Urban Planning Project Studio

URBAN LAND USE

THEMATIC AREA

APRIL, 2024
WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY
 Presentation Outline

I. Data Collection
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use
III. Major Land Use Categories
IV. Urban Land Use Proportions
V. Other Analysis Types
 I. Data Collection

1. Land Use Inventory

 Using an appropriately scaled base maps conduct land use
inventory in accordance with major land use categories.
 The Nine major urban land use categories:

1. Residence
2. Commerce, business and trade
3. Administration
4. Service
5. Manufacturing and storage
6. Transport
7. Recreational and Environmental
8. Urban Agriculture
9. Special Function
 I. Land Use Inventory …
A. Data Collection on Residential Areas
 Identify pure residential areas;
 Identify mixed residential areas (residence and other small
business and trade activities).
 Conduct site observation of general characteristics, location,
distribution, structure, and condition of existing residential
areas and map this on an appropriate scale map.
 Take notes on the main problems observed in residential areas
 Identify, locate and delineate ongoing housing project areas,
expansion areas, infill areas, low density areas, high density
areas and highly deteriorated areas
 Identify existing housing typologies and make notes about their
characteristics.
 I. Land Use Inventory …

B. Data Collection on Commerce, Business and Trade Activities

 Commerce
 General/Open Market or weekly market
 Cattle Market
 Covered market and backstreet markets/Gulits
 Conduct observation in relation to accessibility, compatibility, centrality,
sufficiency, etc. and take graphic and written notes.

 Business & Trade

 Hotels, Restaurants, Motels, Grocery, Cafeteria, Kiosk, Supermarket,
Barberry, fuel station, etc.
 Mall /Plaza, Star or tourist standard Hotels, Business centers, Hyper
Market, etc.
 Import-Export, Wholesale, Consultancy and company offices, etc.
 I. Land Use Inventory …

B. Data Collection on Commerce, Business and

Trade Activities
 Financial Institutions
 Bank, Insurance, Credit Associations, Micro
Finance, etc
 Conduct site observation on the general
features and characteristics of Commerce,
Business and Trade activities, and take the
necessary graphic and written notes
 I. Land Use Inventory …
C. Data Collection on Land under Administration Use
 Collect information on the location, distribution, size,
accessibility and compatibility, of:
 Government institutions (sector offices and local area
administration , police, correctional institutions, etc)
 Non-Governmental institutions/organizations (local,
regional, international, CBOs, Trade unions, etc)
 Conduct observation on the location, distribution,
adequacy of space, accessibility, etc. of the above
land use functions and take graphic and written notes.
 I. Land Use Inventory …
D. Data Collection on Social and Utility Services
 Education
 Preschool (Kindergarten, Religious and Traditional)
 Schools & Institutions (Primary School, High School, Research &
Training Centers, Special need, TVET, University or College)
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space,
accessibility, Location, Physical condition etc. of educational
facilities and take graphic and written notes
 Health
 Health post, Health Center, Hospital, Specialized/Referral
Hospital, Veterinary
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space,
accessibility, Location, Physical condition etc. of Health facilities
and take graphic and written notes
 I. Land Use Inventory …
D. Data Collection on Social and Utility Services
 Municipal Services
 Slaughterhouse, Municipal Cemetery, Fire and emergency Service,
Solid waste disposal site and transfer stations, Liquid waste disposal
site, treatment plant.
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,
Location, Physical condition, etc. of Municipal Services and take
graphic and written notes
 Civic, Cultural & Welfare
 Library, Museum , Historical site & Building, multipurpose hall, etc;
 Religious, traditional & Public Festivity areas
 Youth center, Orphanage, People with disability centers etc.
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,
Location, Physical condition etc. and take graphic and written notes.
 I. Land Use Inventory …
D. Data Collection on Social and Utility Services
 Religious Institutions & Cemeteries
 Orthodox Church, Catholic and protestant Churches, Mosque, Others.
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,
Location, etc. of Religious institutions & Cemeteries and take graphic
and written notes
 Utility Services & Infrastructure
 Telecom service; Postal Office
 Electric power Office, sub-station, high and medium tension lines,
etc.
 Water supply Office, reservoirs, treatment plant, etc.
 Meteorology station/office
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space, accessibility,
Location, Physical condition etc. and take graphic and written notes.
 I. Land Use Inventory …
E. Data Collection on Manufacturing and Storage
 Heavy Industry
 Canning, steel, cement, leather, heavy Building
material production (Hydrophone, ceramics, bricks,
large prefabs etc.)
 Light Industry
 Light Building material production (HCB, pipes, small
prefab, etc.) Oil seeds ,Grain processing mills ,
Flour mills, etc
 Warehouse
 Storage, silo, fuel depot, etc.
 I. Land Use Inventory …

