IELTS

WRITING 1
(min 150 words) between 150-200
words in 20 minutes
How to plan
• Introduction(paraphrase)+general view(Overall)
• BodyA:comparison/contrast
• BodyB:comparison/contrast
USE SYNONYMS
• For example:
• Increase:rise,uplift, upsurge, roar,go up,rocket,climb
VOCABULARY

(increase)

• Verbs • Nouns
rise / increase / go up / uplift / a rise / an increase / an upward
rocket / climb / upsurge / soar/ trend / a growth / a leap / a
shot up/ improve/ jump/ leap/ jump / an improvement/ a climb.
move upward/ skyrocket/ soar/
surge.
decrease
• Verb • Noun
fall / decrease / decline / plummet a fall / a decrease / a reduction / a
/ plunge / drop / reduce / collapse downward trends /a downward
/ deterioriate/ dip / dive / go tendency / a decline/ a drop / a
down / slum / slide / go into free- slide / a collapse / a downfall.
fall.
Steadiness(değişmezlik,sabitlik)
• Verb • Noun
unchange / level out / remain • a steadiness/ a plateau(yükseliş
constant / remain steady / plateau noktasında durağan hale
/ remain the same / remain gelme) / a stability/ a static
stable / remain static
Gradual increase/ Gradual decrease
• No verb • Noun
• Gradual increase
an upward trend / an upward
tendency / a ceiling trend
• Gradual decrease
a downward trend / a downward
tendency / a descending trend
VERBS

• show / represent / depict / illustrate/ present/ give / provide /

delineate(tasvir atmek, betimlemek)/ outline(ana hatlarıyla çizmek)/
describe / express/ denote/ compare/ show contrast / indicate /
figure(ifade etmek, görünmek, hesaplamak) / give data on / give
information on/ present information about/ show data about/
demonstrate/ sketch out(tasarlamak)/ summarise
DESCRIPTION
• the comparison of…/ comparison between…..
the differences…
the changes...
the number of…
data on…
the proportion of…
the amount of…
information on...
data about...
comparative data...
the trend of...
the percentages of...
the ratio of...

• Ex: The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and female employees in 6
broad categories, dividing into manual and non-manual occupations in Australia,
between 2010 and 2015.
 INTRODUCTION MUST BE IMPRESSIVE(what,where,
when)
• The diagram shows employment rates among adults in four European countries from 1925 to 1985.
• The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and female employees in 6 broad categories,
dividing into manual and non-manual occupations in Australia, between 2010 and 2015.
• The chart gives information about consumer expenditures on six products in four countries
namely( Germany, Italy, Britain and France.
• The supplied bar graph compares the number of male and female graduates in three developing
countries while the table data presents the overall literacy rate in these countries.
(SHOW CONNECTION IN MULTIPLE GRAPHS)
• The bar graph and the table data depict the water consumption in different sectors in five regions.
• The bar graph enumerates the money spent on different research projects while the column graph
demonstrates the fund sources over a decade, commencing from 1981.(MULTIPLE GRAPHS)
• The line graph delineates the proportion of male and female employees in three different sectors
in Australia between 2010 and 2015.
WARNING
• Main features in the details. Comparison and Contrast of the data.
(Do not give all the figures.) DO NOT try to present every single data
presented in a graph ,rather pick 3-4 most significant and important
trends/ changes and show their comparisons and contrasts.

• Most striking features of the graph.Never copy word for word from
the question
Vocabulary for the General Trend
Part:Overview
• In general, In common Generally speaking, Overall, It is obvious, As is
observed, As a general trend, As can be seen, As an overall trend, As is
presented, It can be clearly seen that, At the first glance, it is clear, At the
onset(başlangıçta), it is clear that, A glance at the graphs reveals that...
• Ex: In general, the employment opportunities increased till 1970 and
then declined throughout the next decade.
• NOTE:Write introduction and General trend in the same paragraph. If
you have a really good reason to write the general trend in the second
paragraph, try to write them both in the first paragraph. this is just a
suggestion, not a requirement.Also DO NOT give numbers, percentages
or quantity in your general trend
Body part
1. As is presented in the diagram(s)/ graph(s)/ pie chart(s)/ table...
2. As (is) shown in the illustration...
3. As can be seen in the...
4. As the diagrams suggest...
5. According to the...
6. Categorically(kesinlike) speaking...
7. Getting back to the details...
8. Now, turning to the details...
9. The table data clearly shows that...
10. The diagram reveals that...
11. The data suggest that...
12. The graph gives the figure...
13. It is interesting to note that...
14. It is apparently seen that...
15. It is conspicuous(göze çarpan) that...
16. It is explicitly observed that...
17. It is obvious...
18. It is clear from the data...
19. It is worth noticing that...
20. It is crystal clear/ lucid (anlaşılır)that...
21. It can be clearly observed that...
22. It could be plainly viewed that...
23. It could be noticed that...
Type of change

