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Chapter 2 - e - BJT - Common Emitter Amplifier

The document discusses the common emitter amplifier configuration. It covers the small signal model analysis, voltage gain derivation, input and output impedances. It then provides examples of determining voltage gain, input impedance and biasing conditions for various common emitter amplifier circuits.

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23 views20 pages

Chapter 2 - e - BJT - Common Emitter Amplifier

The document discusses the common emitter amplifier configuration. It covers the small signal model analysis, voltage gain derivation, input and output impedances. It then provides examples of determining voltage gain, input impedance and biasing conditions for various common emitter amplifier circuits.

Uploaded by

ThiệnTâmNguyễn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Common Emitter Amplifier

Louis WY Liu
Basic CE Stage
• For this amplifier to
work, junction BE
must be forward
biased. Junction CB
must be reverse
biased.
• In other word, VCE >=
VBE
Small Signal Model Analysis
We are interested three things:
Voltage gain, input impedance and
•output impedance.
The voltage gain can be easily
determined using the following
analysis:

Vout = -gm vin RL

Av = Vout/ vin = - gm RL = -IC RL/ VT

<= This gain depends on the


characteristics of the BJT

The input impedance, Zin = rπ = β/ IC


Justification of using CE stage.
• Applications of Common Emitter Amplifier
• The common emitter amplifiers are used in the low-frequency voltage amplifiers.
• These amplifiers are used typically in the RF circuits.
• In general, the amplifiers are used in the Low noise amplifiers
• Advantages of Common Emitter Amplifier
• The common emitter amplifier has a low input impedance and it is an inverting amplifier
• The output impedance of this amplifier is high
• This amplifier has highest power gain when combined with medium voltage and current gain
• The current gain of the common emitter amplifier is high
• Disadvantages of Common Emitter Amplifier
• In the high frequencies, the common emitter amplifier does not respond well.
• The voltage gain of this amplifier is unstable because it depends on R L.
• The output resistance is very high in these amplifiers
• In these amplifiers, there is a high thermal instability
• High output resistance
Example 1
• Determine the voltage gain of the following amplifier:
• gm = 1mA/26 mV= 1/26
• RL = 1 kohm
• Av = -1000/26 = -38

• Can we raise RL to raise the gain?


• Ans: No, raising RL will decrease VCE. The transistor will trend towards
saturation.
• How about decreasing IC?
• Ans: Also no. Increasing IC will decrease the VCE.
• VCC = VCE + IC RL
Inclusion of Early Effect
• The voltage gain will become:
• AV = - gm ( ro // RL) where ro= VA/IC
Common Emitter Configuration in Practice
DC Analysis
• Replace all the capacitors with open circuits so that we end up with
an equivalent circuit as shown on the right.
AC-Analysis of CE Circuit
Example 2 (Taken from Youtube)
Example 2 (Answer)
First, we need to determine the DC biasing
conditions.
VBB = IB + VBE = IC/ β + VBE
3 = IC/100 + 0.7
IC= 2.3mA
Example 2 (Answer, Cont)
Next, resolve the voltage gain using the small signal
model:

gm = IC/VT = 2.3m/26m = 0.088462


vo = gm vπ* 3k = 23/260*3000 vπ = 265.38 vπ
rπ = β/gm = 100/ 23*260 = 1130.4
vo = 265.38 vi * r π/(r π+100k)
Av = vo/vi = 265.38 r π/(r π+100k) = 2.967
Example 3 (Taken from Youtube)
Determine the voltage gain and input impedance of the
following amplifier (β =150):
Example 3 (cont)
• First, we need a DC analysis.
Example 3 (cont)
• Now, we can do AC analysis:
• Step 1: Short all the capacitors
• Step 2: Short all the independent voltage source.
• Step 3. Open-circuit all the independent current
source.
• Step 4: Redraw the circuit
• Step 5: Replace the BJT with an appropriate ac model
(in this case, we use the pi-equivalent model as shown
as follows).
Example 3 (con’t)

gm = IC / VT = 1.25m/26m = 125/2600
rπ = β/gm = 150/ 125*2600 = 3120
rx = rπ // 130k // 30k = 2766
vo = gm v π ( 8k// 12k)
= gm vi rx /(rx + 600) (8k// 12k)
Av = vo/vi = /gm rx /(rx + 600) (8k// 12k) = 190
Zin = 600+rx = 600+2766 = 3366
Homework Q1
Find the operating point if VCC=VEE=10V, RC=8
kΩ, RB=100 kΩ, I=1mA & β=100. (Ans: Q or
operating point is, IC=0.99 mA ; VCE=0.3 v (as
VB= -1v, VC = 2v, VE = -1.7v)
Homework Q2
Find Rin ,Rout ,Av & Gv; if Rsig=RL=5kΩ, RB=100k, RC=8k; IC=1mA,
IB=0.01mA, VA=100V, VT=25mV
Solution: Ri=2.43 kΩ; Rout=7.4 kΩ, Av=-119 V/V, Gv=-39 V/V (as
rπ=2.5K, gm=40 mA/V, r0=100k)
Homework Q3
Homework Q4

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