Cloud

Computing
Delivery of services such as processing,
storage, database, networking etc. to users
and organizations based on their
requirements over internet. The servers are
located across world.
• Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources over the
Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Instead of buying, owning, and
maintaining physical data centers and servers, you can access technology
services, such as computing power, storage, and databases, on an as-
needed basis from a cloud provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS).
• Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the Internet.
• Ex: Dropbox, a file storage , google drive
Evolution

On-Premise
Colocation Cloud
Systems
• Distributed Systems:
It is a composition of multiple independent systems but all of them are
depicted as a single entity to the users. The purpose of distributed
systems is to share resources and also use them effectively and
efficiently.
• Mainframe computing:
Mainframes which first came into existence in 1951 are highly powerful
and reliable computing machines. These are responsible for handling
large data such as massive input-output operations.
• Cluster computing:
In 1980s, cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe
computing. Each machine in the cluster was connected to each other by
a network with high bandwidth.
• Grid computing:
In 1990s, the concept of grid computing was introduced. It means that
different systems were placed at entirely different geographical locations
and these all were connected via the internet.
• Virtualization:
It was introduced nearly 40 years back. It refers to the process of
creating a virtual layer over the hardware which allows the user to run
multiple instances simultaneously on the hardware.
• Web 2.0:
It is the interface through which the cloud computing services interact
with the clients. It is because of Web 2.0 that we have interactive and
dynamic web pages.
• Service orientation:
It acts as a reference model for cloud computing. It supports low-cost,
flexible, and evolvable applications. Two important concepts were
introduced in this computing model. These were Quality of Service (QoS)
which also includes the SLA (Service Level Agreement) and Software as a
Service (SaaS).
• Quality of service (QoS) is the description or measurement of the
overall performance of a service, such as a telephony or computer
network, or a cloud computing service, particularly the performance seen
by the users of the network.
• Utility computing:
It is a computing model that defines service provisioning techniques for
services such as compute services along with other major services such as
storage, infrastructure, etc which are provisioned on a pay-per-use basis.
• On-Premise Systems:
• On-premises software is installed and runs on computers on the premises
of the person or organization using the software, rather than at a remote
facility such as a server farm or cloud.
• Colocation:
• allowing businesses to rent space for IT infrastructure in a data centre.
Colocation is the way forward for businesses as it provides the physical
location, cooling, power and security, so that you can move to a future-
proof agile IT infrastructure and expand your global footprint. Colocation
services also include the possibility of multiple and hybrid cloud
infrastructure
• Cloud:
Cloud Service Providers

Amazon Microsoft Google

Benefits

Cost Saving Scalability Availability Security Data Storage

Space
• Agility
• The cloud gives you easy access to a broad range of technologies so that you
can innovate faster and build nearly anything.
• Reliability
• Cloud computing makes data backup, disaster recovery and business
continuity easier and less expensive because data can be mirrored at multiple
redundant sites on the cloud provider’s network.
• Security
• Many cloud providers offer a broad set of policies, technologies and controls
that strengthen your security posture overall, helping protect your data, apps
and infrastructure from potential threats.
• Performance
• The biggest cloud computing services run on a worldwide network of secure
datacenters, which are regularly upgraded to the latest generation
Cloud Architecture

Front-End Internet Backend

User Interface Cloud Infrastructure
User Applications Cloud database
Computing resources
• Cloud architecture is the way technology components combine to build a
cloud, in which resources are pooled through virtualization technology and
shared across a network.
• The components of a cloud architecture include:
• 1. Client Infrastructure
• Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI (Graphical User
Interface) to interact with the cloud.
• 2. Application
• The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to access.
• 3. Service:
• SaaS, PaaS, Iaas
Cloud Deployment Models

