CLOUD COMPUTING-II MODULE

Prepared by
Dr. Hima Suresh
Assistant Professor
Division of CS&ENG, CUSAT
 CONTENTS
• Introduction to cloud computing
• Cloud computing fundamentals
• Deployment models
• Public, Private, Hybrid clouds
• Cloud Services
• Cloud Application Development
• Tools And Applications
 CLOUD COMPUTING
• What is Cloud?
✔ The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet. In other words,
we can say that Cloud is something, which is present at remote
location.
✔ Cloud can provide services over network, i.e., on public networks
or on private networks, i.e., WAN, LAN or VPN. Applications such
as e-mail, web conferencing, customer relationship management
(CRM),all run in cloud.
• Cloud Computing:
✔ Cloud Computing is the on-demand availability of computer
system resources , especially data storage (cloud storage) and
computing power, without direct active management by the user.
✔ It offers online data storage, infrastructure and application.
Cloud computing…..
• It is also convenient for telecommuters and traveling remote
workers, who can simply log in and use their applications
wherever they are
 Types of Cloud

• There are the following 3 types of cloud that you can deploy
according to the organization's needs

• (1) Public cloud

• (2) Private cloud
• (3) Hybrid cloud
 Public Cloud

• Public cloud is open to all to store and access information via

the Internet using the pay-per-usage method.
• In public cloud, computing resources are managed and
operated by the Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
• Example: Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2), IBM
SmartCloud Enterprise, Microsoft, Google App Engine,
Windows Azure Services Platform.
Advantages of Public Cloud
• There are the following advantages of Public Cloud -
✔ Public cloud is owned at a lower cost than the private and
hybrid cloud.
✔ Public cloud is maintained by the cloud service provider, so do
not need to worry about the maintenance.
✔ Public cloud is easier to integrate. Hence it offers a better
flexibility approach to consumers.
✔ Public cloud is location independent because its services are
delivered through the internet.
✔ Public cloud is highly scalable as per the requirement of
computing resources.
✔ It is accessible by the general public, so there is no limit to the
number of users.
Disadvantages of Public Cloud
• Public Cloud is less secure because resources are
shared publicly.
• Performance depends upon the high-speed internet
network link to the cloud provider.
• The Client has no control of data.
Private Cloud
• Private cloud is also known as an internal
cloud or corporate cloud.
• It is used by organizations to build and manage their
own data centers internally or by the third party.
• It can be deployed using Opensource tools such as
Openstack and Eucalyptus.
• Based on the location and management, National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) divide
private cloud into the following two parts-
• On-premise private cloud
• Outsourced private cloud
Advantages of Private Cloud
✔ There are the following advantages of the Private Cloud -
✔ Private cloud provides a high level of security and privacy
to the users.
✔ Private cloud offers better performance with improved
speed and space capacity.
✔ It allows the IT team to quickly allocate and deliver on-
demand IT resources.
✔ The organization has full control over the cloud
because it is managed by the organization itself. So,
there is no need for the organization to depend on
others.
✔ It is suitable for organizations that require a separate
cloud for their personal use and data security is the
first priority.
Disadvantages of Private Cloud
✔ Skilled people are required to manage and
operate cloud services.
✔ Private cloud is accessible within the
organization, so the area of operations is limited.
✔ Private cloud is not suitable for organizations that
have a high user base, and organizations that do
not have the prebuilt infrastructure, sufficient
manpower to maintain and manage the cloud.
Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud is a combination of the public cloud and the
private cloud.
• Hybrid Cloud = Public Cloud + Private Cloud
• Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the services which are
running on the public cloud can be accessed by anyone, while
the services which are running on a private cloud can be
accessed only by the organization's users.
• Example: Google Application Suite (Gmail, Google Apps, and
Google Drive), Office 365 (MS Office on the Web and One
Drive), Amazon Web Services.
Advantages of Hybrid Cloud
✔ There are the following advantages of Hybrid Cloud -
✔ Hybrid cloud is suitable for organizations that require more security
than the public cloud.
✔ Hybrid cloud helps you to deliver new products and services more
quickly.
✔ Hybrid cloud provides an excellent way to reduce the risk.
✔ Hybrid cloud offers flexible resources because of the public cloud
and secure resources because of the private cloud.
Disadvantages of Hybrid Cloud
✔ In Hybrid Cloud, security feature is not as good as the private
cloud.
✔ Managing a hybrid cloud is complex because it is difficult to
manage more than one type of deployment model.
✔ In the hybrid cloud, the reliability of the services depends on
cloud service providers.
 TYPES OF CLOUD SERVICES
• According to the abstraction level of the capability provided
and the service model of providers, cloud computing services
are divided into three classes:
✔ Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS),
✔ Platform as a Service (PaaS),
✔ Software as a Service (SaaS)

