Subject: EVOLUTION OF AVSEC IN

THE PHILIPPINES
 Originally conceived and
developed by the Wright
brothers, Wilbur and Orville on
December 17, 1909.
 Transpired in Lima, Peru.

It was not motivated by any ill-

conceived intention because the
hijacker was plainly a disgruntled
family man.
Was committed against Israel’s El
Al Airliner in 1968 by the
Palestinian Liberation
Organization.

Followed by a series of other

successful aircraft hijackings that
caused untold losses of properties
and lives in the 70’s.
To assure the healthy development
of the international civil aviation
industry, the United Nation created
the INTERNATIONAL CIVIL
AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
on December 7, 1944
To insure the growth of the civil
aviation industry and the safety
in every flight, international
conventions were made.

These protocols are about civil

aviation safeguards against
hijacking and acts of unlawful
interference to civil aviation.
Chicago Convention
The Chicago Convention which was
participated in by 52 nations in November
1944 at Chicago, USA, paved the way for the
formation of the international Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO) purposely to ensure the
safe and orderly growth of international civil
aviation throughout the world.
The ICAO officially came into existence
on 4 April 1947 and thus became the
permanent body under the United Nations
charged with the administration of the
principles and objectives of the convention.
Tokyo Convention
It is also known as the Convention on
Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed
on Board an Aircraft, was signed in Tokyo,
Japan on 14 September 1963 and came into
force on 4 December 1969. This was ratified
by a total of 124 states, including the
Philippines.
The convention defined all acts which,
whether or not classifiable as offenses, may
jeopardize the safety of an aircraft, the
persons on board or property therein, and
such other acts which may jeopardize good
order and discipline on board the aircraft. It
also enumerated and explained the powers of
the aircraft commander in an international
flight, as well as the competence of signatory
states to exercise jurisdiction over offenses
committed on board an aircraft.
 It is also known as the Convention for the
Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, was signed
in the Hague, Netherlands on 16 December 1970 and
came into force on 14 December 1971. This was
ratified by a total of 129 states, including the
Philippines.
Signatory states agreed to make hijacking
punishable by severe penalties, and to include it in the
list of extraditable crimes. Hijackers may be tried in
the country where the aircraft landed or where the
aircraft is registered.
Montreal Convention
 It is also known as the
Convention for the Suppression of
Unlawful Acts against the Safety of
Civil Aviation, was signed in
Montreal, Canada on 23 September
1971 and came into force on 26
January 1973.
 Signatory states were obligated
to enact laws covering all acts of
unlawful interference with civil
aviation and to provide severe
penalties for any violation.
 BACKGROUND
The first hijacking in the country, was carried
out by two young Filipino-Chinese students
on December 30, 1952, while on board PAL
DC-3 flight from Laoag en route to Aparri.

 The hijackers commandered the aircraft to

mainland China but was intercepted by
Taiwanese airforce and was instead brought
to Taipei. Thinking that they were already in
mainland China, the hijackers decided to
surrender after having killed the pilot and
the flight steward.
 This was followed by eight (8) more
hijacking incidents staged in the
different parts of the country,
including one (1) at the Manila
International Airport (MIA), now the
Ninoy Aquino International Airport
(NAIA).

 Of the nine (9) hijacking cases, five

(5) were terminated through skillful
negotiations but in the other four (4),
the hijackers successfully attained
their objectives.
 The bloodiest hijacking occurred on
May 21, 1976 when a Philippine
Airlines (PAL) BAC 1-11 from Davao
City bound for Manila was diverted to
Zamboanga City.

 Ten (10) civilian passengers and

three (3) hijackers were killed during
the rescue operations after the
negotiation failed.
 The latest incident happened on May
28, 2000 involving Philippine Airlines
(PAL) Airbus from Davao City bound
for Manila, hijacked by Augusto
Lakandula (Trance Chua).

