonstration.

– Give an explanation as you go along.

– Do one step at a time

– Ask one person to repeat the demonstration.

– Give every one chance to practice

• It is important thing to remember is
that
– effective health education is seldom
achieved through the use of one
method alone,

• Therefore
– a combination of variety of methods
must used to accomplish the
education purposes.
•
• Whether in the classroom situation or
• in a conference
or
• in a community gathering
or
• individual approach,

– communication is facilitated and strengthened or

reinforced by the use of suitable audio-visual aids

Aids are facilitators of communication both for the

sender and for the receiver
• 1. PROJECTED AIDS

– Film or the Cinema

– Film strips
– Slides
– Transparencies
– Television
• These aids essentially consist of
– drawings,
– Picture
– Photograph
– Poster
– Cartoon;- It is a design or sketch on paper or
cloth
– Flash cards;- A set of pictures with suitable
captions or write-ups
– Charts & Graphs
– Printed materials: books, pamphlets, booklets,
brochures
• Here the actual specimen, objects,
models, etc. are put up for
demonstration.

• Models are prepared to imitate the

actual objects or specimens.
• The common ones in use are

– megaphone,
– microphone or public address system;
– gramophone records and discs;
– tape recorder and the radio.

• These serve very well to reproduce spoken

words or any kind of noises made and help
in repeating the same a number of times.

• They are very useful in teaching and also for

entertainment and mass communication.
• A combination of

– visual and auditory stimuli for

communication can be more effective than
either visual or auditory alone

– This is because of the involvement of two

sensory organs.
• Folk songs,
• folk dances,
• drama,
• puppet show,
• puppet stage,
• puppet plays
• These folk media are used to introduce
sociological themes.
THANK YOU
 Quiz two (10%)
1. Define lecture
2. Define buzz group
3. List Step in demonstration
4. Define seminar
5. List classification of teaching aids