adverbs adjectives
• Rapid change • Rapid change
Dramatically (önemli ölçüde) / rapidly / sharply / quickly / dramatic / rapid / sharp / quick / hurried / speedy / swift /
hurriedly / speedily / swiftly / significantly/ considerably / significant / considerable / substantial / noticable
substantially / noticeably
• Moderate change
• Moderate change
moderate / gradual / progressive / sequential
moderately / gradually / progressively / sequentially
• Steady Change
• Steady change
steady/ ceaseless
steadily/ ceaselessly
Slight change
Slight change
slight / slow / mild / tedious
slightly / slowly / mildly / tediously
Type of change(Rapid ups and downs)

verb noun
• wave / fluctuate / oscillate / vacillate / palpitate • waves / fluctuations / oscillations / vacillations /
palpitations
• Adverbs(great change)
• Adjectives(great change)
Overwhelmingly/substantially
Overwhelming/substantial
/enormously/ significantly/considerably
/enormous/ significant/considerable
• Moderate change
• Moderate change
Somewhat/moderately
Somewhat/moderate
• Minor change
• Minor change
Fractionally/marginally/slightly
Fractional/marginal/slight
Dates,months,years
• From 1990 to 2000, Commencing from 1980, Between 1995 and
2005, After 2012.
» By 1995, In 1998, In February, Over the period, During the period,
During 2011.
» In the first half of the year, For the first quarter, The last quarter of
the year, During the first decade.
» In the 80s, In the 1980s, During the next 6 months, In the mid-70s,
Next 10 years, Previous year, Next year, Between 1980 - 1990.
» within five years.
» Next month, Next quarter, Next year, Previous month, Previous year.
» Since, Then, From
PERCENTAGES
• 10% increase, 25 percent decrease, increased by 15%,
dropped by 10 per cent, fall at 50%, reached to 75%, tripled,
doubled, one-fourth, three-quarters, half, double fold, treble, 5
times higher, 3 timers lower, declined to about 49%, stood
exactly at 43%.
e.g..We will treble the sale this year.
FRACTIONS

4% = A tiny fraction.
24% = Almost a quarter.
25% Exactly a quarter.
26% = Roughly one quarter.
32% Nearly one-third, nearly a third.
49% = Around a half, just under a half.
50% Exactly a half.
51% = Just over a half.
73% = Nearly three quarters.
77% = Approximately three quarter, more than three-quarter.
79% = Well over three quarters.
proportions
2% = A tiny portion, a very small proportion.
4% = An insignificant minority, an insignificant proportion.
16% = A small minority, a small portion.
70% = A large proportion.
72% = A significant majority, A significant proportion.
89% = A very large proportion.
Phrases of Approximation

Approximately
Nearly
Roughly
Almost
About
Around
More or less
Just over
Just under
Just around
Just about
Just below
A little more than
A little less than
Vocabulary to represent highest and
lowest points in graphs:
• Highest point • Lowest point
verb Verb
peak(ed) / culminated(doruğa touch the lowest point / get the lowest
çıkmak) / climaxed / reach the peak / point / reached the nadir(en aşağı
hit the peak / touch the highest point / nokta)
reach the vertex(zirve)/ reach the
apex(tepe)
noun Noun
a (/the) peak / a (/the) pinnacle / a (/the) the lowest point / the lowest mark /
vertex / the highest point/ an (/the) apex / bottommost point / rock bottom point/
a (/the) summit, a (/the) top, a (/the) bottommost mark / nadir/ the all-time
pinnacle, a (/the) acme, a (/the) zenith, low/ the lowest level/ the bottom/
rock-bottom
Examples
1. The price of the oil reached a peak amounting(varmak) $20 in
February and again touched the lowest point amounting only $10 in
July.
2. Student enrollment in foreign Universities and Colleges increased
dramatically hitting a peak of over 20 thousand in 2004.
3. The highest number of books was sold in July while it was lowest in
December.
4. The oil price reached a pick in 2003 while it was lowest in 2006.
5. The selling volume of the DVD hit a pick with 2 million copies sold in
a month but after just three months it reached the bottom with only
20 thousand sold in a month.
Use the following vocabularies if both
subjects are the same/ identical:
... Identical to/ Identical with ...
... Equal to with ...
... Exactly the same ...
... The same as ...
... Precisely the same ...
... Absolutely the same ...
... just the same as ...
Words to make a comparison / contrast:
• A bit/ slightly/ a little/ only just/ approximately/ about/ almost/
precisely/ quite/ nearly/ considerably/ a huge/ a great deal/ quite
a lot/ completely/ exactly...
Vocabulary - Using the appropriate
"Prepositions":
It started at..., The sale started at $20..., It peaked at...
It reached to..., It reached the lowest point /nadir at...
It increased to 80 from 58. It decreased from 10 to 3.
There was a drop of six units. It dropped by 3 units.
It declined by 15%. There was a 10% drop in the next three years.
Formal and Informal expressions and words:

• Informal Formal
• Go up Increase
• Go down Decrease
• Look at Examine
• Find about Discover
• Point out Indicate
• Need to Required
• Get Obtain
• Think about Consider
• Seem Appear
• Show demonstrate/illustrate
• Start Commence
• Keep Retain
• But However
• So Therefore/Thus
• Also In addition/Additionally
• In the meantime In the interim
• In the end Finally
• Anyway Notwithstanding
• Lots of/ a lot of Much, many
Vocabulary to show the sequence:

• Subsequently, Respectively, Consecutively,

Sequentially Previous, Next, First, Second, Third, Finally,
Former, Latter
• You do not need to use 'consecutively/ sequentially/
respectively' if there are only two values to write.
 Vocabulary to show transitions:
• Then
• Afterwards
• Following that
• Followed by

• Next
• Subsequently
• Former
• Latter
• After
• Previous
• Prior to
• Simultaneously
• During
• While
• Finally
COMMON WORDS COMMON WORDS
Illustration: can replace - "diagram, chart." Dive: can replace - "fall, drop."
» As the diagrams suggest: can replace - "As can be seen, According to » Go into free-fall: can replace - "fall, drop, decline, decrease."
» Plummet, plunge, slum: can replace - "fall, drop, decline."
the diagrams. » Take a nosedive: can replace - "reduce, drop, fall, decline."
» Illustrate: can replace - "describe, show, present data on." » Slide: can replace - "drop, fall."
» Trifling: can replace - "small, insignificant." » Decade: can replace - "ten years."
» Delineate: can replace - "show, present, describe." » Projected: can replace - "predicted, forecasted, estimated."
» From this graph, it is quite evident that: can replace - "In conclusion, » Overwhelmingly: can replace - "greatly, significantly."
In summary, In general." » Hardly: can replace - "barely, merely,
» At the onset it is clear: can replace - "As can be seen from the graph."
» The most possible ground: can replace - "the most common reason." » Indicate: can replace - "point out."
» Elaborate: can replace - "describe, explain." » All in all: can replace - "In summary, in conclusion."
» Nadir: can replace - "the lowest point." » Obtain: can replace - "get."
» Apex/ Vertex: can replace - "the highest point." » Commence: can replace - "start".
» Soared: can replace - " sharply increased." » In the interim: can replace - "in the meantime."
» Correct: can replace - "right".
» Skyrocketed: can replace - " very quickly increased. » Inexpensive: can replace - "cheap."
» Frantically: can replace - "very quickly, very rapidly." » Depict: can replace - "show."
» Slumped: can replace - "quickly dropped." » Plateaued: can replace - "remained the same."
» Plummeted: can replace - "quickly dropped." » Oscillate/ Vacillate/ Palpipate: can replace - "fluctuate."
» Surged: can replace - "went up, climbed, increased." » Declivity: can replace - "drop, fall, decrease".
» Deteriorate: can replace - "fall." » Acclivity: can replace - "An upward slope, an upward trend, increase."
» A steep fall: can replace - "A quick fall".
» Dip: can replace - "fall, decline." •
Common words in IELTS Graph writing:

• Plateau
• Meaning: Reach a state of little or no change after a period of activity or progress,
levelled out.
Example: The share price of the ACME company have plateaued out.
• Dip
• Meaning: Submerge, lower plunge, sink.
Example: The employee satisfaction score then dipped in 2005 and remained at this
level for the next three years.
• Slump
• Meaning: Decrease, decline, deteriorate.
Example: The number of passengers then slumped and reached to only 2500
compared to four thousand in the previous year.
• Steep
• Meaning: Sheer, sharp, abrupt, perpendicular.
Example: The steep decline of the heavy drinkers contributed to the enhanced life expectancy in this
country.
• Substantial
• Meaning: Notable, considerable, significant, marked
Example: A substantial number of these diploma holders did not finish their tertiary education.
• Dramatic
• Meaning: Significant, notable, noteworthy, remarkable, considerable, substantial.
Example: The dramatic rise of the car use has polluted the air.
• Gradual
• Meaning: Step by step, slow but continuous, uniform, successive, progressive, steady, regular, even,
consistent.
Example: The participation of women in these sectors gradually improved and in 2015, more than 38%
women were employed in these job sectors.
• Decline
• Meaning: Reduce, decrease, plummet, plunge, slump, shrink, fall off, lessen.
Example: Investment in clean energy declined in the third world countries in 2005 while it actually doubled in
most of the first world countries.
• An upward trend
• Meaning: The tendency of being higher, something that goes upward.
Example: An upward trend in the number of club members was visible from 2005 to 2007 after which it
actually dropped.
• Respectively
• Meaning: Consecutively, sequentially.
Example: Car theft cases in Denmark, Sweden, UK and Japan were respectively 240, 210, 354 and 189 in
January 2018.
• Consecutively
• Meaning: Sequentially, progressively.
Example: While the daily fast food consumption per person in the UK was 50 grams, it was 61, 32 and 25 grams
in the USA, Sweden and China consecutively.
• Apex
• Meaning: The highest point, peak, vertex, pinnacle, summit, top.
Example: The price then increased noticeably and reached the apex in 2017.
• Acclivity
• Meaning: Ascent, climb, rise.
Example: The activity of the car ownership in Europe further developed and reached to 57% in 2011.
• Declivity
• Meaning: A downward slope, decline, decrease.
Example: The declivity on the number of female members in 2011 was almost double than that of the
previous year.
• Remained stable
• Meaning: Remained constant, did not change.
Example: The ratio of highly skilled professionals in the former country increased significantly
but remained stable in the later one.
• Plummet
• Meaning: Plunge, fall, decline, slump, nosedive, drop, decrease.
Example: The ratio of unemployed youth, who have vocational education, plummeted in 2005 than that of two years
earlier.
• Prevalent
• Meaning: Common, general, usual, prevailing, widespread, endemic, rampant.
Example: The prevalence of the trend could be better understood if we compare the data with that of the last twenty
years.
• Stood at
• Meaning: To remain stable/ intact, to come to a stop.
Example: The old hospital stood at the same position as it was five decades earlier but the free-space in front of it was
converted to a car parking area.
• Enumerate
• Meaning: Identify, itemise, list, summarise, recite, specify, quote, relate.
Example: The illustration enumerates how Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects up-to-the-minute information on the
weather.
• Radically
• Meaning: Completely, hurriedly, abruptly.
Example: The technological advancement has radically changed the way employees used to work in their offices.
• Positive development
• Meaning: Improvement, progress, stay forward, increase, grow, rise.
Example: The increasing number of female executives in the company is considered a positive development.
• Subsequent
• Meaning: Following, next, successive, succeeding.
Example: Despite a hike at the beginning of the year, the oil price steadily declined in the subsequent months until June 2017.
• Commence
• Meaning: Start, begin, set in motion, open, initiate, inauguarate.
Example: The construction of the road was commenced at the beginning of 2001 and ended in 2003.
• Plunge
• Meaning: Slump, plummet, shrink, fall off, decline, decrease, drop, reduce.
Example: Employers' contribution to the fee for skill development courses has plunged to a great extent in the last decade, as
the graph suggests.
• Surge
• Meaning: Increase, went higher, jump.
Example: Duration of watching TV as a leisure activity surged among the elder people in Australia after 1998.
• To dive
• Meaning: Fall, descent, plummet, plunge, nosedive, drop.
Example: Consumption of word resources in some Asian countries, on the contrary, has dived after 2014.
• Abrupt
• Meaning: Swift, sudden, instantaneous, hurried, startling, unanticipated, unexpected, rapid, speedy.
Example: The abrupt rise of the population in the early 21st century is contrasting to that of the beginning of the 18th
century, as the data suggests.
• Relative
• Meaning: Correlative, corresponding, parallel, reciprocal.
• Variation
• Meaning: Disparity, inequality, dissimilarity, difference, variety, diversification.
Example: It can be inferred from the given data that variations in the pH values are sometimes
detrimental.
• Elucidate
• Meaning: Explain, make clear, clarify, throw/shed light on, explicate, annotate.
Example: The line chart elucidates how much waste was recycled in the UK between 1990 and
2015.
• Unravel
• Meaning: Untangle, clear up, disentangle, explain, straighten out, separate out.
Example: The data unravel the fact that the crime rate increases in the later decades despite
some stringent initiatives from the law-enforcers.
The chart below shows how much money is spent in the budget on different
sectors by the UAE government in 2000.
Sample Answer
The pie chart shows(indicates,illustrates) the national
expenditure by the United Arab Emirates government in
2000. Generally speaking, the UAE government had a
budget of over 300 billion AED and the highest portion of
this budget was spent on social security and health &
social services.
As is seen in the diagram, the UAE government spent
more than 300 billion AED on eight different important
sectors in 2000. Social security for the citizens cost the
highest budget and it was exactly 100 billion AED.
Health and personal social services, on the other hand,
required more than 50 billion and this was the second
largest budget money allocation for the UAE government
in 2000.
It is clear from data that Defence sector cost them 22
billion which was slightly lower than the debt
interests the government paid in this year. Housing,
heritage and environment got 15 billion which was nearly
the same as it was allocated for law and order. Finally, 9
billion was spent on the transportation sector and the
lowest budget allocation in this year
IELTS Graph 2:
The charts below show the growth in the population in some of the world’s largest cities as well as the population
distribution in urban and rural areas.