 Sneaked in through the security

gates with home-made cal. 22
magnum revolver and parachuted
using an improvised equipment.
ICAO, SARPs

2.1.2 “Each Contracting State shall

establish an organization and develop
and implement regulations, practices
and procedures to safeguard civil
aviation against acts of unlawful
interference taking into account the
safety, regularity and efficiency of
flights.”
Republic Act No. 6235 (Anti-Hijacking Law)

On June 19, 1971, In compliance with the

Hague Convention of 1970, the Philippine
Congress enacted Republic Act No. 6235,
otherwise known as “An Act Prohibiting
Certain Acts Inimical to Civil Aviation and
for Other Purposes”, making it unlawful
for any person to compel a change in the
course of an aircraft of Philippine registry
or seize or usurp the control thereof,
while it is in flight”.
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
DEC 7, 1944 (52 Nations)

ANNEX 1 to 19
ICAO Security Manual (Document 8973)
18 Annexes

Annex 1 Personnel Licensing

Annex 2 Rules of the Air
Annex 3 Meteorological Service for Int'l Air
Navigation, 15th edition 2004
Annex 4 Aeronautical charts
Annex 5 Units of Measurement to be Used in
Air Ground Operations
Annex 6 Operations of Aircraft

PNP ASG Basic AVSEC Course

Annex 7 Aircraft Nationality and Registration
Marks, 5th edition - July 2003
Annex 8 Airworthiness of Aircraft -9th edition
Annex 9 Facilitation
Annex 10 Aeronautical Telecommunications
Vol. I - Radio Navigation Aids
Annex 11 Air Traffic Services
Annex 12 Search and Rescue
Annex 13 Aircraft Accident and Incident
Investigation

PNP ASG Basic AVSEC Course

Annex 14 Aerodromes
Vol. I - Aerodrome Design and Operations
Annex 15 Aeronautical Information Services
Annex 16 Environmental Protection
Vol. I - Aircraft Noise

Annex 17 Security (pertains to Standards

and Recommended Practices

(SARPs) for ensuring security in
civil aviation).
Annex 18 The Safe Transport of Dangerous
Goods by Air
Annex 19 Safety
PNP ASG Basic AVSEC Course
 MONTREAL CONVENTION
SEPTEMBER 23, 1971 (All
member State)
(Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the
safety of Civil Aviation)

HAGUE CONVENTION
Tokyo NOVEMBER 16, 1970 (129 States)
(Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft)

Convention

TOKYO CONVENTION
SEPTEMBER 14, 1963 (Offenses and
Certain Other Acts on Board an Aircraft)
  AUG 06, 2007 - PNP ASG
RENAMED TO PNP
AVSEGROUP (DPL-07-09)

 SEPTEMBER 12, 1996

- PASCOM WAS RENAMED AS

PNP ASG (MC # 96-01)

 DECEMBER 31, 1990 - PASSAGE OF R.A 6975

(NACAH CHAIRMANSHIP – DILG)
 JULY 2, 1991 - PAFSECOM WAS ABSORBED BY

THE PNP (PASCOM)

 MARCH 1, 1986-
1986 AVSECOM WAS RENAMED AS PAFSECOM
(AFP GO # 37)

 JUNE 19, 1971- R.A. 6235 ANTI-HIJACKING LAW

 APRIL 28, 1976- LOI 399 - CREATION OF THE NACAH
(COMMITMENT TO MONTREAL CONVENTION)
 JUNE 1, 1976- – LOI 3/76: AFP AVSECOM WAS ORGANIZED
PNP Law of 1991 (RA 6975) Section 35.b.7

Secure all the country’s airports

against offensive and terrorist
acts that threaten civil aviation.

Exercise operational control and

supervision over all security
agencies involved in airport
security operations.

Enforce all laws and regulations

relative to air travel protection
and safety.

