ME254

Measurements and Metrology

Lecture 8 Angular Measurements 2

B Santhi
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NIT-Goa
Last lecture discussed

Limit, Fit and Tolerances

• Various measuring instruments are used to measure the actual dimensions and
compared with the standard specified dimensions to decide the acceptability.

• But, using a measuring instruments to measure will consume time which is not good
in mass production

• In mass production, gauges are used to check the compliance of the limits of the part
with the permissive tolerance limits, instead of measuring the actual dimensions.

• The term ‘limit gauging’ signifies the use of gauges for checking the limits of the components

• Limit gauges ensures that the components well within the permissible limits,
but they do not determine the actual size or dimensions i.e it would not give actual dimension of the part to be measured

• So, Gauges are treated a scale less inspection tools, which are used to check the conformance of the parts
along with their forms and relative positions of the surfaces of the parts to the limits.
INTRODUCTION - Gauges
• The gauges required to check the dimensions of the components with reference to two sizes
conforming to maximum and minimum limits of the components (MMC)

• GO gauges and NO GO or NOT GO gauges, which correspond, to the MML and LML of the component,
as shown in right side figure.

Metal limits for hole gauging

Metal limits for shaft gauging

Standard gauge
• If a gauge is made as an exact copy of the mating part of the component to be checked
ex: bush for shaft

Limit gauges
• A limit gauge is not a measuring gauge. Just they are used as inspecting gauges

• It is used mostly by the quality control department of each and every industry and If the dimensions measured by
limit gauges are outside these limits, the components will be rejected

• For two permissible limits of the dimension of a part, two gauges are required for two limits - so we need two limit gauge

• These are GO and NO GO gauges - GO gauge for MML and NO GO for LML.
GO and NoGo will be marked in the gauges or it will be indicated with colour –Go(Green), NoGo(Red)

• Limit gauges are made to the limits of the dimensions of the part to be tested.

• ‘Go gauge’ should pass through or over a part whereas ‘Not Go gauge 'should not pass through or over the part.

• Materials which are used for making gauges are high carbon and alloy steels, cemented carbides, etc
Classification of Gauges - Based on the consistency in manufacturing and inspection
To promote consistency in manufacturing and inspection, gauges may be classified as
working, inspection, and reference or master gauges :

Working Gauges
• Working gauges are those used at the bench or machine in gauging the work as it being made

Inspection Gauges
• These gauges are used by the inspection personnel to inspect manufactured parts when finished.

Reference Gauges
• These are also called master gauges.
• These are used only for checking the size or condition of other gauges and
represent as exactly as possible the physical dimensions of the product.
Classification of Gauges - Depending on the elements to be checked
Hole Gauge
• It is used to check the dimensions of the hole present in the element.

Shaft Gauge
• It is used to check the dimensions of the shaft.

Taper Gauge
• It is used to check the dimensions of the tapers.

Thread Gauge
• It is used to check the threading of the element.

Form Gauge
• It is used to check the forms of the elements.
Plug Gauge
• The ends are hardened and accurately finished by grinding. One end is the GO end and the other
end is NOGO end.

• Usually, the GO end will be equal to the lower limit size of the hole and the
NOGO end will be equal to the upper limit size of the hole.

• If the size of the hole is within the limits, the GOend should go inside the hole and
NOGO end should not go. Single-ended GO and NOT GO plug gauges

• If the GO end and does not go, the hole is under size and also
if NOGO end goes, the hole is over size

• So, the components are rejected in both cases

Double-ended plug gauges

• Used to check diameters within certain limits by comparing part size to preset
dimension of snap gauge Double end

• These gauges are used for checking external dimensions.

• Shafts are mainly checked by snap gauges

• Both cylindrical and non cylindrical parts can be checked

Progressive

Adjustable
Plain Ring Gauges

• Used to check outside diameter of workpieces

Taper Gauge

• The most satisfactory method of testing a taper is to use taper gauges.

• They are also used to gauge the diameter of the taper at some point. Go and NO-Go ring gauge

• Taper gauges are made in both the plug and ring styles and, in general, follow the same
standard construction as plug and ring gauges

Thread Gauge

• Thread gauges are used to check the pitch diameter of the thread.

• For checking internal threads (nut, bushes, etc.), plug thread gauges are used, while for
checking external threads (screws, bolts, etc.), ring thread gauges are used.

• Single-piece thread gauges serve for measuring small diameters.

Check for other variety of Gauges which are listed in the classification

Show with a sketch Go and NoGo limit for Plug and Ring gauge in a Hole – Shaft system
Thank You