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Conditionals Dildora

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13 views17 pages

Conditionals Dildora

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Dildora
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CONDITIONALS

MADE BY DILDORA
HIKMATULLOEVA
WHAT ARE CONDITIONALS IN
ENGLISH GRAMMAR?
• Sometimes we call them “IF clauses”.
They describe the result of something
that might happen (in the present or
future) or might have happened but
didn’t (in the past). They are made
using different English verb tenses.
THERE ARE FOUR MAIN KINDS OF
CONDITIONALS:
• THE ZERO CONDITIONAL
If + present simple, … present simple
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
• THE FIRST CONDITIONAL
If + present simple, … will + infinitive
• If it rains tomorrow, we’ll go the cinema.
• THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
If + past simple, … would + infinitive
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
• THE THIRD CONDITIONAL
If + past perfect, … would + have + past participle
If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.

NOTICE we can put “if” at the beginning, or in the middle. It doesn’t


matter at all.
GRAMMAR EXPLANATION
• Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition. The if clause
tells you the condition (if you study hard) and the main clause tells you
the result (you will pass your exams). The order of the clauses does not
change the meaning.
• If you study hard, you will pass your exams.
• You will pass your exams, if you study hard.
Conditional sentences are often divided into different types.
ZERO CONDITIONAL
• We use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally
true, especially for laws and rules. It is also used for when the time
being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and
possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths.
• If I drink too much coffee, I can’t sleep at night.
• Ice melts if you heat it.
• When the sun goes down, it gets dark.
The structure is: if /when + present simple, … present simple.
FIRST CONDITIONAL
• We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations we
believe are real or possible.
• If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.
• Arsenal will be top of the league if they win.
• When I finish work, I’ll call you.
• In first conditional sentences, the structure is usually:
if/when + present simple, … will + infinitive.

• It is also common to use this structure with unless, as long as, as soon
as or in case instead of it.
• I’ll leave as soon as the babysitter arrives.
• I don’t want to stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.
• I’ll give you a key in case I’m not at home.
• You can go to the party, as long as you’re back by midnight.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
• The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations
that are impossible or unlikely in reality.
• If we had a garden, we could have a cat.
• If I won a lot of money, I’d buy a big house in the country.
• I wouldn’t worry if I were you.
• The structure is usually:
If + past simple, … + would + infinitive
• When if is followed by the verb be, it is grammatically correct to say if
I were, if he were, if she were and if it were. However, it is also common
to hear these structures with was, especially in the he/she form.
• If I were you, I wouldn’t mention it.
• If she was prime minister, she would invest more money in schools.
• He would travel more if he was younger.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
• The third conditional is used to explain an unreal past condition and
its probable result in the present. It is also used to refer to a time that
is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts are
based on the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is
used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result.
In this type of conditionals the if clause uses the past perfect and the
main clause uses the perfect conditional.
• If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
• If I had expected that promotion, I would have been working in
Berlin.
• If this thing had happened, that thing would have happened. ( but
neither of those things really happened ) or that thing would have
been happening.
MIXED TYPE CONDITIONAL

• The mixed type conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the


past, and a situation that is ongoing into the present. The facts are
based on the opposite of what is expressed. The mixed type
conditional is used to refer an unreal past condition and its probable
result in the present. In this type of conditionals the if clause uses the
past perfect, and the main clause uses the present conditional.
• If I had worked harder at school, I would have a better job now.
• If we had looked at the map, we wouldn’t be lost.

• If you were not afraid of spiders, you would have picked it up and put
it outside.
• If we had built a subway system 10 years ago, the traffic wouldn’t be
so bad today.
• If he were your real friend, he would have helped you yesterday.
TEST ON CONDITIONS
1. If I have enough apples tomorrow, I ______ an apple pie for you.
a) bake b) would bake c) will bake d) am baking
2. If I ______ you were ill, I would have visited you.
b) knew b) have known c) had known d) had been
3. If it ______ tomorrow, we’ll go on picnic.
a) didn’t rain b) won’t be raining c) won’t rain d) doesn’t rain
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION

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