30
 AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

AVSEU1- LAOAG, ILOCOS NORTE

AVSEU2- TUGUEGARAO, CAGAYAN

AVSEU3- CLARKFIELD, PAMPANGA AVSEU5- LEGASPI CITY, ALBAY

AVSEU NCR- PASAY CITY AVSEU6- ILO-ILO CITY, ILO-ILO

AVSEU7- LAPU-LAPU CITY, CEBU

AVSEU4- PUERTO PRINSESA, PALAWAN AVSEU8- TACLOBAN CITY, LEYTE

AVSEU9- ZAMBOANGA CITY

AVSEU10- LAGUINDINGAN, MIS ORIENTAL

AVSEU11- DAVAO CITY

31
AVSEU12- GENERAL SANTOS CITY
 AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

AVSEU1- LAOAG, ILOCOS NORTE

LAOG HQ: 8
LAOAG: 18
•SOU: 0
•K9 HANDLER: 3
VIGAN: 2
SAN FERNANDO: 6
BAGUIO: 7
LINGAYEN: 0
ROSALES: 3
 AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

AVSEU2- TUGUEGARAO, CAGAYAN

TUGUEGARAO HQS: 12
TUGUEGARAO: 18
•SOU: 2
•K9 HANDLER: 2
BASCO BATANES: 2
CAUAYAN: 16
ITBAYAT: 0
PALANAN: 0
BAGABAG: 0
 AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

AVSEU3- CLARKFIELD, PAMPANGA

DMIA HQS: 19
CLARK AIRPORT
POLICE STATION: 25
•SOU: 7
•K9 HANDLER: 5
PLARIDEL: 2
SBIA: 4
IBA: 0
BALER: 0
 AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

AVSEU NCR- PASAY CITY

Terminal 1
Terminal 2
Terminal 3
Terminal 4
 AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

AVSEU4- PUERTO PRINSESA, PALAWAN

PUERTO PRINCESA HQS: 7

PUERTO PRINCESA: 14
•SOU: 0
•K9 HANDLER: 2
MARINDUQUE: 2
MAMBURAO: 3
SAN JOSE: 6
BUSUANGA: 11
•K9 HANDLER: 2
CUYO: 2
TUGDAN/TABLAS: 3
CALAPAN: 3
SANDOVAL: 0
EL NIDO: 2
LUBANG: 0
PINAMALAYAN: 0
WASIG: 0
AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

AVSEU5- LEGASPI CITY, ALBAY

LEGASPI CITY HQS: 16

LEGASPI:9
•SOU: 4
•K9 HANDLER: 3
DAET:1
NAGA : 8
•K9 HANDLER: 2
VIRAC: 5
MASBATE: 5
•K9 HANDLER: 1
BULAN: 0
SORSOGON: 0
ALABAT: 0
JOMALIG: 0
AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

AVSEU6- ILO-ILO CITY, ILO-ILO

ILOILO HQS: 10
ILOILO AIRPORT: 17
•SOU: 3
•K9 HANDLER: 3
CATICLAN/ GPRAS: 6
•SOU: 2
•K9 HANDLER: 3
KALIBO: 18
ROXAS: 7
BACOLOD-SILAY: 20
•K9 HANDLER: 2
ANTIQUE/EB JAVIER: 1
AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

AVSEU7- LAPU-LAPU CITY, CEBU

MACTAN CEBU
HQS: 15
MACTAN CEBU
AIRPORT: 26
•SOU: 4
•K9 HANDLER: 4
TAGBILARAN: 9
DUMAGUETE: 12
•K9 HANDLER: 2
UBAY: 0
SIQUIJOR: 0
BANTAYAN: 0
AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

AVSEU8- TACLOBAN CITY, LEYTE

TACLOBAN HQS: 10
TACLOBAN AIRPORT: 12
•SOU: 4
•K9 HANDLER: 2
CATARMAN: 3
CALBAYOG: 4
ORMOC: 2
BORONGAN: 2
CATBALUGAN: 0
GUIAN: 0
HILONGOS: 0
MAASIN: 0
BILIRAN: 0
 AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