Fig: Cloud computing architecture

• The figure illustrates the layered organization, from the
physical infrastructure to applications, of the cloud stack.
These abstraction levels can also be viewed as a layered
architecture where services of a higher layer can be
composed from services of the underlying layer.
• 1) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
✔ It is one of the layers of the cloud computing platform
✔ IaaS provides access to fundamental resources such as
physical machines, virtual machines, virtual storage, etc.
✔ It allows customers to outsource their IT infrastructures such
as servers, networking, processing, storage, virtual machines,
and other resources. Customers access these resources on the
Internet using a pay-as-per use model.
Infrastructure as a Service..

✔ In traditional hosting services, IT infrastructure was rented out

for a specific period of time, with pre-determined hardware
configuration. The client paid for the configuration and time,
regardless of the actual use.
✔ With the help of the IaaS cloud computing platform layer,
clients can dynamically scale the configuration to meet
changing requirements and are billed only for the services
actually used.
✔ IaaS cloud computing platform layer eliminates the need for
every organization to maintain the IT infrastructure.
✔ IaaS is offered in three models: public, private, and hybrid
cloud. The private cloud implies that the infrastructure resides
at the customer-premise.
Infrastructure as a Service..
• In the case of public cloud, it is located at the cloud
computing platform vendor's data center, and the hybrid
cloud is a combination of the two in which the customer
selects the best of both public cloud or private cloud.
• IaaS provider provides the following services -
✔ Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central
processing units and virtual main memory for the Vms that is
provisioned to the end- users.
✔ Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing
files.
✔ Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking
components such as routers, switches, and bridges for the
Vms.
✔ Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the
infrastructure layer.
Advantages of IaaS cloud computing layer
• There are the following advantages of IaaS computing layer -
1. Shared infrastructure
• IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical infrastructure.
2. Web access to the resources
• Iaas allows IT users to access resources over the internet.
3. Pay-as-per-use model
• IaaS providers provide services based on the pay-as-per-use basis. The
users are required to pay for what they have used.
• 4. Focus on the core business
• IaaS providers focus on the organization's core business rather
than on IT infrastructure.
• 5. On-demand scalability
• On-demand scalability is one of the biggest advantages of
IaaS. Using IaaS, users do not have to worry about the
upgrading of software and troubleshoot the issues related to
hardware components.

Disadvantages of IaaS cloud computing layer

• 1. Security
• Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS. Most of the IaaS
providers are not able to provide 100% security.
• 2. Maintenance & Upgrade
• Although IaaS service providers maintain the software, but
they do not upgrade the software for some organizations.

• 3. Interoperability issues
• It is difficult to migrate VM from one IaaS provider to the
other, so the customers might face problem related to vendor
lock-in.
• Top Iaas Providers who are providing IaaS cloud computing
platform
2) Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment. It
allows programmers to easily create, test, run, and deploy web
applications.
• You can purchase these applications from a cloud service provider
on a pay-as-per use basis and access them using the Internet
connection.
• In PaaS, back end scalability is managed by the cloud service
provider, so end- users do not need to worry about managing the
infrastructure.
• PaaS includes infrastructure (servers, storage, and networking) and
platform (middleware, development tools, database management
systems, business intelligence, and more) to support the web
application life cycle.
• Example: Google App Engine, Force.com, Joyent, Azure.
• PaaS providers provide the Programming languages, Application
frameworks, Databases, and Other tools:

• 1. Programming languages
✔ PaaS providers provide various programming languages for the developers
to develop the applications. Some popular programming languages
provided by PaaS providers are Java, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and Go.
• 2. Application frameworks
✔ PaaS providers provide application frameworks to easily understand the
application development. Some popular application frameworks provided
by PaaS providers are Node.js, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Spring, Play,
Rack, and Zend.
• 3. Databases
✔ PaaS providers provide various databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL, MongoDB,
and Redis to communicate with the applications.
• 4. Other tools
✔ PaaS providers provide various other tools that are required to develop, test, and
deploy the applications.
Advantages of PaaS
• There are the following advantages of PaaS -
• 1) Simplified Development
✔ PaaS allows developers to focus on development and innovation without worrying
about infrastructure management.
• 2) Lower risk
✔ No need for up-front investment in hardware and software. Developers only need a
PC and an internet connection to start building applications.
• 3) Prebuilt business functionality
✔ Some PaaS vendors also provide already defined business functionality so that users
can avoid building everything from very scratch and hence can directly start the
projects .
• 4) Instant community
✔ PaaS vendors frequently provide online communities where the developer can get
the ideas to share experiences and seek advice from others.
• 5) Scalability
✔ Applications deployed can scale from one to thousands of users without any
changes to the applications.
Disadvantages of PaaS cloud computing layer
• 1) Vendor lock-in
✔ One has to write the applications according to the platform provided by the PaaS
vendor, so the migration of an application to another PaaS vendor would be a
problem.
• 2) Data Privacy
✔ Corporate data, whether it can be critical or not, will be private, so if it is not
located within the walls of the company, there can be a risk in terms of privacy of
data.
• 3) Integration with the rest of the systems applications
✔ It may happen that some applications are local, and some are in the cloud. So there
will be chances of increased complexity when we want to use data which in the
cloud with the local data.
• Popular PaaS Providers
3. Software as a Service | SaaS
• SaaS is also known as "On-Demand Software".
• It is a software distribution model in which services are hosted by a
cloud service provider.
• These services are available to end-users over the internet so, the
end-users do not need to install any software on their devices to
access these services.
• There are the following services provided by SaaS providers
✔ Business Services - SaaS Provider provides various business services
to start-up the business. The SaaS business services
include ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer
Relationship Management), billing, and sales.
✔ Document Management - SaaS document management is a
software application offered by a third party (SaaS providers) to
create, manage, and track electronic documents.
• Example: Slack, Samepage, Box, and Zoho Forms.
✔ Social Networks - As we all know, social networking sites are
used by the general public, so social networking service
providers use SaaS for their convenience and handle the
general public's information.
✔ Mail Services - To handle the unpredictable number of users
and load on e-mail services, many e-mail providers offering
their services using SaaS.
Advantages of SaaS cloud computing layer
• 1) SaaS is easy to buy
✔ SaaS pricing is based on a monthly fee or annual fee
subscription, so it allows organizations to access business
functionality at a low cost, which is less than licensed
applications.
✔ Unlike traditional software, which is sold as a licensed based
with an up-front cost (and often an optional ongoing support
fee), SaaS providers are generally pricing the applications
using a subscription fee, most commonly a monthly or annual
fee.
• 2) One to Many
✔ SaaS services are offered as a one-to-many model means a
single instance of the application is shared by multiple users.
• 3) Less hardware required for SaaS
✔ The software is hosted remotely, so organizations do not need
to invest in additional hardware.
• 4) Low maintenance required for SaaS
✔ Software as a service removes the need for installation, set-
up, and daily maintenance for the organizations. The initial
set-up cost for SaaS is typically less than the enterprise
software. SaaS vendors are pricing their applications based on
some usage parameters, such as a number of users using the
application. So SaaS does easy to monitor and automatic
updates.
• 5) No special software or hardware versions required
✔ All users will have the same version of the software and
typically access it through the web browser. SaaS reduces IT
support costs by outsourcing hardware and software
maintenance and support to the IaaS provider.
• 6. Multidevice support
✔ SaaS services can be accessed from any device such as
desktops, laptops, tablets, phones, and thin clients.
• 7. API Integration
✔ SaaS services easily integrate with other software or services
through standard APIs.
• 8. No client-side installation
✔ SaaS services are accessed directly from the service provider
using the internet connection, so do not need to require any
software installation.
• Disadvantages of SaaS cloud computing layer
• 1) Security
✔ Actually, data is stored in the cloud, so security may be an issue
for some users. However, cloud computing is not more secure
than in-house deployment.
• 2) Latency issue
✔ Since data and applications are stored in the cloud at a variable
distance from the end-user, there is a possibility that there may
be greater latency when interacting with the application
compared to local deployment. Therefore, the SaaS model is
not suitable for applications whose demand response time is in
milliseconds.
• 3) Total Dependency on Internet
✔ Without an internet connection, most SaaS applications are not
usable
• 4) Switching between SaaS vendors is difficult
✔ Switching SaaS vendors involves the difficult and slow task of
transferring the very large data files over the internet and
then converting and importing them into another SaaS also.
• Popular SaaS Providers
 Cloud Application Development

• Cloud application development is the process through which

a Cloud-based app is built. It involves different stages of
software development, each of which prepares your app to go
live and hit the market.