E. Data Collection on Manufacturing and Storage

 Garage and workshops
 Garage, handicraft, cottage industries, Wood and
Metal Works, etc.
 Industrial Treatment plant
 Industrial treatment plant, etc.
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of
space, accessibility, Location, Physical condition,
their effect on mobility and aesthetic values of the
city, etc. of Manufacturing and Storage and take
graphic and written notes
 I. Land Use Inventory …
F. Data Collection on Transport
 Terminals
 Bus , Light Rail Transport(LRT) ,Rail, Water and Air
 Intra-city terminal (Bus, Bus Rapid Tansport (BRT), LRT, etc.)
 Inter-city Terminal (Rail, Air, Bus, Lake & River port)
 Freight-Terminal (Dry Port, Freight, etc.)
 Parking
 Parking building
 Park and Ride
 Surface parking
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space,
accessibility, Location, Physical condition, Centrality etc. and
take graphic and written notes
 I. Land Use Inventory …
F. Data Collection on Transport
 Road, Rail & Tram way
 LR , inter-city Rail, tram
 Conduct observation on hierarchical articulation,
distribution, spaces between streets and rail way
systems, accessibility, Network, Physical condition,
paving materials,
 Extent of utilization etc. of all streets, Rail and tram ways
and take graphic and written notes
 Conduct observation on the general features and
characteristics of Pedestrian and bikeways; cattle
trekking and take written notes
 I. Land Use Inventory …
G. Data Collection on Recreational and Environmental
Areas
 Open Spaces
 Play Lot, playground and Sport field,
 Sport Centers
 Gymnasium, Club, Circus, ground tennis, etc.
 Stadium
 Golf centers, Horse-riding fields, athletics centers, etc.
 Conduct observation on distribution, adequacy of space,
accessibility, Location, Physical condition, Centrality, adverse
effect on the youth and people as a result of inadequacy etc.
of Recreational and take graphic and written notes.
 I. Land Use Inventory …

G. Data Collection on Recreational and Environmental

Areas
 Formal Green
 Green areas, Parks, Botanical Garden, Zoo, Lake and River
side resort Centers, etc.
 Environmental
 Forest (manmade & natural)
 Buffer zones,
 Nursery sites
 Environmentally sensitive (Marshes, lakes, rivers, ground
water potential areas, etc.)
 Conduct observation on their distribution, general features
and characteristics; and take graphic and written notes
 I. Land Use Inventory …

H. Data Collection on Urban Agriculture

 Animal Husbandry
 Breeding and fattening,
 Dairy products
 Poultry,
 Apiculture, fishery, etc
 Horticulture
 Vegetables and fruits
 Flower cutting
 Crops or Grazing
 Conduct observation on their general features and
characteristics; and take graphic and written notes
 I. Land Use Inventory …

I. Data Collection on Special Function

 Zones of Restriction
 Crusher, Quarry sites, mining, mixing plant, reclaimed
site, etc
 Military Camp, Aircraft approaching areas, etc.
 Zones of Protection
 Geological hazardous areas (landslides, volcanic
eruptions, rocky areas, flood prone areas, etc.)
 Archaeological sites
 Conduct observation on their general features and
characteristics; and take graphic and written notes
 I. Land Use Inventory …

J. Other Data Collections

Data Related to Land
 Demand and Supply of Land
 Land Delivery System
 Lease
 Permit
 Freehold
 Land Grading System
 Existence of Zoning (Height, Use and Density)
 Land Use Change
 Land Use Compatibility
 I. Land Use Inventory …

