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Cables & Arches Presentation

This document discusses cables and arches. Cables carry loads in tension and can span long distances. They are flexible and have sag. Arches carry loads in compression and are used in bridges and dome roofs. They can resist shear and bending unlike cables. The document provides examples of analyzing cables under concentrated and uniform loads. It also discusses analyzing three-hinged arches and shows that under a uniform load, the arch experiences only axial compression with no bending or shear.

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31 views29 pages

Cables & Arches Presentation

This document discusses cables and arches. Cables carry loads in tension and can span long distances. They are flexible and have sag. Arches carry loads in compression and are used in bridges and dome roofs. They can resist shear and bending unlike cables. The document provides examples of analyzing cables under concentrated and uniform loads. It also discusses analyzing three-hinged arches and shows that under a uniform load, the arch experiences only axial compression with no bending or shear.

Uploaded by

Desire
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GROUP 6

TINOTENDA MURAMBWI N02220678D


WILLIAM ZHOU N02221199Y
RYAN T MUCHADONHA N02221202T
SHAWN B PHIRI N02221192X
JOSEPH T MUSIPA N02218859P
TINASHE MAPINYI N02019187W
CABLES & ARCHES
Cables
 capable of spanning long distances
 Flexible
 Carry loads in tension but force not axial
- cable has sag
 Used in supporting bridges and roofs (cable weight neglected in analysis)
 Also used to transmit loads in antennae and electricity power lines (cable weight must be
considered in analysis)
ARCHES

they carries load in compression


 they are used in bridges, dome roofs and openings in masonry
walls
Cables subjected to concentrated loading
Assumptions made in analysis of cables;
Cable is perfectly flexible
i.e. No resistance to shear/ bending & force acts at tangent to cable

Cable is inextensible
i.e. Constant length before & after loading
After loading, geometry of cable fixed & treated as a rigid body
e.g. Determine the tension in each
Segment of the cable.
Find dimension h.

Solution.
Point C

Point B
CABLES SUBJECTED TO UDL
Cables subjected to UDL
e.g. Suspension bridges

First determine shape of cable


Origin at point of zero slope
Consider a small element of
the cable and draw FBD

Divide through by and take limits as and so


Integrating ; at x=0 where yields

i.e. Horizontal component of force at any point is constant (not a function of x)

And integrating ; at x=0 where yields


Dividing by and using gives

Slope at any point

Integrating above expression again and using gives


equation of parabola

Obtain by using BC i.e.

Such that equation of parabola becomes


Finding maximum tension:
Maximum tension when angle is a maximum at

So using and yields

or

NB Load must be UDL


- forms catenary when there is no other loading
- Parabola formed for UDL over horizontal projected length of cable
- For simply supported girder that is also supported by cable, statically
indeterminate to first degree
- Introducing internal hinge makes it statically determinate
e.g. The cable below supports a girder which weighs 12kN/m. Determine the
tension in the cable at A, B, and C.

Solution.
Establish coordinate axis at lowest point where slope is zero as shown.
• Let C be at a distance x’ from B such that
Also for point A

And, therefore

Differentiating our expression for y yields


Considering point A first

So

Point B; x=0
Point C
ARCHES
 carry load in compression
 used in bridges, dome roofs and openings in masonry walls
 Used to reduce bending moment in long-span structures
 Act like inverted cables but unlike cables can resist shear and bending

funicular arch – one that is parabolic in shape and is subjected to a vertical


UDL. The only stresses are compressive- no bending or shear
fixed arch – often made of reinforced concrete. Requires less material than
other types of arches but needs solid foundation abutments. Statically
indeterminate to the third degree

two-hinged arch – commonly made of metal or timber. Statically indeterminate


to the first degree but can be made determinate by replacing one of the
hinges with a roller. This however would make it impossible to resist
bending
three-hinged arch – commonly made of metal or timber. Statically determinate

Three-hinged Arch
 for analysis, dismantle the arch and draw FBDs of both members

 There are 6 unknowns and 6 equilibrium equations


 Apply sum of moments at A and B
 Apply force equations at C to get reactions
 Apply method of sections to get internal forces at any point
 NB section must be perpendicular to axis of arch at point of interest (shown above)
Example
The three-hinged arch bridge below has a parabolic shape and carries a UDL.
Show that the arch is subjected only to axial compression (e.g. at point D).

Solution
• For a different shape of arch or for non-uniform loading, shear and moment
are non-zero
• If a simply supported beam had to carry the same UDL it would have to
resist a moment of (wl2/8) 1600kNm
• Therefore it is structurally more efficient to resist load in direct
compression→ just need to check buckling

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