Top 5 biggest cities by population (millions)

• Sample Answer
The bar graph compares the population growth in five large cities between 1970 and 2010 while
the table lists down the five most populous cities in the world both in 1950 and 2010. In addition,
the line graph analyses the global population in rural and urban areas between 1980 and
2000.Overall, Tokyo had the largest population in 2010 but the population growth in Bombay and
Shangai outranked other cities. Finally, more people started to live in cities after 2005.
• According to the bar graph, more than 15 million people lived in Tokyo in 1970 and that was higher
than that of New York and Shanghai. Population in Bombay was one-third than that of Tokyo and
Jakarta had only 2.5 million residents, the least among the five cities. The population in Tokyo
increased to 27.6 million in 2010 and this was the city with the highest population. However,
population growth in Bombay and Jakarta, almost 5.5 times, was higher than any other city listed.

• The table data shows that New York was the most populous city in the world in 1950 with exactly
12.5 million people. London and Tokyo stood at the second and third position in this list. In 2010,
Tokyo topped the rank by 27.6 million. While Bombay and Lagos were not listed in 1950, their
population reached to the second and third position in 2010.
• Finally, globally 3 billion people lived in rural areas in 1980 while less than 2 billion in cities. In
2010, the number of city-living-residents upsurged to over 4 billion while it was slightly over 3 in
villages.
The bar chart below shows the estimated sales of jeans for two
companies next year in Turkey. The pie chart shows the projected
market share of the two companies in jeans at the end of next year.
The column graph gives a projection on the next year’s jeans sales of two companies
in Turkey while the pie chart compares their estimated market share. Overall, jeans
sales are estimated to increase at the last quarter next year and Jack & Jones brand is
anticipated to have half of the market share.

According to the first graph, Jack & Jones jeans clothing sale will be roughly 450
thousand pairs in Turkey, which is almost three times higher than that of Mango
brand. At end of the first quarter, Jack & Jones is estimated to sell 300 thousand pairs
of jeans in Turkey while it would be just above 150 thousand for Mango. In July and
August, the demand for Mango jeans is estimated to exceed the demand of Jack &
Jones. However, Jack & Jones is likely to witness a hike in its jeans sale during the last
quarter of the year and in December it will sell 900,000 pairs, double than its sale in
January. During the last quarter, Mango jean’s sale would remain almost the same
except a surge in December to 600 thousand sales.

It is predicted that Jack & Jones alone will control the half of the market share while
Mango corporation will have 30% market share. The remaining 20% would be
controlled by the other jeans manufacturers.