Private Public Hybrid Community

Multi-Cloud
Cloud Cloud Cloud Cloud
• Public cloud
• Public clouds are owned and operated by a third-party cloud service providers, which
deliver their computing resources like servers and storage over the Internet.
• With a public cloud, all hardware, software and other supporting infrastructure is owned
and managed by the cloud provider. You access these services and manage your account
using a web browser.
• Advantages:
• It is highly scalable. It offers flexibility to either scale up or scale down the usage of
• resources as per the demand or based on a user’s request.
• It is also cost-effective. Users of a public cloud have to pay for only what they use.
• Disadvantages:
• A public cloud might have security issues.
• It is not 100% customizable as per an organization's requirements.
• Private cloud
• A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources used exclusively by a single business or
organization. A private cloud can be physically located on the company’s on-site datacenter. Some
companies also pay third-party service providers to host their private cloud.
• A private cloud is one in which the services and infrastructure are maintained on a private network
• Advantages:
• It provides high security and also restricts access only to authorised users. Hence, this kind of
• infrastructure is generally preferred in financial institutions like banks, insurance firms, etc.
• It provides high control over the resources.
• Disadvantages:
• It is not cost-effective when compared with a public cloud.
• It has limited scalability and can be scaled only up to the internal hosted resources.
• Hybrid cloud
• Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds, bound together by technology that allows data and
applications to be shared between them. By allowing data and applications to move between private and public
clouds, a hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility, more deployment options and helps optimize your
existing infrastructure, security and compliance.
• Advantages:
• A private cloud is secure, and hence, a hybrid cloud is secure as well.
• Scalability: public cloud is scalable. Therefore, the hybrid cloud which is the combination of public and private
cloud is also scalable.
• Users can access both the private and the public cloud as per their requirements; thus, a hybrid cloud offers
flexibility.
• Public cloud is cost-effective, hence hybrid cloud is also cost-effective if the user wants to use the public cloud
properties.
• Disadvantages:
• Complex networking problems: Due to the complexity of having the public and the private cloud, there would
be an issue in configuring the network.
• Organization's security compliance: Both the public and the private cloud should comply with the
organization's security norms, and it is not easy to set up the clouds to meet this requirement.
• Community cloud:
• A community cloud is defined as a cloud infrastructure in which multiple organizations
share resources and services based on common operational and regulatory
requirements.
• Advantages:
• The cost of maintenance can be shared among the organizations in the community.
• It is more secure than a public cloud and less expensive than a private cloud.
• Disadvantages:
• It is difficult to distribute the responsibilities among the organizations in a community.
• It is difficult to segregate the data among the organizations in a community.
• Multicloud:
• The use of cloud services from two or more vendors - gives organizations more
flexibility to optimize performance, control costs, and leverage the best cloud
technologies available.
Public cloud Private cloud

Community cloud
Hybrid cloud
Difference between public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and
community cloud -
Types of Cloud Services

Infrastructure as a Platform as a service Software as a service

service
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
• IaaS contains the basic building blocks for cloud IT. It typically provides access to networking
features, computers (virtual or on dedicated hardware), and data storage space. IaaS gives you the
highest level of flexibility and management control over your IT resources. Ex: Amazon Web
Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute Engine (GCE), database, hardware
• Advantages
• The service provider provides the infrastructure, and the user has to just install an operating
system of their requirements and work on it.
• The user can modify the architecture as per their requirements since it is basic cloud
infrastructure.
• The user has full control over all the computing resources.
• Disadvantages
• There are security issues in an IaaS environment because of its multitenant environment.
• The outage of the vendors makes it difficult for users to access the data for a while.
• Platform as a Service (PaaS):
• PaaS removes the need for you to manage underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating
systems), and allows you to focus on the deployment and management of your applications.
• Need not worry about resource procurement, capacity planning, software maintenance etc. Ex:
Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud, OpenShift
• Advantages:
• Prebuilt platform: PaaS provides an already built platform for users to build and run their
applications. It is a simple model to use and deploy applications.
• Low cost: Since the platform is already built, the user needs to create only their applications. This
reduces the costs related to hardware and software.
• Disadvantages:
• Migration issues: Migrating the user applications from one PaaS vendor to another might raise some
issues.
• Platform restrictions: The platforms provided by some vendors may have certain restrictions, for
instance, the user can use only certain specified languages.
• Software as a Service (SaaS):
• SaaS provides you with a complete product that is run and managed by the service provider. Ex: Google
Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot, Cisco WebEx
• Advantages:
• Ease of access: Users can access the applications on the server from anywhere using any Internetconnected
• device. Most types of internet-connected devices can access SaaS applications.
• Low maintenance: Users need not update an application. The application is on the server, and it is the
service provider’s responsibility to maintain the application.
• Quick setup: Users do not require any hardware to install the application. The SaaS application is already
present on the cloud.
• Disadvantages:
• Lack of control: Users do not have control over the SaaS applications. Only the vendor has full
• control of SaaS applications.
• Connectivity issue: The applications can only be accessed only via the Internet. Hence, if there is no
Internet, then the users cannot access the applications
Disadvantages of the Cloud

1) Internet Connectivity
2) Vendor lock-in: Organizations may face problems when transferring their
services from one vendor to another.
3) Limited Control: cloud infrastructure is completely owned, managed, and
monitored by the service provider, so the cloud users have less control over
the function and execution of services within a cloud infrastructure.
4) Security: While sending the data on the cloud, there may be a chance that
your organization's information is hacked by Hackers.