TEMPERATE & TAIGA

OBJECTIVES
 Explain what biomes are;
 Describe Temperate Biomes;
 Describe Taiga Biomes;
 Explain climatic conditions of both Temperate and Taiga
biomes;
 Identify the specific geographical locations where
Temperate and Taiga biomes are typically found;
 Enumerate the distinct Flora and Fauna that are unique to
each biome.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 02
Biome Temperate Biome

03 04
Taiga Biome Summary
 01
BIOME
BIOME
•The biome is the highest level of
organization in ecology.
•Biomes include populations,
communities, and ecosystems.
•A biome is an area with similar
geography and climate that includes
similar communities of plants and
animals.
BIOMES
 02
TEMPERATE BIOMES
 What is Temperate Biomes?
Temperate biomes are between the
tropics and the polar regions. The
changes in these regions between
summer and winter are generally
moderate, rather than having
extreme differences. This allows
for numerous types of habitats,
including forests and grasslands.
 Temperate Biomes
Temperate biomes cover most of the continental United States and
Europe. They also cover large parts of Asia. Types of temperate
biomes include forests, grasslands, and chaparral.
 TYPES OF TEMPERATE FOREST

Temperate Temperate
Desiduous Forest RainForest
 TYPES OF TEMPERATE FOREST

Temperate Desiduous Forest

Temperate deciduous forests are found in areas with continental
temperate climates, such as the eastern United States and Canada
and throughout much of Europe. These forests consist mainly of
deciduous trees, such as maples and oaks, which lose their leaves in
the fall. There are many other species of plants as well. Animals
include insects, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. Mammals are also
common, including rabbits and wolves.
 TYPES OF TEMPERATE FOREST

Temperate Rainforest
Temperate rainforests are found in areas with coastal temperate
climates, such as the northwestern coast of North America and
certain coastal regions of other continents. These forests consist
mainly of evergreen trees, such as hemlocks and firs. Mosses,
lichens, and ferns grow on the forest floor. There are also many
epiphytic plants. Animals include insects, amphibians, reptiles, and
birds. There are also many mammals, such as squirrels and deer
 TYPES OF TEMPERATE FOREST
Temperate Grassland
• Temperate grasslands are biomes characterized by mainly grass vegetation and are
found in the midwestern region of North America and other inland areas worldwide.
• The climate is continental with low precipitation, mostly received during the growing
season. These grasslands are known by different local names such as prairie, outback,
pampa, and steppe in various regions.
• The soil in temperate grasslands is incredibly rich and deep, supporting high
productivity due to the thick grass cover that adds organic matter and nutrients.
• The roots of grasses prevent soil erosion, and frequent fires help to maintain the
grassland ecosystem by preventing the growth of woody plants.
• The US Midwest grassland, known as the Breadbasket of America, supports a diverse
range of herbivores, invertebrates, and carnivores due to its fertile soil and abundant
grass cover.
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Precipitation Temperature Humidity

 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Precipitation

Temperate biomes receive moderate rainfall throughout the year,

typically between 75-150 cm annually. Rainfall is evenly
distributed throughout the year in deciduous forests, while in
grasslands, it may be seasonal.
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Temperature

Temperate biomes experience a wide range of temperatures

throughout the year, from -30°C in winter to 30°C in summer.
The average annual temperature is typically around 10°C.
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Humidity

Humidity in temperate biomes can vary greatly depending on the

season and specific biome. Deciduous forests tend to have higher
humidity due to transpiration from trees, while grasslands may
have lower humidity.
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Moist Wind
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Moist

The soil in temperate biomes is generally moist due to regular

rainfall. However, the level of moisture can vary with the season
and type of biome. For example, grasslands may experience
periods of drought.
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Wind

Wind patterns in temperate biomes can vary greatly depending on

geographic location and season. For example, grasslands, with
their flat landscapes, can experience strong winds.
 LOCATION
Temperate biomes, which include
temperate forests, grasslands, and
deserts, are typically located
between the tropics and the polar
regions, in both the Northern and
Southern Hemispheres. This
includes parts of North America,
Europe, and Asia in the Northern
Hemisphere, and parts of South
America, southern Africa, and
Australia in the Southern
Hemisphere.
 FLORA & FAUNA
Deciduous Rainforest Grasslands

FLORA Oak, maple, and elm. Rich in mosses, ferns, Dominated by grasses
and lichens. Tree and have few trees
species include the includes grasses
Douglas fir, Sitka like buffalo grass,
spruce, and western ryegrass, foxtail, and
red cedar wild oats.