J. Other Data Collections

Data Related to history, Heritage and tourism
 Pre-foundation period and settlement patterns
 Foundation
 Naming
 Development of municipality
 Development of urban services
 Historical development trend
 Heritage Preservation
 Tourism sites
 Planning Experience of the Town for Evaluation
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use (LU)
A. Analysis of Data on Residential Areas
 Percentage of area occupied by residences out
of the total land use
 Proportion of informal housing area out of the
total residential area
 Comparison of proportion of slum areas and
area occupied by illegal settlement with other
towns
 Comparison of proportion of area under
residential function with standards
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use (LU)
B. Analysis of Data on Commerce, Business and
Trade Activities
 Analyze the compatibility of trade activities
with other nearby functions, the size,
centrality, topography, accessibility of areas
occupied by trading activities
 Percentage of the land use covered by
commercial activities from the total built up
area,
 Comparison of proportion of area under
business and trade activities with standards.
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use (LU)
C. Analysis of Data on Administration
 Analyze the compatibility of administration
with other nearby functions, the size,
centrality, topography, accessibility,
distribution of areas occupied by
administration
 Percentage of the land use covered by
administration from the total built up area,
 Comparison of proportion of area under
administration against standards
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use (LU)
D. Analysis of Data on Social and Utility Services
 Analyze the compatibility of the services with
other nearby functions, the size, centrality,
topography, accessibility, distribution of areas
occupied by utility services, percentage of the
land use covered by utility services from the
total built up area would be calculated.
 Comparison of proportion of area under utility
services against standards
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use (LU)
E. Analysis of Data on Manufacturing and Storage
Activities
 Analyze the compatibility of the manufacturing
and storage activities with other nearby
functions, the size, centrality, topography,
accessibility, distribution of areas occupied by
manufacturing and storage
 Percentage of the land use covered by
manufacturing and storage from the total built
up area would be calculated.
 Comparison of proportion of area under
manufacturing and storage against standards.
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use (LU)
E. Analysis of Data on Manufacturing and
Storage Activities
 Consider the spatial scale of the land use function
of manufacturing and storage
 For large scale manufacturing and storage activities
consider the mobility of heavy trucks by widening the
roads
 Consider the availability of other modes of
transportation such as rail way
 Consider facilities related to heavy trucks such as
garages, parking space, etc.
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use (LU)
F. Analysis of Data on Road, Transport and Related
Facilities
 Analyze the compatibility of transport and related
activities with other nearby functions, the size,
centrality, topography, accessibility, distribution of
areas occupied by transport and related activities
 Percentage of the land use covered by transport
and related activities from the total built up area
would be calculated.
 Comparison of proportion of area under transport
and related activities against standards
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use (LU)
G. Analysis of Data on Recreational Activities
 Analysis of data on (stadium, parks, sport field,
green areas and botanical garden, zoos etc)
 Analyze the compatibility of recreational activities
with other nearby functions, the size, centrality,
topography, accessibility, distribution of areas
occupied by recreational activities
 Percentage of the land use covered by recreational
activities from the total built up area would be
calculated.
 Comparison of proportion of area under
recreational activities against standards
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use (LU)
H. Analysis of Data on Urban Agriculture, Forest
and Informal Green

 Percentage of the land use covered by urban

agriculture, forest and informal green from the
total built up area would be calculated.

 Comparison of proportion of area under urban

agriculture, forest and informal green against
standards
II. Points to be Analyzed Regarding Land Use (LU)
I. Analysis of Data on Special Function
 Analysis of data on special function (military
camp, aircraft approaching areas, areas
exposed to geological hazards, water bodies,
quarry and rocky areas, archeological sites
international and diplomatic corps etc.)
 Percentage of the land use covered by special
function from the total built up area would be
calculated.
 Analyze the impact of the special function on
the spatial development of the town
 III. Major Land Use Categories
1. Residence- R
Sub Categories Code Color Hatch

Pure Residential areas R-1

Mixed Residential Mixed with R-2

retail trades and
businesses

High Density Medium and high rise R-3

Mixed residential buildings mixed
with retail trade and
business
 III. Major Land Use Categories
Code Color Hatch
2. Administration AD

Government Institutions AD-1 Sector Offices AD-11

Local area Administration AD-12
(Region, Zone, Wereda, City or
Kebele)

Police, Justice, Court AD-13

Prison, Correctional or Rehabilitation AD-14
center

International organizations and International Organizations AD-21

NGOs AD-2
Embassy-Chancery, Consular office AD-22

NGOs AD-23
Unions and Community based Unions AD-31
Organizations, Parties
AD-3 CBOs AD-32
Parties AD-33
 III. Major Land Use Categories

3. Commerce, Business & Code

CO
Color Hatch

Trade
Commerce CO-1 General/Open Market or CO-11
weekly market
Covered market or Gulit CO-12
Cattle Market CO-13
Business& Trade CO-2 Hotels, Restaurants, Motels , CO-21
Grocery, cafeteria, Kiosk,
super market, Barberry, fuel
station &beauty salon etc.