ZAMBOANGA HQS: 22
ZAMBOANGA INT’L
AIRPORT: 22
•SOU: 5
•K9 HANDLER: 2
DIPOLOG: 13
PAGADIAN: 13
LILOY: 1
IPIL: 2
JOLO; 4
SANGA-SANGA: 7
SIOCON:1
MENZI: 2
MAPUN: 1
SIBUTO: 1
KABANGKALAN: 1

AVSEU9- ZAMBOANGA CITY

 AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

CDO HQS: 16
LAGUINDINGAN: 14
•SOU: 0
•K9 HANDLER: 2
BUTUAN: 11
•K9 HANDLER: 1
K9 HANDLER: 1
OZAMIS: 6
SURIGAO: 5
CAMUIGIN: 4
SIARGAO: 3
ILIGAN: 0

AVSEU10- LAGUINDINGAN, MIS ORIENTAL

 AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

DAVAO HQS: 18
DAVAO INTL AIRPORT: 41
•SOU: 8
•K9 HANDLER: 6
MATI: 0
BISLIG: 1
TANDAG: 1

AVSEU11- DAVAO CITY

 AVIATION SECURITY UNITS (AVSEU)

GENSAN HQS: 16
GENSASN INTL
AIRORT: 19
•SOU: 6
•K9 HANDLER: 3
COTABATO: 13
•K9 HANDLER: 2
MALABANG: 0
WAO: 0
ALLAH VALLEY: 0

AVSEU12- GENERAL SANTOS CITY

 Special Operations Unit (SOU)

K-9 Unit

Mobile Patrol & Security Unit (MPSU)

45
- International Terrorists
- Communist Terrorists
- Renegade Groups
- Organized Crime Groups
- Criminal Gang/ Groups
- Political Opportunists
- Bombing Incident
- Aircraft Hijacking
- Commandeering of Control Tower
- Mass Movement
- Shooting Incident
NCASP 2007
15.2 Responsibilities
15.2.1 AVSEGROUP, airport authority/management and
affected airline shall be jointly responsible in the observance of the various
measures, procedures and practices contained in this Program relative to the
management of incidents that may transpire within their respective airport
assignment.

MIAA ASP 2007 4th Edition

PART III CHAPTER 1
1.5 Inter Operability Procedures
1.5.1 In the event of an Aircraft hijacking, armed/bomb and/or any terroristic
attack , the Director-General, AVSEGROUP, assumes responsibility with full
operational control and supervision over all security forces within NAIA Complex
in addressing the situation in coordination with the General Manager, MIAA
supports the security initiatives
 Proactive / Deterrent
(Intelligence/ PCR)
“To know the enemy
and deter their plans”

TH
R EA
TS

TERRORISM

Reactive Protective / Defensive

(Crisis Management) (Target Hardening)
“To manage effectively “Making it difficult for
the incident and mitigate terrorist to succeed in
its effect” their targets”
 3 – LAYERED SECURITY SYSTEM TARGET
PROTECTIVE REACTIVE
PROACTIVE
MEASURES MEASURES
MEASURES
(TARGET (INCIDENT
(PRE-EMPTION)
HARDENING) MANAGEMENT)