FAUNA Deer, bears, wolves, Black bears, cougars, Bison, antelope,

small mammals, and a bobcats, owls, and birds, gophers, prairie
wide variety of bird various species of dogs, coyotes, and
species. salmon. insects.
 03
TAIGA BIOMES
 Taiga Biomes
This biome has many coniferous forests. It also has a lot of freshwater ecosystems
including rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, bogs, fens and marshes.
The soil in this biome has low fertility. This means that it is not very good for plants.
Most of the nutrients are only in a thin layer on the surface of the ground. This soil is
also acidic. This is mainly due to the breakdown of needles that fall from coniferous
trees.
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Precipitation Temperature Humidity

 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Precipitation

The Taiga experiences relatively low precipitation throughout the

year, normally 200–750 mm (7.9–29.5 in) annually and, in some
areas, 1,000 mm (39 in). Most of the precipitation in the Taiga
falls as rain in the summer but as fog and snow in the winter. The
fog is especially predominant in low-lying areas during and after
the thawing of frozen Arctic seas.
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Temperature
The Taiga biome starts where the Tundra biome ends. The biome
is, therefore, characterized by a lot of cold throughout most of the
year. There are two major seasons, that is, winter and summer.
Typically, the summers are short due to cold, spanning about 50
to 100 days per annum, with over half the year experiencing
winter. Winter has temperatures as low as -54°C and as high as -
1°C. As a result, during winter, there is a lot of snow falling, and
the land is frozen with ice.
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Humidity

Temperate biomes receive moderate rainfall throughout the year,

typically between 75-150 cm annually. Rainfall is evenly
distributed throughout the year in deciduous forests, while in
grasslands, it may be seasonal.
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Moisture Wind
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Moist
Taiga, also known as boreal forest, is the world's largest terrestrial
biome. It is characterized by coniferous forests. While it is not as
moist as a rainforest, it does receive a fair amount of precipitation
annually, ranging from 200 to 750 mm. This precipitation is a
mix of rain, snow, and fog. The soil in taiga biomes tends to be
thin and nutrient-poor due to the cold temperatures slowing down
the process of decomposition.
 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Wind
Taiga biomes, also known as boreal forests, are typically
characterized by cold, dry winds. These winds can be quite harsh
due to the biome's high latitude and the lack of natural barriers,
such as mountains, to block the wind. The wind can also
contribute to the low temperatures experienced in the taiga,
particularly in the winter months.
LOCATION
The Taiga biome stretches in the
Northern Hemisphere, taking
huge chunks of North America
and Eurasia, especially Canada
and Russia, respectively. It also
stretches in Northern Europe in
countries such as Finland,
Norway, and Sweden and spans
across Alaska and Scandinavia.
 FLORA & FAUNA
• The biome is home to various species of plants. These
plants are adapted to an extremely cold climate and
mainly consist of coniferous trees, evergreens, and
spruces.
• There is a limit to the number of animals that can survive
in this biome due to the cold temperatures and climatic
variations. Still, there are many animal species spanning
from mammals, birds, and various insect species.
 FLORA
Coniferous Trees Rare Plants (not Bushes Others
common)
Pines Oak Wild Strawberry Ferns
Spruce Willow Blueberry Ramps
Cedar Alder Bilberry Morels
Hemlock Maple Cowberry Grasses
Larches Elm Cranberry Lichens
Fir Aspen Lingonberry Mosses
Birch Rowan Cloudberry
Partridgeberry
 FAUNA
Mammals
Bears(Brown bear, American black bear, Asiatic Chipmunks
black bear, Polar bear, Grizzly bear) Bobcats
Siberian Tigers Snowshoe Hares
Arctic fox Wolverines
Wolf (Arctic wolf, Grey wolf) Lynxes(Canada lynx, Eurasian lynx)
Deer River Otter(North American river otter,
Moose European otter)
Elk Weasel(Siberian weasel, Least weasel)
Caribou Coyote
Ermine Badger
Moles Stoat
Squirrels Sable
 FAUNA
Birds Insects
Sparrows Raven Mosquitoes
Finches Falcons, Peregrine Ants
Woodpeckers Falcons
Crows Snow geese
Eagles Siberian thrush
Rough-legged buzzard or Warbler
hawk Grouse
Owls, Snowy owls Crossbills
 04
SUMMARY
 SUMMARY
Biomes
A biome is an area with similar geography and climate that contains
ecologically similar communities of plants and animals.

Temperate Biomes
The Temperate forest biomes are characterized by a moderate climate and
broad-leaved deciduous trees, which shed their leaves in fall, are bare over
winter and grow new foliage in spring.
Taiga Biomes
The Taiga is a wet subarctic forests that begins where the Tundra ends.
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