Mall /Plaza , Star CO-22

Hotels, Business
centers, , Hyper
Market etc.
Import-Export, Whole sale, CO-23
Consultancy & company
offices
Financial Banks or Insurance CO-31
Institutions CO-3 Credit Associations or Micro CO-32
Finance
 III. Major Land Use Categories
Code Color Hatch
4. Services S

Education S-1 Kindergarten, Religious and Traditional S-11

Primary School S-12

High School S-13

Special need S-14

TVET S-15
University or College S-16
Research & Training Centers S-17
Health S-2 Health post S-21

Health Center S-22

Hospital S-23
Specialized/Referral Hospital S-24

Veterinary S-25

Municipal Services S-3 Slaughterhouse S-31

Municipal Cemetery S-32
Fire and emergency Service S-33
Solid waste disposal site S-34
Liquid waste transfer stations S-35
Liquid waste disposal site/treatment plant S-36
 III. Major Land Use Categories
Library, Museum , Historical site & Building, S-41
Civic, Cultural & Welfare S-4
multipurpose hall etc.

Religious, traditional & Public Festivity areas S-42

Youth center S-43

Orphanage, People with disability centers etc. S-44

Orthodox church S-51

Religious institutions & Cemeteries
Non-Orthodox Churches S-52
S-5
Mosque S-53
Others S-54
Orthodox Cemetery S-54
Non-Orthodox Cemeteries S-55
Muslim Cemetery S-56
Others S-57
Telecom service S-61
Utility Services &Infrastructure
S-6 Electric power Office, high and medium S-62
tension
lines etc.

Water supply Office, water reservoir, S-63

treatment
plant etc.

Postal Office S-64

Meteorology station/office S-65
 III. Major Land Use Categories
5. Manufacturing and Storage Code
M
Color Hatch

Manufacturing M-1
Heavy Industry Canning, steel, cement, leather, M-11
heavy Building materials
production (Hydrophone,
ceramics, Bricks,
large prefabs etc.)

Light Industry Light Building material production M-12

(HCB, pipe, small-prefabricated
etc.) Oil seeds & grain
processing , Flour Mill

Warehouse Storage, silo, fuel depot etc. M-2

Power generating plants and Power generating plants, Sub - M-3
substations station, etc

Garage and workshops Garage, handicraft & cottage M-4

industries, Wood and Metal Work

Industrial Treatment plant Industrial Treatment plant M-5

 III. Major Land Use Categories
Code Color Hatch
6. Recreational & Environmental
RE

Open spaces RE-1 Play lot RE-11

Play ground RE-12

Sport filed RE-13

Formal green RE-2 Green areas RE-21

Parks RE-22

Botanical Garden RE-23

Zoo RE-24

Lake and river side resort Centers RE-25

Sport centers RE-3 Gymnasium, Club, Circus, ground tennis etc. RE -31

Stadium RE -32

Golf centers, Horse riding, athletics centers etc. RE -33

Environmental RE-4 Forest (manmade & natural) RE -41

Buffer zones RE -42

Nursery sites RE -43

Environmentally fragile areas (Marshes, lakes, RE -44

river,
ground water potential etc.)
 III. Major Land Use Categories
Code Color Hatch
7. Transport T
Terminals T-1 Bus ,LRT ,Rail, Water and AIR T-11
Intra-city terminal (Bus, BRT, T-12
LRT, etc.)
Inter-city Terminal (Rail, Air, T-13
Bus, Lake & River port)
Freight –Terminal (Dry Port, T-14
Freight etc.)
Parking T-2 Parking building T-21
Park and Ride T-22
Surface parking T-23
Road T-3 Express Way ExW Grey
Principal Arterial Street PAS Red
Sub Arterial Street SAS Blue
Collector Road CR Green
Local Road LR Magent
a
Pedestrian way PW
Bike way BW
Rail & tram way T-4 LRT T-41 White
Inter- city rail T-42
Tram etc. T-43
 III. Major Land Use Categories
8. Urban Agriculture Code Color Hatch
UA

Animal Husbandry UA-1

Breeding and fattening UA -11

Dairy products UA -12

Poultry UA -13

Apiculture, Fishery etc UA -14

Horticulture UA-2

Vegetables and fruits(Cash crops) UA -21

Flower cutting UA -22

Crops or Grazing UA -23

UA -24
 III. Major Land Use Categories
Code
9. Special Functions Color Hatch
SF

Zones of Restriction SF-1

Crusher, Quarry sites, Mining, SF-11

mixing plant, reclaim site etc.