• Cloud-based applications is also known as Cloud apps, In

theory, a Cloud app is one that uses Cloud-based services.

• Cloud services have opened up the possibility for many web-

based Cloud applications, also known as web apps.
• A web app is one where most of the computation occurs in
the Cloud, not on the device itself, and usually built with the
use of Cloud application development services.
• Web apps run on remote servers and are accessed
through web browsers, making them platform
independent and accessible from any device with an
internet connection.
• Example: Email services, online banking platforms, social
media sites, productivity tools like Google Docs etc.
Benefits of a Cloud App
• Cloud application development offers various
benefits for businesses that wish to use technology
to solve a problem. Some of the benefits are:
✔ Improved application performance : As more
computations are performed on the server side of
an app, users will experience a faster and more
reliable service.
✔ Increased uptime: (Uptime means the time during
which a computer is operational). Thanks to the
reliability of Cloud services, a Cloud-based
application will remain up easier than through your
own IT infrastructure.
✔ Scalability: Businesses can hire on-demand
the processing power they need, being this
very convenient for moments of high
computer processing demand.
✔ Update software easily: Through Cloud
technologies, it is possible to update an app
easily through a massive deployment.
✔ Security: Cloud services help reduce the risk
of physical IT infrastructure failure.
Cloud Application Examples
• Many of the apps we use on a day-to-day basis use the Cloud
in one way or another. Cloud application development has
resulted in amazing tools and services like:
✔ Miro: A virtual board where you can work with other users in
a number of fun and creative ways.
✔ Figma: A powerful Cloud-based design app that is gaining
many fans thanks to its collaborative nature.
✔ Dropbox or Google Drive: Easily store your files on the Cloud
and make them available for others, wherever they are.
TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
 Use of Cloud Computing Tools
• The essential uses of cloud computing tools benefit
enterprises in various ways leading to quantifiable
improvements in their business.
1. Help Enterprise Integrates
• These tools support the enterprises in any data
integration related issues and support integration
deployment. These tools also pave the way for adherence to
IT governance and control.
• Example of tools: Agility Platform by ServiceMesh, CloudHub
by MuleSoft (Open Source), Informatica cloud, AtomSphere by
Dell Boomi.
2. Help Enterprise Manage
• These tools help in wide genres of cloud services
management, for example, infrastructure management,
configuration management, automation of management
services, and help in following governing rules of
infrastructure and applications of cloud computing.
• Through a single integrated control point for governance, the
tools ensure adherence to compliance and security of cloud
services.
• Example of tools: RightScale Cloud management, Puppet
(Open source), Chef (Open source), Enstratius (acquired by
Dell and is currently support-only).
3. Help Enterprise Monitor
• These tools help in monitoring cloud computing
architecture, infrastructure, and services.
• The tools in this category will help administrators to
identify possible defects in the system in a reactive or
proactive mode to either prevent minor glitch to turn
into major problems.
• Example of tools: Amazon CloudWatch
(Proprietary), Microsoft Cloud monitoring
(Proprietary), Nagios (Open source).
4. Help Enterprise Tweak/Optimize
• These tools help the organization to outreach the
existing resource capability. These help them to
tweak by giving insights into inefficiencies in the
service and also suggest a methodology to get rid of
the inefficiencies.
• These tools use the Reservations, Rightsizing,
automation and other techniques to be able to
optimize/tweak.
• Example of tools: S3 Life-Cycle Tracker (Proprietary),
EC2 Reservation Detector (Proprietary), RDS
Reservation Detector (Proprietary).
5. Help Enterprise Track/Audit
• These tools help the enterprise to track and analyze
the usage of cloud computing services.
• As an example, there are tools which help in
analyzing the expense of the services being used and
help identify the opportunities to reduce the cost
/alerts/recommendation etc.
• Example of tools: Cloudability (Proprietary), Apache
CloudStack AMFC (Open source).
THANK YOU