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Class-VIII-cube and Cube Roots

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358 views36 pages

Class-VIII-cube and Cube Roots

Uploaded by

Gurpreet kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CUBE AND CUBE

ROOTS
CLASS:VIII
CUBE AND CUBE
ROOTS
Learning Objectives and Outcomes
Learning Objectives: By the end of this chapter students will
 able to find the cube of a number.
able to distinguish perfect cube number.
able to find the cube root of a number by prime factorization.
able to find the cube root of numbers by estimation.
Learning Outcomes: Students will able to
apply the knowledge to test whether a number is a perfect cube or
not.
 able to solve problem related to the chapter.
INTRODUCTION
This is a story about one of India’s great mathematical
genius. Once Prof G.H.Hardy came to visit him in a taxi
whose number is 1729.While talking to Ramanujan,
Hardy described this number as a dull number.
Ramanujan quickly pointed out that 1729 was indeed
interesting. He said it is the smallest number that can be
expressed as a sum of two cubes in two different ways:
1729=1728+1 and 1729=1000+729
1729 has since then known as Hardy-Ramanujam
number.
Do you Know?
The word “cube” is used in geometry. A
cube is a solid figure which has all its
sides equal.
Idea about cubes
The cube of a number is product of a number multiplied
by itself three times and is read as the number raised to
the power 3.
Example: 3 cubed = 33 = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27
Perfect Cubes
An integer ‘n’ is a perfect cube if there is an integer
‘m’ such that, n = m x m x m
In other words, the product of three same number is
called a perfect cube.
E.g: = 4 x 4 x 4 = 64
= 6 x 6 x 6 = 216
In the above examples, 64 and 216 are called
perfect cubes.
Can you identify a perfect cube?
In order to check whether a given number is a
perfect cube, we should follow the given steps:
STEP – 1: Express the given number as a product of
prime factors.
STEP – 2: Group the factors in triplets such that all
three factors in each triplet are the same.
STEP – 3: If some prime factors are left ungrouped,
the given number is not a perfect cube.
Let’s us Examine some numbers being perfect cubes
Problem – 1: Is 216 a perfect cube?
Solution: Resolving 216 into prime factors
216=2x2x2x3x3x3(Prime factors can be grouped into tripled).
Thus 216 is a perfect cube.
Problem – 2: Is 1323 a perfect cube?
Solution: Resolving 1323 into prime factors
1323=3x3x3x7x7
While grouping the factors, we are left 7x7.
Thus 1323 is not a perfect cube.
Problem – 3: What is the smallest number by which 3087 must be
multiplied so that product is a perfect cube?
Solution: Find prime factors of 3087.
3087=3x3x7x7x7.
On grouping factors ,we find 3x3 is left out.
Hence 3 must be multiplied, to make it a perfect square.
Properties of Cubes of numbers
 Cube of all even natural areeven.
e.g: Cube of 4 = 64, which is an evennumber
 Cube of all odd natural are odd.

e.g: Cube of 3 = 27, which is an oddnumber


 Cube of any multiple of 2 is divisible by 8

e.g: = 64 which is divisible by 8


 Cube of a natural number of the form 3nis a multiple

of 27.
e.g: = 216 which is divisible by 28
Properties of Cubes of numbers
Cube of negative number is always negative.
e.g: = (-2) x (-2) x (-2) = -8
Cube of a positive number is always positive.
e.g: = 4 x 4 x 4 = 64
Cube of a rational number is equal to the
cube of its numerator divided by the cube of
its denominator.
e.g: = =
CUBE ROOTS

Taking the
3
Cube root of a

3 perfect cube
will give you the
dimension
3 3

of one edge 3
of the cube 27 = 3
The Cube Root Symbol!!

This is the special symbol that means ‘cube


root’.
It is the RADICAL symbol (used for square
roots
also), with a little three to mean cube root.

This would be said, the cube root of 27 equals 3.


Examples:

3
64  4 because

4 4 4   4  
3

3 64
64   because
4
 4 - 4  4    4    64
3
Examples:

27  3 3 3
27  3

216  6 3 3
216  6

64 3 64 4
 4  3 
125   125 5
5
Not all cube roots can be simplified!

3
Example:

• 30
30 is not a perfect cube.
• 30 does not have a perfect factor.
cube

3
30 cannot be simplified!
Let’s watch this
METHODS OF FINDING CUBE ROOTS

1.Cube Root of a Number by Prime


Factorisation
2.Cube Root of a Number through
Estimation
Cube Root by Prime Factorisation
The steps involved to find the cube by primr
factorisation are as follows:
STEP – 1: Resolve the given perfect cube into its
prime factors.
STEP – 2: Group the factors in triplet.
STEP – 3: Take one factor out of each triplet.
STEP – 4: Multiply all the factors the triplets. Their
product will be the required cube root.
Let’s take some Examples….
Problem – 1: Find the cube root of -2744
Solution: Resolve 2744 into prime factors.
2744 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 7 x 7 x 7
 = 2 x 7 = 14
Hence, = - = -14
Problem – 2: Find the cube root of -2744
Solution: Resolve 3375 into prime factors.
3375 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 3 x 3 x 3
= 5 x 3 = 15
 = - = -15
•Step 1- Form groups of three
starting from the right most digit.
•Step 2- Take 576

•The digit is 6 at one’s place.

•Wewill now take 6 as required cube’s


one place.
FINDING CUBE ROOTS USING ESTIMATION

•Step 3- Then take the other group that is 17.

•Cube of 2=8 and cube of 3=27.

•So,
17 lies between 2 and 3 and the smallest
number between them is 2.

•Take 2 as required cube’s tens place


CONCEPT MAP
THANK YOU

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