PATROL CRISIS
THREATS INTELLIGENCE GUARD SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
CHECKPOINTS

UNLAWFUL
INVESTIGATION
INTERFERENCE COMMUNITY
ACCESS
CONTROL
TERRORISM ANTITERRORISM SCREENING
ARMED
INTERVENTION
AWARENESS PROCEDURES
PROGRAM PROFILING
REDUNDANCY
PANELLING, TFSI
ETC.. BOMB INCIDENT
QUALITY
RESPONSE
CONTROL AIRPORT
TRAINING TERMINALS
1. Bomb Joke/Threat (PD 1727)/Bomb scare
2. LOI 56/2010 “Bantay Turista
3. Campaign against Illegal Possession of Firearms
4. Campaign against street crimes (snatching/extortion/other related
incidents)
OPLAN K.I.B.I.T.S.
5. Campaign Against Anti-Colorum (RA 4136) /Traffic Violations
6. LOI “PATNUBAY”
7. IMPLAN to LOI 13-2011 (SANG-INGAT CHARLIE)
8. PNP LOI 55/2011 to IMPLAN 08-2012 “SANGLAHI-ALPHA”
9.RA 9165 “Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002” (LOI 16/2012
“Kontra Droga Charlie )
10.Implementation of Anti Money Laundering Act – R.A.9160 amended by
R.A.9194
11. Campaign against Child Abuse
12.Campaign Against Robbery (Theft/Swindling) and Campaign against
Carnapping
13. Campaign Against Illegal Gambling (IMPLAN 06-12 to LOI 05/2012)
14.PNP LOI 56/2011 to IMPLAN 05-2012 “TF DIPLOMATIC SECURITY-REVISED”
15. 15. PNP LOI 55/2011 to IMPLAN 08-2012 “SANGLAHI-ALPHA”
A. SECCO I - LEVEL 1 (LOW)
ORDINARY INCIDENT

B. SECCO II - LEVEL 2 (MEDIUM)

DEVELOPING SITUATION

C. SECCO III - LEVEL 3 (HIGH)

CRITICAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

52
A. ORDINARY INCIDENT – SECCO I
•UNATTENDED BAGGAGE
•ABANDONED VEHICLE
•PD 1727 (BOMB THREATS)
•VIOLATION TO RPC / OTHER SPECIAL LAWS

B. DEVELOPING SITUATION – SECCO II

•BOMB THREAT RESPONSE
•DISPOSAL / CLEARING OPERATIONS
•ROBBERY HOLD UP AT THE AIRPORT COMPLEX
•MASS ACTION

C.CRITICAL SITUATION – SECCO III

•HIJACKING
•HOSTAGE TAKING AT THE TERMINAL / FACILITY
•BOMB EXPLOSION AT THE TERMINAL / FACILITY
•FIRE AT THE AIRPORT TERMINAL / FACILITY
•IN CASE OF ARMED ENEMY ATTACK
•NATURAL CALAMITIES
•CBRNE (WMD)
53
54
55
 AVSEGROUP Critical Incident Management Task Group
(CIMTG) Organizational Structure

ACMG INCIDENT
COMMANDER

PRESS DEPUTY INCIDENT

OFFICER/PIO COMMANDER

INFORMATION
OFFICER

TACTICAL NEGOTIATION INTEL & INVEST LOGISTICS ADMIN &

SUPPORT

ON-SCENE COMMANDER
First Responder

Abbreviation:
CMC-Crisis Mgmt Committee
ACMG- Airport Crisis Mgmt Group
CIMTG- Critical Incident Mgmt Task Group ASOP 2.4.1.4
Strategic

Operational

Tactical

57
 MECHANICS/FLOW FOR ELEVATING DECISIONS TO THE CMC

PRESIDENT
(CMC)

S, DOTC
(NCASC)

Dir,
AVSEGROUP

C, AVSEU
(COMDR, CIMTG)

Abbreviation:
CMC-Crisis Mgmt Committee
CIMTG- Critical Incident Mgmt Task Group
ASOP 2.4.1.5
MANAGEMENT OF AIRCRAFT HIJACKING INCIDENT

1. Initial Police Response

2. Activate
CIMC/CIMTG/OSCC

2a. Activate NCASCMC 2b. Activate CMC

(Chartered Airports)* (CAAP Managed Airports)**

3. Initiate Negotiation

59
MANAGEMENT OF AIRCRAFT HIJACKING INCIDENT

Was the incident

resolved
peacefully? Yes

No

4. Armed Action/Force
Option
(Upon clearance)

5. Post action and Assessment

60
Clark Airport Police Station