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This document discusses an introduction to propositional logic and logical proofs presented by Minhajul Bashir. It defines what a proposition is, including that it can be either true or false but not both or neither. It also discusses what is not a proposition, such as questions or statements that are paradoxical. The document goes on to describe compound propositions formed using logical connectives like negation, conjunction, disjunction, conditional statements, biconditionals. It provides truth tables for different logical connectives and examples of applying truth tables to evaluate compound propositions.

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50 views12 pages

Class Lecture PDF

This document discusses an introduction to propositional logic and logical proofs presented by Minhajul Bashir. It defines what a proposition is, including that it can be either true or false but not both or neither. It also discusses what is not a proposition, such as questions or statements that are paradoxical. The document goes on to describe compound propositions formed using logical connectives like negation, conjunction, disjunction, conditional statements, biconditionals. It provides truth tables for different logical connectives and examples of applying truth tables to evaluate compound propositions.

Uploaded by

Gamer De Freefire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

LOGIC AND PROOF

CSE 2213 – Discrete Mathematics


Course teacher: Minhajul Bashir

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD
PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC
Logic from a proposition

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 2
PROPOSITION
A proposition is a declarative sentence
 It can be either true or false
 It cannot be neither
 It cannot be both

Let be “Washington DC is the capital of USA”,


and be “Toronto is the capital of Canada”
 is a true proposition
 is a false proposition

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 3
WHAT IS NOT A PROPOSITION?
What is your name?
 A question – hence not a declarative sentence

Tell me your name.


 An order – hence not a declarative sentence

 An equation – hence neither true nor false


 Potential proposition with gap(s) Predicate

, given that and


 An equation with values of each variable – a proposition
 If you fill up all the gaps of a predicate, you get a proposition

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 4
WHAT IS NOT A PROPOSITION?
I am lying.
 If this sentence is true, then since I am saying this, it must be false!!!
 Both true and false
 Not a proposition
 We call such a sentence a paradox

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 5
COMPOUND PROPOSITION
Two (or more) propositions combined or modified with logical connectives
 Not – Negation
 And – Conjunction
 Or – Disjunction
 If … then – Conditional statement
 If and only if – Biconditional statement

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 6
NEGATION
Taskin Ahmed is not a batsman.

T F
True if the actual proposition is false. F T

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 7
CONJUNCTION
Truth table of
Tamim Iqbal is a batsman, and
Mustafizur Rahman is a bowler
T T T
T F F
True if both propositions are true
F T F
F F F

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 8
DISJUNCTION
Tamim Iqbal is a batsman or
Mustafizur Rahman is a batsman
T T T
T F T
True if any proposition is true
F T T
F F F

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 9
A SPECIAL TYPE OF
DISJUNCTION –
EXCLUSIVE-OR
Quinton de Kock or Heinrich Klassen
will play in today’s match.
 Both will not play together. T T F
T F T
F T T
True if exactly one proposition is true
F F F

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 10
TRUTH TABLES OF
COMPOUND PROPOSITIONS
A truth table is used to observe the
behavior of a compound proposition at a
glance T T T ?
The different possible truth values of the T T F ?
simple propositions are compiled in the T F T ?
table, and for each combination, the T F F ?
truth value of the compound one is
F T T ?
found out
F T F ?
F F T ?
F F F ?

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 11
PROBLEM
Construct the truth table of the proposition .

02/17/2024 MINHAJUL@CSE.UIU.AC.BD 12

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