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1st and Second Cond. Grammar

This document discusses the zero, first, and second conditionals. It provides examples of each type of conditional and explains their structures and uses. The zero conditional uses the present simple to talk about generally true facts. The first conditional uses the present simple and will + infinitive to talk about possible future situations. The second conditional uses the past simple and would + infinitive to talk about unlikely or impossible present or future situations.

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52 views2 pages

1st and Second Cond. Grammar

This document discusses the zero, first, and second conditionals. It provides examples of each type of conditional and explains their structures and uses. The zero conditional uses the present simple to talk about generally true facts. The first conditional uses the present simple and will + infinitive to talk about possible future situations. The second conditional uses the past simple and would + infinitive to talk about unlikely or impossible present or future situations.

Uploaded by

melek.acikgoz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Conditionals: zero, first and second

Do you know how to use the zero, first and second conditionals? Test what you
know with interactive exercises and read the explanation to help you.
Look at these examples to see how zero, first and second conditionals are used.
If you freeze water, it becomes solid.
If it rains tomorrow, I'll take the car.
If I lived closer to the cinema, I would go more often.
Try this exercise to test your grammar.

Grammar explanation
Conditionals describe the result of a certain condition. The if clause tells you the
condition (If you study hard) and the main clause tells you the result (you will pass
your exams). The order of the clauses does not change the meaning.
If you study hard, you will pass your exams.
You will pass your exams if you study hard.
Conditional sentences are often divided into different types.

Zero conditional
We use the zero conditional to talk about things that are generally true, especially
for laws and rules.
If I drink too much coffee, I can't sleep at night.
Ice melts if you heat it.
When the sun goes down, it gets dark.
The structure is: if/when + present simple >> present simple.
First conditional
We use the first conditional when we talk about future situations we believe are real
or possible.
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
Arsenal will be top of the league if they win.
When I finish work, I'll call you.
In first conditional sentences, the structure is usually: if/when + present simple
>> will + infinitive.
It is also common to use this structure with unless, as long as, as soon as or in
case instead of if.
I'll leave as soon as the babysitter arrives.
I don't want to stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.
I'll give you a key in case I'm not at home.
You can go to the party, as long as you're back by midnight.

Second conditional
The second conditional is used to imagine present or future situations that are
impossible or unlikely in reality.
If we had a garden, we could have a cat.
If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
I wouldn't worry if I were you.
The structure is usually: if + past simple >> + would + infinitive.
When if is followed by the verb be, it is grammatically correct to say if I were, if he
were, if she were and if it were. However, it is also common to hear these
structures with was, especially in the he/she form.
If I were you, I wouldn't mention it.
If she was prime minister, she would invest more money in schools.
He would travel more if he was younger.
Do this exercise to test your grammar again.

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