Military Camp, Aircraft SF-12

approaching
areas,

Palace, Embassy, Monastery, etc SF-13

Zones of Protection SF-2

Geological hazardous areas (land SF-21
and mud slides, volcanic
eruptions, rocky, flood prone areas
etc.)

Archaeological site SF-22

Percentage
IV. Urban Land
Components
Use Proportion Remark

Road and  Terminals, Dry ports, Parking,  Street based green areas and
associated  PAS, SAS, CS, , LS, related
infrastructure  Trail & Tram way amenities, and utility lines
s 30%  Pedestrian and bikeways. are
accommodated in the right of way.
 Open spaces, Formal green, Sport centers,  Land uses that are designated for all
Green areas &  Environmental sort of
Public Spaces  Institutions based sport facilities, greenery and any
organization/institutions having
30%  Festivity areas, Religious institutions & Cemeteries,
any type of green/open space
 Horticulture within its premises such as
 Crusher, Quary sites, Monastery etc. educational and health facilities.
 Green areas in High density &
special residential areas
 Residential,  Except for Educational and Health
Built-up  Government Institution, International facilities for
areas 40% Organization & NGOs, unions, CBOs and the rest of the land uses it has
parties been assumed that proportion of
 Commerce, Business & trade, Financial Institutions. green areas can be calculated in
 Education, Health, Slaughterhouse, Fire and relation to the concept of BAR.
emergency, solid waste disposal site, Liquid waste  For Aircraft approaching area, it
transfer station, Liquid waste disposal site/treatment depends on the situation or
plant, Library, museum, historical site & Building, location. Either it could be in
multipurpose hall , Youth center, Orphanage, handicap green areas or built up areas
centers, Utility services & Infrastructure,  Archaeological sites could be in
 Manufacturing, Built up areas or Green areas and
 Animal husbandry, Public spaces
 IV. Urban Land Use Proportion
Land use components Proportion in percent Remark
(Out of the total 40%)
 Residence 50-60% (20-24/40)
Out of the built-
 Pure………………………… (60 -70%)
up areas
proportion
 Mixed………………………. (30 - 40%)

 Business & commerce ………... 15-20% (6-8/40)

 Social & municipal services….. 10-15% (4-6/40)

 Manufacturing & storage……… 5-10 (2- 4/40)

 Administration…………………… 5 -7 % (2-2.8/40)

 Urban agriculture……………..… 1-3%(0.4 -1.2/40)

 Special functions…………..…… 1-2%(0.4 -0.8/40)

 IV. Urban Land Use Proportion
 The proportion in the percentage is out of the
total 40% of land allocated for construction
purpose.
 In this regard, the Residential land use
function, for example, will comprise of 50-60%
of the total land use category allocated in the
Urban Plan Preparation and Implementation
Strategy document.
 In other words this proportion is meant that it
is about half of (20-24 %) the total land use
category which is 40%.
 V. Other Analysis Types
A. Urban Shape Analysis
 The shape of a town can be assessed by using
different compactness indices such as Length-
Breadth ratio, Compaction index, Elongation ratio
and Circularity ratio which helps to know whether
a certain town has a compact morphology or
elongated in its shape which further affects the
cost for infrastructure development and the level
of incorporating fertile agricultural land.
 Compact urban shapes are advantageous in this
regard.
 V. Other Analysis Types
Urban Shape Analysis …
A. Length- Breadth (L-B) Ratio
= Length of long axis of an area Length of short axis
of an area
Long Axis
 Long axis: a line joining the farthest points on the
boundary in a straight line
Short Axis
 Short axis: the longest line perpendicular to the long
axis between two other points on the boundary.
 V. Other Analysis Types
Urban Shape Analysis …
B. Compaction Index (C.I):
= Area of the biggest inscribing circle
Area of the cell (an area) being measured
• It is a more refined measure of compactness.
 Results approaching a unit (one) indicate more
compact shape and vice versa.
 Identify problems of interaction and
infrastructure provision that arise due to
elongated (linear) shape
 V. Other Analysis Types
B. Slope Analysis
By using GIS Techniques
 Classify the slopes and produce a slope map with
appropriate shading or standardized color (0-1%,
2-5%, 5-10%, 10-15%, 15-20%and > 20%).
 Calculate area of each slope class and recognize
(identify) the total area that could be potentially
suitable for urban development.
 Identify areas subjected to flooding and water
stagnation (<1%)
 Identify areas with excessive slope for urban
development activities (> 20%)
Thank You!!!