Satyam college of engineering &technology

Department of Aeronautical
Aircraft design project-II
Design of two seater fighter combat aircraft

Project Guide Submitted by

Sivajothi . S D . Ajitha
S . Gowsalya
L . Jerclin
S . J . Kanishka
INTRODUCTION
The design project I is studied by comparing the different types of aircraft and their
specifications and performance details .we have taken 5 different types of aircraft and
analaysis has been undertaken . Its preliminary weight estimation , selection of design
parameters , power plant selection , aerofoil selection , fixing the geometry of wing ,
tail , control surfaces , landing gear selection , and the preparation of layout drawing ,
construction of balance and three view diagrams of the airplane ,drag estimation ,
performance calculations , stability analysis and v-n diagram had been undertaken.the
studied five aircrafts are
LCA Tejas
Typhoon
SU 30 MKI
Chengdu J 10
Rafale
ABSRACT
The purpose of this Aircraft Design project –II is to continue the structural design of the
airplane. Preliminary design of an aircraft wing – shrenck’s curve, structural load
distribution , shear force , bending moment and torque diagrams . Detailed design of an
aircraft wing – Design of spars and stringers , bending stress and shear flow calculations
– buckling analysis of wing panels . Preliminary design of an aircraft fuselage – load
distribution of an aircraft fuselage . Design of control surfaces – balancing and
maneuvering loads on the tail plane and aileron , rudder loads . Design of wing-root
attachment , Landing gear design , preparation of a detailed design report with CAD
drawings has to be carried out.
PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF AN AIRCRAFT
WING
SHRENCKS CURVE
It’s the curve used to analyse the lift distribution across the entire wing span.

Y=Y1+Y2/2
SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT
It is the force that acts parallel to the cross-sectional of a structural element ,
while bending moment is the moment that occurs when an external force is
applied to the element causing it to bend.
SHRENCKS CURVE
Linear variation of lift along wing semi span

45000

40000

35000

30000

linear lift distribution

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

wing semi span m

DETAILED DESIGN OF WING
DESIGN OF SPARS
The wing spars are the main load carrying structural member of the aircraft
wing.The wing spars are used to carry the loads that occur during the flight as
well as carry the weight of the aircraft while on the ground.
DESIGN OF STRINGERS
If the thickness of the skin is too high for the skin ,the stringers are added.The
number of stringers can be determined by evaluating the amount by which the
skin thickness should be reduced
Type of wing used –mid wing dihedral
SPARS AND SRRINGERS IN WING
PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF AN
FUSELAGE
The fuselage is the main structure or body of the fixed-wing aircraft . It provides
space for cargo ,controls ,accessories fuselage passengers and other equipments .
Monocoque
Semi monocoque
Fuselage carries very little to lift and produces more drag but it is an important
structural component . It is the connecting member to all load producing
components such as wing , horizontal tail ,vertical tail , landing gear etc.
LOAD DISTRIBUTION ON FUSELAGE

SNO COMPONENTS DISTANCE FROM LOAD

REFERENCE
1 Crew 3.04 7.22Kn/m

2 Nose landing gear 6.8 122.1KN

3 Payload 12.17 158.82KN

4 Fuselage mass 15.88 109KN

5 Main landing gear 18.52 1099.9KN

DETAILED DESIGN OF FUSELAGE
 The bulkheads are primary circumferential members whose purpose is to
give a shape to th fuselage just like the ribs in case of wing and secondly
disperse concentrated loads and support the whole fuselage structure .
Bulkheads basically are utilized to divide the whole fuselage in to sections
namely the front fuselage , center fuselage and aft fuselage .
 Longerons can be defined as the principle longitudinal member which run
through the length of fuselage responsible for carrying and transmitting
the loads imposed on the fuselage to various sub - components like
frames , stringers , bulkheads etc .
 type of fuselage used semimonocoque
BULKHEADS AND LONGERONS
SHEAR FLOW CALCULATIONS
Qs=-sy/Ixxsummation^r-1Bryr+qs,0
Qs=-50*10^380.15/2.55740summationr-1yr+qs,0
Qs=-2.932*10^3yr+qs,0

y1=y6=2
y12=y16=-y8=-y10=1.2
Y4=y14=-y-7=1
y5=y13=0
Q1=-5.864N/m
Q2=-234.6N/m
Q3=-17193248N/m
Q4=-5.4810^10N/m
DESIGN OF CONTROL SURFACES
Balancing and manoeuring loads
A horizontal surface balancing load is a load necessary to maintain equilibrium
in any specified flight conditions with no pitching acceleration horizontal
balancing surface must be designed for the balancing loads occurring at any
point on the limit maneouring envelope and in the flap conditions it is not
required to balance the rudder because it will not deflect due to gravity aileron
will defect in vice versa direction so it doesn’t require balancing load.
Each horizontal surface and its supportive structure and the main wing of a
canard or tandem wing configuration , if that surface has pitch control , must be
designed for the manoeuring loads imposed by certain conditions .
 DESIGN OF WING-ROOT ATTACHMENT
 Wing root fairings have substantially improved low speed and high-
speed –load flying characteristics . The design process and result are
described in hidden drag .
 For low and slow fliers , it is convenient to consider the total drag of
an aircraft to be composed of parasitic drag and induced drag .
 The fairings solve the three problems mentioned at the beginnings
A small attitude change no longer causes sudden
deterioration of reduced aircraft .
Power – off glide is stable and the sink rate is much reduced
The plane no longer requires nose –up attitude in level flight
when heavily load .
DESIGN OF LANDING GEAR
 Landing gear normally comes into two types: conventional or “tail dragger”
landing gear , where there are two main wheels towards the front of th
aircraft and a single , much smaller , wheel or skid at the rear; or tricycle
landing gear where there are two main wheels (or wheel assemblies) under
the wings and a third smaller wheel in the nose .
 To decrease drag in flight some undercarriages retract into wings and
fuselage with wheels flush against the surface or concealed behind doors ;
this is called retractable gear .
 With a tricycle landing gear , the c.g is ahead of the main wheels , so the
aircraft is stable on the ground . It improvesfprward visibility on the ground
and permits a flat cabin floor for passengers and cargo loading
 Type of landing gear retractable tricycle type
DETAILED DESIGN OF AN AIRCRAFT

Top view
Front view
Length 21.94m
Height 6.36m
Wing span 14.7m

Side view
Su 30 MKI
• Length 21.94m
• Wing area 62.94m
• Wing span 14.7m
• Height 6.36m
• Aspect ratio 3.48m
• Range 3000 km
• Max speed 2125km/hr
• Rate of climb 230m/sec
• Service ceiling 17500m
• No of engine 2
• Fuel capacity 5000kg
• Mach 2
Purpose
It’s a long range aircraft used for missile purpose
type of engine used is turbofan Saturn AL 31
developed and manufactured by Russian
airforce and HAL,india
and it’s a type of supersonic aircraft with
mach 2 .
multirole type ,all weather ,air dominance
fighter type
CONCLUSION
 Design is a blend of science , presence of mind and the application ofeach
one of them at the appropriate time .
 Design of anything needs experience and an optimistic progress towards the
ideal system the scientific society always looks for the best product design .
 A design never gets completed in a flutter sense but it is one further step
towards the ideal system . But during the design of this combat aircraft
fighter type we learn a lot about AERONAUTICS and its implication when
apllied to an aircraft design .