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SOM Ch-4

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23 views15 pages

SOM Ch-4

Uploaded by

Yash Kumar Kasera Kasera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC

MIRZAPUR

Structural Mechanics(SOM)

CHAPTER – 4
MOMENT OF INERTIA
RIGID BODY

An object whose shape and size do not change under the influence of external
forces.

AXIS OF ROTATION

The axis of rotation is an imaginary line about which a rigid body rotates. When a rigid body
moves in a circular motion, every point on the body traces out a circular path. The axis of
rotation is the line that remains fixed in space while all the points on the body move around it.

MOMENT OF INERTIA

The moment of inertia, often denoted by I, is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its
rotational motion. It's analogous to mass in linear motion. Just as mass quantifies an object's
resistance to changes in its linear motion (i.e., its inertia), the moment of inertia quantifies an
object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion .
Mathematically, the moment of inertia of an object depends on both its mass and its distribution
of mass relative to the axis of rotation. The moment of inertia I of a point mass m located at a
distance r from the axis of rotation is given by:
I=m⋅r2

RADIUS OF GYRATION

The radius of gyration, denoted as k, is a measure


used in mechanics to quantify the distribution of
mass in a rigid body or the distribution of charge in
an object. It's essentially the radial distance from
the axis of rotation where all the mass could be
concentrated without changing the rotational
inertia.
For a rigid body, it's defined as the square root of
the ratio of the moment of inertia I to the total
mass .​​
THEOREM OF PERPENDICUALR AXIS

The theorem of perpendicular axes, also known as the perpendicular axis theorem, is a
fundamental principle in classical mechanics that relates to the moment of inertia of a planar
object. It states that the moment of inertia of a planar object about an axis perpendicular to its
plane is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia about two perpendicular axes in the plane of
the object and passing through the point where the perpendicular axis intersects the plane.

Mathematically, if Iz​represents the moment of inertia of the object about the perpendicular axis
(axis perpendicular to the plane), and Ix​and Iy​represent the moments of inertia about two
perpendicular axes in the plane of the object (usually the x-axis and y-axis), then the theorem can
be stated as:
=+Iz​=Ix​+Iy​
This theorem is extremely useful in simplifying calculations involving the rotational motion of
planar objects, especially when the object's geometry allows for easy determination of moments
of inertia about perpendicular axes within the plane of the object. It's a key concept in
understanding and analyzing rotational motion in mechanics and engineering.
THEOREM OF PARALLEL AXIS

The theorem of parallel axis, also known as the parallel axis theorem or Steiner's theorem, is
another essential principle in classical mechanics that relates to the moment of inertia of a rigid
body. It states that the moment of inertia of a rigid body about any axis is equal to the sum of the
moment of inertia of the body about a parallel axis through its center of mass and the product of
the body's mass and the square of the perpendicular distance between the two axes.
Mathematically, if Icm​represents the moment of
inertia of the body about an axis passing through
its center of mass, I represents the moment of
inertia about a parallel axis at a distance d from
the center of mass, and m represents the mass of
the body, then the theorem can be stated as:
=+2I=Icm​+md2
This theorem is extremely useful because it
allows us to easily calculate the moment of inertia
of a rigid body about any axis, provided that we
know the moment of inertia about a parallel axis
through the center of mass. It's often used in
engineering and physics to analyze rotational
motion and to solve problems related to the
distribution of mass in rigid bodies.
SECOND MOMENT AREA METHOD
SECOND MOMENT AREA OF COMMON GEOMETRICAL SECTION
SECTION MODULUS
NUMERICALS
THANK YOU

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