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WOLLO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Lecture Note On

MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY & BIM

(CoTM 5282)

BY : Ali M.
 Course Outline
 Course Name: Modern Construction Technology
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 Course Code: CoTM 5271
 ECTS Credits: 6 (Lecture: 2Hr. and Lab & workshop Practice: 3Hrs Each.
 Course objectives:
 Course Content:
 Chapter 1: Framed Structure Construction
1.1. Introduction to Modern Construction
1.2. Framed Structure
1.2.1. Types of Frames

 Chapter 2: Prefabrication
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Prefabrication
2.2.1. Types of Prefabrication
2.3. Standardization and Mechanization
 Course Outline Cont.…
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 Chapter 3: Temporary Structures
 3.1. Introduction
 3.2. Types of Temporary structures

 Chapter 4: Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Infrastructure

4.1. Damages in construction

4.2. Testing of concrete
4.3. Non-destructive concrete testing
4.4. Building structure maintenance
4.5. Road and Other Structure Maintenance
 Chapter 5: Integrated design and construction
5.1. Introduction to BIM
 CHAPTER ONE: Framed Structure Construction

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1.1. Introduction
 MCT: is a construction technology relating to recent times or the present modern
history. It is about better products and processes.
 It aims to improve business efficiency, quality, customer satisfaction, environmental
performance, sustainability and the predictability of delivery time scales.
 Modern construction technology is more broadly based than a particular focus on
product. It engage people to seek improvement, through better processes, in the
delivery and performance of construction.
The modern construction systems can be categorized as:
1. Mechanization of construction works at Site (Industrialized Formwork Systems)
2. Mechanization of Construction at Factory (Prefab Building Systems)
3. Combined systems
 1.1 INTRODUCTION

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 In general, the construction method can be classified into following categories:
Construction Methods

Conventional Non Conventional

Fully Prefabricate Composite Cast in-situ

On site Off site

Load Bearing
Precast Concrete Sandwich Panel Steel Frame
Block

Frame Panel Box

Figure 1: Showing the methods in construction.

 1.2. FRAME

 Frame
6 is a structure used to resist vertical forces (for example gravity loading) and lateral
forces (for example wind, and earthquakes).
 What is framed structure?
Framed structure is structure that is made stable by a skeleton that is able to stand by itself as a rigid
structure without depending on floors or walls to resist deformation. Or
Framed structures are structures having the combination of beam, column and slab to resist the
lateral and gravity loads. These structures are usually used to overcome the large moments
developing due to the applied loading.
MEMBERS FOR FRAMING
 Requirement: The main requirement for some material to be used for framing purpose is its strength in both
tension and compression.
 The following can be the best example and are commonly used.
1. Engineered Wood (Timber)
2. Steel
3. Reinforced concrete
 1.2. FRAME

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Advantages of Frame Structures
 Ease in construction.
 It is very easy to teach the labor at the construction site.
 Can be constructed rapidly.
 Frame structures have economical designs.
Limitation of Frame Structures
 Restriction in span length, usually up to 40 feet (12 M) is limited in concrete structure.

FRAMES

BRACED PIN ENDED FIX EDED GABBLED

RIGID FRAMES FRAMES
PORTAL FRAMES
FRAMES FRAMES FRAMES
 1.2. FRAME

Free body diagram of rigid frame Free body diagram of braced frame Free body diagram of pin ended frame

Free body diagram of FIX EDED FRAMES Free body diagram of GABBLED FRAMES Free body diagram of PORTAL FRAMES
 1.2.1. TIMBER FRAMING

 Timber is also known as a post and beam. As the name suggests timber framing is construction method using
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timber frame as the primary structural support for the building.
 Timber Framing is a centuries old construction method of creating timber framed structures jointed together
with wooden pegged mortises and tenon joints.

BENEFITS OF TIMBER FRAMING

 Fast, efficient and cost effective
 Flexible to add further extensions.
 Environmentally friendly.
 Hand crafted.
 Unique character. And Buildings with an organic, natural, earthly charm.
 1.2.1. TIMBER FRAMING

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TYPES OF TIMBER FRAMES
1. CLOSED TIMBER FRAME
 CLOSED TIMBER FRAME has form of a triangle, the horizontal member of the triangle (tie-beam) which is
jointed in to two angled members called the principal rafters?
 Purpose: the main purpose of the closed timber frame is to deflect the loads on the roof to the wall post who
then direct the load to the foundations.
B) QUEEN POSTS TRUSS
A) Kingpost truss
 2. OPEN TIMBER FRAMING

11 1. Arch brace truss, 2. Sling braces truss and

3. Hammer 4. Crucks
 1.2.2. STEEL FRAMING

 The development of this technique made the construction of the skyscraper

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possible. Mostly done using mild steel.
BENEFITS OF STEEL FRAMING Alternatives in using steel
 Excellent design flexibility (allows longer span).
frame
 Resist wind and earthquake loads.
 High rise buildings (strength, low
 Bend without cracking. weight, and speed of construction).
 Immense strength.
 Industrial buildings (large span spaces
 Super-quick to build at site. @ low cost).
 Wide ready-made structural sections  Warehouse buildings
 Wide range of joining methods.  Residential buildings
LIMITATION OF STEEL FRAMING  Temporary Structures (quick to set up
 Quickly loses its strength in a fire .Practically at 500 degrees and remove).
Celsius (930 degrees F),it loses almost half of its strength),
 Corrosion in humid or marine environments.
 TYPES OF STEEL FRAMING
1. CONVENTIONAL STEEL FRAMING
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 In these type of steel framing the members of steel will be cut to the correct lengths, and then welded
together to make the final structure.
2. BOLTED STEEL FRAME
 Bolted Steel Frame is produced, finished and painted different steel components, which are then
shipped to the site and simply bolted in place.
3. STICK FRAMING
 Stick Framing Most commonly used to build steel framed homes today, and involves assembling the
floors and walls using individual studs and joists on the construction site.
4. COLD FORMED STEEL FRAMING
 Using thin sheets of galvanized steel by cold forming into steel studs for use as a structural or non-
structural building material.
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5. PANELIZATION FRAMING
 Panelization framing is assembling components of the house (walls, floors, roofs) in a controlled
manufacturing environment. Steel framing is particularly suited for panelization because it is manufactured
precisly to meet exacting tolerances, and its light weight allows for easier handling of assembled
components.
15 MEMBERS IN STEEL FRAMES
MEMBERS IN STEEL FRAMES
1. Stud Members
 It Includes wall studs, joists and rafters because they are all of the same shape.
2. Track
 It is the top and bottom “plates” of a steel wall or the rim of floors and rafters.
3. U-channel
 It can be used for bridging, blocking and customized for cabinet backing.
4. Furring channel
 It is used as purlins, bridging, backing, and for subassembly sound separation.
5. L-headers
 These are brake-metal shaped members that can be doubled and used as headers
16 Cont….

Thank You !!!